Joseph R. Biden Jr. ran for the White House as a sharp critic of President Donald J. Trump’s crackdown on trade with China. In office, though, he has taken Mr. Trump’s trade war with Beijing and escalated it, albeit with a very different aim.

拜登在竞选总统时曾经尖锐批评特朗普总统打击对华贸易。然而，他自己上任后却将特朗普与北京的贸易战升级，尽管目的非常不同。

The two men, locked in a rematch election this fall, share a rhetorical fondness for beating up on China’s economic practices, including accusing the Chinese of cheating at global trade. They also share a building-block policy for countering Beijing: hundreds of billions of dollars in tariffs, or taxes, on Chinese imports. Those tariffs were first imposed by Mr. Trump and have been maintained by President Biden.

On Tuesday, Mr. Biden will announce that he is increasing some of those tariffs. That includes quadrupling electric vehicle tariffs to 100 percent, tripling certain levies on steel and aluminum products to 25 percent, and doubling the rate on semiconductors to 50 percent.

But Mr. Biden’s trade war differs from Mr. Trump’s in important ways. Mr. Trump was trying to bring back a broad swath of factory jobs outsourced to China. Mr. Biden is seeking to increase production and jobs in a select group of emerging high-tech industries — including clean energy sectors, like electric vehicles, that Mr. Trump shows little interest in cultivating.

但拜登的贸易战在很多重要方面与特朗普不同。特朗普试图把外包给中国的大量工厂工作带回美国。拜登正在寻求增加一些新兴高科技产业的产量和就业机会，其中包括电动汽车等清洁能源领域，而特朗普对培养这些行业兴趣不大。

Mr. Biden has pulled more policy levers, some of them created by Mr. Trump. He has imposed more restrictions on trade with China, including limiting sales of American technology to Beijing, while funneling federal subsidies to American manufacturers trying to compete with Chinese production.

拜登动用了更多的政策杠杆，其中一些是特朗普创造的。他向对华贸易施加了更多限制，包括限制向北京出售美国技术，同时向试图与中国产品竞争的美国制造商提供联邦补贴。

And in a sharp break from Mr. Trump’s go-it-alone posture, Mr. Biden’s strategy relies on bringing international allies together to counter China through a mix of domestic incentives and, potentially, coordinated tariffs on Chinese goods.

As they compete for the White House again, Mr. Biden and Mr. Trump are both promising to further increase trade pressure on China, which both men accuse of unfair trade practices that disadvantage American workers. Here is how their plans overlap, and where they diverge sharply.

再次争夺总统职位的拜登和特朗普都承诺进一步加大对中国的贸易压力，两人都指责中国的不公平贸易做法使美国工人处于不利地位。以下是他们的计划相同的地方，以及截然不同的地方。

特朗普的计划包括提高关税和减少贸易。

Mr. Trump broke decades of political consensus by pushing aggressive restrictions on trade with China as president. He imposed tariffs on more than $360 billion worth of Chinese products, including toys, electronics and household furnishings, drawing retaliatory tariffs from Beijing.

特朗普打破了数十年的政治共识，在担任总统期间大力限制对华贸易。他对价值超过3600亿美元的中国产品征收关税，包括玩具、电子产品和家居用品，招来北京的报复性关税。

In 2020, he struck an agreement with Chinese officials that called for China to increase its purchases of exported goods from America, including agricultural products, and carry out a series of economic reforms. China came nowhere close to fulfilling those terms. Lael Brainard, the director of Mr. Biden’s National Economic Council, told reporters this week that the deal “did not deliver on its promises.”

2020年，他与中国官员达成协议，要求中国增加包括农产品在内的从美国购买的出口商品，并且进行一系列经济改革。中国远未履行这些条款。拜登的国家经济委员会主任莱尔·布雷纳德本周告诉记者，该协议“没有兑现承诺”。

Mr. Trump has pledged new efforts to sever the nations’ trading relationship if he is elected to a second term. Those include barriers to investment between the two countries, along with bans on imports of Chinese steel, electronics and pharmaceuticals. He has also proposed an additional 10 percent tariff on all imports to the United States, not just those from China. And he has criticized Mr. Biden.

特朗普承诺，如果他再次当选，将采取新的措施切断两国的贸易关系。其中包括两国之间的投资壁垒，以及禁止进口中国钢铁、电子产品和药品。他提议对所有进口到美国的商品追加10%的关税，而不仅仅是来自中国的商品。他还批评了拜登。

Chinese officials were “petrified of me putting on additional tariffs,” Mr. Trump told CNBC in March. “And we don’t use that, China is right now our boss. They are the boss of the United States, almost like we’re a subsidiary of China, and that’s because the Biden administration has been so weak.”

中国官员“非常害怕我征收更多关税，”特朗普今年3月对CNBC表示。“我们没有利用这个，中国现在是我们的老板。他们是美国的老板，简直就像我们是中国的子公司，这是因为拜登政府太软了。”

Mr. Biden was once a critic of Mr. Trump’s tariffs. “President Trump may think he’s being tough on China,” Mr. Biden said in a 2019 speech, as a candidate for president, “but all he has delivered is more pain for American farmers, manufacturers and consumers.”

Early in Mr. Biden’s administration, his aides debated rolling back many of Mr. Trump’s taxes on Chinese imports to ease the pain of rapid price increases. They ultimately decided against it. Instead, Mr. Biden will announce on Tuesday that he is increasing tariffs on about $18 billion worth of Chinese imports, including solar cells, ship-to-shore cranes and certain medical technologies.

His administration has also imposed new restrictions on exports of American semiconductors and chip-making materials to China, and it has taken the first step to cracking down on imported Chinese smart-car technologies.

Administration officials offer economic rationale for all of those moves. But Mr. Biden is also responding to swing-state political pressures — and seeking to outflank Mr. Trump on the China issue. Last month, he called for higher taxes on Chinese heavy metal imports in a speech to steelworkers in Pennsylvania, a crucial state where polls show he is struggling to overcome voter anxiety about the economy.

And while Biden aides say his tariff approach is more targeted — and, by extension, more effective — than Mr. Trump’s, the president has notably decided not to roll back any of the original tariffs that Mr. Trump imposed on Chinese products.

虽然拜登的助手们表示，拜登的关税政策比特朗普的更具针对性，也更有效，但总统显然已经决定不取消特朗普最初对中国产品征收的任何关税。

Mr. Biden has tailored his policy, though. He has consciously coupled new restrictions on China trade with the strategic investments, in the form of government spending and tax credits, that he has used to entice new factory production in a handful of targeted sectors.

不过，拜登已经调整了自己的政策。他有意识地将对中国贸易的新限制与战略投资（以政府支出和税收抵免的形式）结合起来，利用这些战略投资在少数目标行业吸引新的工厂进行生产。

Perhaps no product better exemplifies the divergence between Mr. Biden and Mr. Trump on trade policy than electric vehicles. Mr. Trump sees them as a scourge, and has said efforts to accelerate their adoption will result in an “assassination” of American jobs.

Mr. Biden has signed multiple laws meant to supercharge electric vehicle production and consumption in the United States, including an infrastructure bill with funding for 500,000 charging stations and a climate law with lucrative incentives to make and sell the vehicles in the United States. They are part of an ambitious industrial strategy to build up American factory capacity for a host of clean energy technologies meant to fight climate change and to dominate advanced manufacturing industries globally for decades to come.

Mr. Biden is increasingly worried that a flood of low-cost electric cars and other goods from China could undermine those efforts, and he is using trade policy to protect his industrial investments. His tariff increases planned for Tuesday include a quadrupling of the rate on imported electric vehicles, to 100 percent.

And while Mr. Biden antagonized allies by imposing tariffs on steel and aluminum from Japan, the European Union and elsewhere, the president has sought to bring together a coalition of wealthy democracies to battle China in clean energy. His administration led an effort at the Group of 7 summit last year to outline a harmonized strategy of subsidies to compete with China’s state funding for new technologies.

虽然拜登对来自日本、欧盟和其他地方的钢铝征收关税引起了盟友的反感，但总统一直在寻求召集一个富裕民主国家的联盟，在清洁能源领域与中国对抗。在去年的七国集团峰会上，政府牵头制定了一项协调一致的补贴战略，同中国政府为新技术提供的资金竞争。

Many current and former administration officials hope that cooperation will now extend to tariffs as well, starting with Europe, which is conducting its own investigations of Chinese trade practices and appears poised to raise its existing tax rate on imported Chinese electric vehicles.

许多现任和前任政府官员希望，与盟友的合作现在也能扩展到关税领域，首先是欧洲。欧洲正在对中国的贸易行为进行自己的调查，似乎准备提高对中国进口电动汽车的现有关税。