A sheet pan takes the concept of a one-pot meal and flips it onto a pan. It saves time, makes clean-up easier, and doesn’t require expensive equipment or fancy ingredients. Just start with your protein of choice, then add vegetables, fat and flavorings, and roast at high heat until everything is golden brown. Here’s how.
Choosing a Protein
Every satisfying sheet-pan meal, like the most well-rounded dinners, is built around a protein. Whether you decide on poultry, beef, pork, fish or tofu, you’ll want to start with ¼ to ¾ pound per serving, to be supplemented with vegetables.
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When cooking poultry, bear in mind that dark meat takes longer to cook than white meat, and bone-in chicken longer than boneless. Timing can vary, from 5 minutes for chicken or turkey breast tenders run under the broiler, to 1½ hours for bone-in turkey legs.
Here are more suggested cooking times.
Cut of chicken, skin-on Approximate cooking time at 400 degrees Whole chicken breast, bone-in 30 – 40 minutes Whole chicken breast, boneless 20 – 30 minutes Whole chicken thighs, bone-in 30 – 45 minutes Whole chicken thighs, boneless 25 – 40 minutes
Poultry
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As a general rule, fish filets will cook in 5 to 15 minutes on a sheet pan, depending on oven temperature, while whole fish can take anywhere from 10 minutes to 45 minutes.
Shrimp will be done in as little 2 minutes under the broiler, or up to 15, if you’re going low and slow and have a lot of them on the same pan. In a 400-degree oven, peeled shrimp will take 5 to 8 minutes.Here are more suggested cooking times.
Fish, 1-inch-thick filets, skin-on Approximate cooking time at 400 degrees Salmon 8 – 12 minutes Whitefish (cod, tilapia, hake, halibut) 8 – 12 minutes
Seafood
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Pork
When cooking pork, bear in mind that whole chunks of meat work best when set on oven-safe wire racks fitted into the sheet pan, so they don’t stick or get soggy on the bottom during their relatively long cook time.
Smaller pieces (steaks, chops, filets, kebabs) can go straight on the pan. Run a sheet pan full of meat under the broiler when you want the char of the grill without going outside.
Sausages are excellent cooked on sheet pans rather than being pan-fried, and many of them can fit on one pan. Arrange them 1-inch apart, drizzle with oil and broil.
Here are some suggested cooking times.
Cut of pork Approximate cooking time at 400 degrees Pork chops, whole, bone-in, 1-inch thick 25 – 35 minutes Pork chops, cut into 1-inch-thick pieces 20 – 40 minutes Pork tenderloin, whole 45 – 60 minutes Pork sausage, whole 20 – 35 minutes, depending on thickness Beef
Few sheet-pan suppers use beef, because cuts are best suited to either searing on the grill or under a broiler (steaks and chops), or in the moist environment of the braising pot.
One exception is ground beef. Simply spread seasoned ground meat out on an oiled sheet pan, drizzle with more oil, and run it under the broiler. Think of it as a deconstructed meatball with more surface area to crisp.
Pork and Beef
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Tofu, tempeh and other vegetable proteins can work well for a sheet-pan supper. To make sure they crisp and brown, be sure to dry them out. (Laying pieces out on kitchen towels for 10 to 30 minutes will help.)
Marinating tofu before roasting adds flavor; dusting tofu with a little cornstarch adds crispness (though it may also stick to your pan).
Don’t cook tofu on the same pan as watery vegetables, or the moisture from the vegetables will prevent the tofu from browning.
Tofu, sliced into ½-inch-thick rectangles, or 1-inch cubes, will cook for 30 to 45 minutes at 400 degrees.
Tofu
Adding Vegetables
Protein in hand, it’s time to pick the vegetables that’ll round out your meal. How many, and how much, are up to you. But remember that vegetables cook down significantly under high temperatures, so always err on the side of more.
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When working with vegetables, make sure they’re cut consistently. Just as you did with your protein, you’ll want to coat them with an oil or fat and any herbs or spices of your choosing, giving them plenty of space on the pan to encourage browning.
Dense vegetables — potatoes, radishes, winter squashes — take the longest to cook, 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on oven temperature and chunk size. Vegetables with a higher moisture content can take less time, 10 to 45 minutes. However if you’re looking to caramelize vegetables with a very high moisture content — zucchini and tomatoes in particular — it can take longer because the moisture needs to evaporate before browning can occur. Roasting at a high temperature, 425 to 450 degrees, can speed things up.
Leafy vegetables — kale, broccoli rabe, bok choy, chard — will cook fastest, 3 to 10 minutes. If the leaves are thoroughly dry, they will turn crisp and brown. Kale and chard can turn to brittle and chiplike if you use enough oil.
Here’s a list of popular vegetables and their suggested cooking times.
Vegetable, cut in ½-inch chunks, unless specified Approximate cooking time at 400 degrees Asparagus, whole 8 – 15 minutes, depending on thickness Beets 25 – 40 minutes Broccoli 10 – 15 minutes Brussels sprouts, halved 20 – 30 minutes Butternut, or winter, squash 25 – 40 minutes Cauliflower 25 – 45 minutes Carrots, cut into ½-inch chunks, left whole or halved lengthwise 30 – 45 minutes Cherry tomatoes, whole 25 – 50 minutes for caramelized Chickpeas, canned 40 – 55 minutes for crisp Eggplant 25 – 45 minutes Leeks 20 – 35 minutes Peppers (red, green, orange) 30 – 45 minutes Potatoes 25 – 35 minutes Sweet potatoes 30 – 40 minutes Zucchini or summer squash 40 – 55 minutes
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
Building Flavor
Once you’ve chosen your main ingredients, you could, of course, leave well enough alone, but you can also get creative with the seasonings. Fat, herbs, spices and garnishes all add to the character of the finished dish.
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Fat
Fat encourages browning and helps evenly cook the ingredients on your sheet pan. Olive oil is the classic choice, but other oils and fats, like coconut oil, peanut oil, duck fat and leftover bacon grease, all add distinct flavors. For something more neutral, look to sunflower, grapeseed and canola. Simply toss ingredients with enough fat so they are lightly coated.
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Herbs and Spices
Sprigs of sturdy, branchy fresh herbs can stand up to lengthy cooking without burning. Thyme, lemon thyme, oregano, marjoram, rosemary, bay leaves, tarragon and sage are all good choices; just throw them on the pan with the other ingredients. Dried herbs and herb mixes like Herbs de Provence are excellent added to a marinade, paste or rub.
Avoid soft herbs like basil, chives, parsley, cilantro and mint, which can turn brown at high heat. They’re better as garnishes.
Whole spices can also be tossed directly onto the pan with the other ingredients, adding fragrance and depth. Some favorites include chile flakes, coriander seeds, fennel seeds, cumin seeds and cinnamon sticks. Use ground spices and spice blends in marinades, pastes and rubs.
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Bold Additions…
Whole smashed garlic cloves (peeled or unpeeled); slivered, blanched lemons; and whole or sliced fresh chiles can be added with the other ingredients, and will turn wonderfully brown while roasting. Make sure they are well coated with oil or fat to encourage caramelization. Note that peeled garlic will add a more intense flavor than unpeeled.
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… And Bright Finishes
Consider fresh soft herbs, squeezes of citrus or drizzles of vinegar, yogurt, vinaigrettes, grated or crumbled cheeses, salsas, sauces, chutneys, relishes, quick-pickled onions or shallots, chile pastes and hot sauces. All add vibrancy to a finished dish.
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
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Cooking Your Meal
You have your protein and vegetables, and you’ve considered your flavors. What remains should be as simple as coating your ingredients in fat and adding seasonings and roasting, but there are a few more things to bear in mind.
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Your ingredients — and their cook times — matter. It should go without saying that different ingredients cook at different times. Start with the slowest-cooking ingredient, then add items in a progression, ending with whatever cooks fastest.
So does cut. The smaller an ingredient is chopped, the faster it will cook. This applies only to like ingredients: Small chunks of carrots may still take longer to cook through than larger pieces of tomatoes, mushrooms, broccoli or other less dense vegetables. Half an inch is a good starting point, cooking quickly while providing a satisfying bite.
Pay attention to placement, both of your sheet pan and your ingredients. The closer the sheet pan is to the heat source, the crisper and browner everything will get. Similarly, ingredients at the pan’s edges cook faster than those in the middle. (Take note, too, that the more spread out the ingredients are, the more air will flow between them, browning them further.) For even cooking, place larger pieces at the edges and smaller pieces in the center, and make sure to rotate your sheet pan halfway through cooking.
Mind your temperature. The suggested cook times listed here are based on a 400-degree oven temperature, but choose a hotter temperature for deeper color and a juicy center, and a lower temperature for slower, more even cooking. You can also run quick-cooking ingredients under the broiler for a meal in minutes. It’s also worth noting that a higher temperature browns food faster, so you’ll want to keep a more careful watch. Setting the temperature a little lower gives you more wiggle room.
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
Assembling a Meal
If you still find yourself seeking inspiration, here are four meals that began with just the basics, and evolved into something impressive in a few simple steps.
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Pork Chops and Peaches
Basic: Roast 1-inch-thick pork chops surrounded by sliced peaches at 450 degrees for 12 to 18 minutes.
Upgraded: Sear pork chops on both sides under broiler before adding peaches and then roast at 450 degrees for 12 to 18 minutes.
Elegant: Sear pork chops on both sides under broiler before adding peaches and then roasting at 450 degrees for 12 to 18 minutes. After chops and peaches have roasted for 10 minutes, add some thinly sliced scallions.
Impressive: Sear pork chops on both sides under broiler before adding peaches and then roasting, roast at 450 degrees for 12 to 18 minutes. After chops and peaches have roasted for 10 minutes, add thinly sliced scallions to pan. Drizzle chops with a mix of pomegranate molasses and olive oil before serving.
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Salmon and Cherry Tomatoes
Basic: Roast salmon filets surrounded by halved cherry tomatoes at 400 degrees for 10 minutes.
Upgraded: Roast halved cherry tomatoes at 400 degrees for 20 minutes, to caramelize them. Add salmon filets to pan. Cook salmon and tomatoes for another 10 minutes.
Elegant: Roast halved cherry tomatoes at 400 degrees for 20 minutes, to caramelize them. Add salmon filets to pan, along with sliced olives and thyme branches. Cook everything for another 10 minutes.
Impressive: Roast halved cherry tomatoes at 400 degrees for 20 minutes, to caramelize them. Brush salmon with tapenade, and add salmon to pan, along with sliced olives and thyme branches. Cook everything for another 10 minutes.
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Meatballs and Red Chiles
Basic: Roast 1½-inch lamb or beef meatballs with thinly sliced red chiles all over pan at 425 degrees for 10 to 15 minutes.
Upgraded: Ten minutes before putting the meatballs in the oven, place a second sheet pan of ¾-inch pieces of eggplant in the oven. Roast meatballs and chiles, as instructed, and pull both the meatballs and eggplant out at the same time.
Elegant: Ten minutes before putting the meatballs in the oven, place a second sheet pan of ¾-inch pieces of eggplant, sprinkled with cumin and coriander seeds, in the oven. Roast meatballs and chiles, as instructed, and pull both the meatballs and eggplant out at the same time.
Impressive: Ten minutes before putting the meatballs in the oven, place a second sheet pan of ¾-inch pieces of eggplant, sprinkled with cumin and coriander seeds, in the oven. Roast meatballs and chiles, as instructed, and pull both the meatballs and eggplant out at the same time. Serve with tahini-garlic sauce for dipping.
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Chicken and Bell Peppers
Basic: Roast bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts on a bed of thinly sliced bell peppers at 425 degrees for 25 to 30 minutes.
Upgraded: Roast bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts on a bed of thinly sliced bell peppers, thinly sliced red onion and fresh oregano sprigs at 425 degrees for 25 to 30 minutes.
Elegant: Marinate chicken breasts with some garlic, cumin, lemon zest and fresh oregano. Roast bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts on a bed of thinly sliced bell peppers, thinly sliced red onion and fresh oregano sprigs at 425 degrees for 25 to 30 minutes.
Impressive: Marinate chicken breasts with some garlic, cumin, lemon zest and fresh oregano. Roast bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts on a bed of thinly sliced bell peppers, thinly sliced red onion and fresh oregano sprigs at 425 degrees for 25 to 30 minutes. Serve with a dressing made from pesto thinned with lemon juice and olive oil.
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
Karsten Moran for The New York Times
