President Biden on Wednesday called for major increases to some tariffs on steel and aluminum products from China, speaking to members of a national steelworkers union in Pittsburgh as he vies with former President Donald J. Trump for votes in Northern industrial states.

拜登总统周三在匹兹堡向美国钢铁工人联合会会员发表讲话，呼吁大幅提高对来自中国的钢铁和铝产品征收的部分关税。拜登正在北部地区的工业州与前总统特朗普激烈竞争选票。

“These are strategic and targeted actions that are going to protect American workers and ensure fair competition,” Mr. Biden told a crowd of about 100 union members at the United Steelworkers, which endorsed him last month. “Meanwhile, my predecessor and the MAGA Republicans want across-the-board tariffs on all imports, from all countries, that could badly hurt American consumers.”

“这些战略性的、有针对性的行动将保护美国工人，确保公平竞争，”拜登在钢铁工人联合会总部对大约100名工会成员说，该工会上月已表示在总统大选中支持拜登。“与此同时，我的前任和MAGA共和党人想对来自所有国家的所有进口产品征收全面关税，那会严重伤害美国消费者的利益。”

The Biden administration has argued that a flood of low-cost exports from China is undermining American-made products — jeopardizing Mr. Biden’s push to expand U.S. manufacturing, a central focus of his economic agenda.

拜登政府已提出，来自中国的大量廉价出口正在对美国制造的产品造成损害，危害了拜登扩大美国制造业的努力，这是他经济议程的一个核心关注点。

In his speech, Mr. Biden said he would ask the U.S. trade representative, Katherine Tai, to increase tariffs to what White House officials said would be 25 percent on certain Chinese products that now face tariffs of 7.5 percent, or none at all, pending the outcome of an administration review of the China tariffs initially imposed under Mr. Trump.

拜登在讲话中说，等一项对特朗普政府最初对中国产品征收的关税进行的行政审查结果出来后，他将要求美国贸易代表戴琪将对某些中国产品的关税提高到25%，目前这些产品的关税为7.5%，或根本不加征关税。

“I want fair competition with China, not conflict,” Mr. Biden said, flanked by supporters and signs that read, “President Joe Biden: Standing With Workers.” “And we’re in a stronger competition to win the economic competition of the 21st century with China or anyone else because we’re investing in America, and American workers, again.”

“我要的是与中国公平竞争，而不是冲突，”拜登说，他身边站着支持者，身后有写着“乔·拜登总统：为工人撑腰”的标语牌。“在赢得与中国或其他任何国家的21世纪经济竞争上，我们有更强有力的竞争地位，因为我们正再次投资于美国和美国工人。”

The move is another effort by Mr. Biden to put up new barriers to trade with China in some industries. It could help him compete with Mr. Trump in a “tough on China” context with swing voters, though administration officials said elections did not motivate the move.

这是拜登对中国某些行业设置新贸易壁垒的又一举措，也是在“对华强硬”背景下与特朗普竞争摇摆州的选民，尽管政府官员表示，选举并非他采取这一行动的动机。

A day earlier, Mr. Biden began a three-day swing through Pennsylvania, a crucial battleground state, by giving a speech in Scranton in which he focused on the tax code but repeatedly attacked Mr. Trump and accused him of favoring billionaires over the working class.

一天前，拜登开始了在争夺激烈的关键州宾夕法尼亚州的三天竞选活动。虽然他那天在斯克兰顿讲话的重点是税法，但他多次攻击特朗普，谴责特朗普偏袒亿万富翁而不是工薪阶层。

Mr. Biden’s plans on Chinese trade are more targeted than Mr. Trump’s, though. The former president has called for sweeping and steep new tariffs on imports from China and elsewhere, in a potential effort to fracture trade lines between the countries. Mr. Biden’s administration is reviewing existing tariffs and is expected to propose raising some rates on Chinese products while reducing others.

拜登的对华贸易政策比特朗普的更有针对性。前总统特朗普已呼吁对来自中国和其他国家的进口产品征收全面、高额的新关税，这是一种破坏国家之间贸易关系的潜在努力。拜登政府正在审查目前的关税，预计将在结果出来后建议提高对某些中国产品征收的关税，同时降低其他产品的关税。

At a morning stop for breakfast on his way to Pittsburgh from Scranton, Mr. Biden was asked by reporters if he was worried about a trade war with China. “No trade war,” he replied.

在从斯克兰顿去匹兹堡的途中停下来吃早餐时，有记者问拜登是否担心与中国打贸易战。“没有贸易战，”他回答道。

Before Mr. Biden’s remarks, Ms. Tai announced that her office had begun an investigation into China’s aggressive support for shipbuilders and other related industries, in response to a union complaint.

拜登在匹兹堡发表讲话前，戴琪宣布，她的办公室已开始调查中国大力支持造船厂和其他相关行业的问题，作为对工会投诉的响应。

“The American commercial shipbuilding industry is a shell of its former self,” the unions wrote in a filing with the trade representative. They added, “The biggest obstacle to the industry’s recovery is the unfair trade practices of the world’s largest shipbuilding nation: China.”

“美国的商业造船业已失去了昔日的影响，”工会在提交给贸易代表的文件中写道。他们还说，“复苏该行业的最大障碍是世界最大的造船国中国的不公平贸易行为。”

In the complaint, the unions cite “hundreds of billions” of dollars in Chinese government support for the shipbuilding industry. Those include supplying steel from government-owned companies at below-market rates, along with a variety of efforts to steer low-cost loans and other financing to shipbuilders from state-run companies. Ms. Tai called the allegations “serious and concerning.”

工会在投诉书中给出的例子包括，中国政府为国内造船业提供了相当于“数以千亿计”美元的支持，包括以低于市场的价格向造船厂供应国有企业生产的钢材，以及把低成本贷款和其他资金引导到造船厂和其他国有企业的各种努力。戴琪称这些指控“严重且令人担忧”。

The moves threaten to deepen a trade dispute with Beijing, which has criticized Mr. Biden for his own efforts to subsidize American manufacturing — including tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act that are meant to increase production of solar panels, electric vehicles and other technologies aimed at reducing fossil fuel emissions.

这些调查有加深美中贸易争端的危险。中国批评了拜登政府补贴美国制造业的努力，包括《通货膨胀削减法案》中的税收抵免，该法案的目的是提高美国在太阳能电池板、电动汽车和其他减少化石燃料技术上的制造业产能。

China’s Commerce Ministry sharply criticized the investigation in a release, saying it was “filled with a large number of false accusations, misinterpreting normal trade and investment activities as harming U.S. national security and corporate interests, and blaming China for its own industrial problems.”

中国商务部新闻发言人严厉批评了这些调查，称调查申请“充斥大量不实指责，将正常贸易投资活动曲解为损害美国家安全和企业利益，将自身产业问题归咎于中国”。

In his speech, Mr. Biden also reaffirmed his support for the steelworkers union in a dispute over the proposed sale of the Pittsburgh-based U.S. Steel to Nippon Steel of Japan.

拜登在讲话中还重申了他在一场纠纷中支持钢铁工人联合会的立场，这场纠纷涉及日本制铁收购著名的匹兹堡企业美国钢铁公司的提议。

Nippon officials have vowed to invest billions in American manufacturing facilities, to keep U.S. Steel’s headquarters in Pittsburgh and to honor existing labor contracts. But the attempted purchase has drawn fire from the union and a bipartisan group of senators, largely from industrial states, who say it could compromise national security.

日本制铁的官员承诺对美国钢铁的制造设施投资数十亿美元，让其总部留在匹兹堡，并将履行现有劳工合同。但收购的尝试已遭到了工会和（主要来自工业州的）两党参议员的批评，他们称收购会损害国家安全。

Mr. Biden has signaled opposition to the deal, which his administration is scrutinizing on security and antitrust grounds. He has said repeatedly that he will stand with steelworkers in the dispute over the sale, though administration officials have not specified exactly what that means in policy terms. 

拜登已发出信号表示反对这笔交易，他的政府正在对收购进行安全和反垄断审查。他已多次表示，在有关收购的纠纷中，他站在钢铁工人一边，尽管政府官员尚未具体说明这在政策上意味着什么。

David McCall, the international president of the steelworkers union, praised Mr. Biden before his speech.

钢铁工人联合会的国际主席戴维·麦考尔在拜登发表讲话前赞扬了总统。

“President Biden promised U.S.W. members that he had our backs,” Mr. McCall said. “And it’s clear he does.”

“拜登总统已向美国钢铁联合会成员承诺，他会为我们撑腰，”麦考尔说。“很明显，他这样做了。”