Ya (Indic): Difference between revisions

| hbchar = י

| grchar = Ι

| lachar = I, J

| cychar = І, Ї, Ы, Ю

There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ya as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi y.svg|13px|Ya]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad y.svg|13px|Ya]]. The Tocharian Ya [[Image:Tocharian letter ya.gif|18px|Ya]] did not have an alterantealternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ya, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква YА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter YA.svg|15px|Ya]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi y.svg|13px|Ya]], Ya, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the Aramaic [[Yodh]] [[File:Yod.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[I]] and [[J]] and Greek [[Iota]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ya can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

!Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar<br />(~150 BCE) !! Kushana<br />([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat<br />(~250 CE) !! Gupta<br />([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])

==BengaliBangla Ya==

The BengaliBangla script য is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham y.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, य. Unlike most other Indic scripts and like Odia, the Bangla য is pronounced as a [[voiced postalveolar affricate]] (similar to the English "j" sound). The "y" sound is represented by the related letter য়. In addition to this, the inherent vowel of BengaliBangla consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter য will sometimes be transliterated as "yojo" instead of "ya". Adding okaro-kar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /yodʒo/.

|+ BengaliBangla য with vowel marks

! yaja !! yājā !! yiji !! yījī !! yuju !! yūjū !! yrjr !! yr̄jr̄ !! yeje !! yaijai !! yojo !! yaujau !! yj

===য in BengaliBangla-using languages===

য is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major BengaliBangla script orthographies, including [[BengaliBangla alphabet|BengaliBangla]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. <!-- It is also used with a nukta, ়, for foreign borrowings of //.-->

BengaliBangla য exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

====BengaliBangla Ya-phala====

[[File:Bengali Ya-phala.svg|thumb|right|BengaliBangla Ya-phala|100px]]

The letter য has a special form when used as the last letter of a conjunct called "Ya -phala" (or "Jo pholoJô-fôla"). This reduced form of য is appended to the right of the preceding letter or conjunct, with vowel signs falling outside of the ya-phala as in most conjuncts.<ref name="Jain">{{cite book |last1=Jain & Cardona |first1=Danesh & George |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |date=Jul 26, 2007 |publisher=Routledge |page=82 |isbn=9781135797119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&q=Bengali+%22Ya-phala%22&pg=PA82}}</ref> The use of a reduced Ya-phala is similar to the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Ra-phala|Ra-phala]] and [[Va (Indic)#Bengali Va-phala|Va-phala]] forms, which attach to the bottom of a letter or conjunct. Unlike these other reduced consonant forms, ya-phala can be appended to the [[A (Indic)#Bengali A|independent A]] vowel character. In representing BengaliBangla text on computer systems, the [[Zero-width joiner]] is used to suppress formation of ya-phala in certain contexts, as [[Virama|Hasant]] + Ya is realized as ya-phala by default.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and BengaliBangla letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

'''ᔦ''', '''ᔨ''', '''ᔪ''' and '''ᔭ''' are the base characters "Ye", "Yi", "Yo" and "Ya" in the [[Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]]. The bare consonant '''ᔾ''' (Y) is a small version of the A-series letter ᔭ, although the Western Cree letter ᕀ, derived from [[Pitman shorthand]] was the original bare consonant symbol for Y. The character ᔦ is derived from a handwritten form of the Devanagari letter य, without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by mirroring.<ref>Andrew{{cite Dalbyweb (2004:139)|last1=Zui ''Dictionary|title=Writing ofin Languages''</ref><ref>''[httpNorth America — Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |url=https://www.languagegeekthelanguagecloset.com/typography2020/05/29/writing-in-north-america-canadian-aboriginal-syllabics/syl1.html Some|website=The GeneralLanguage AspectsCloset of|access-date=2 theApril Syllabics2023}}</ref> Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer Orthography]encodings,'' Chriscomplex HarveyCanadian 2003</ref>syllabic letters are represented in Unicode with pre-composed characters, rather than with base characters and diacritical marks.

'''Jya''' ('''ଯ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi y.svg|13px|Y]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham y.svg|x15px|Ya]] ''Ya''. Unlike the cognate letter in many other Indic scripts and similar to the Bangla letter, Odia Jya is pronounced as a [[voiced postalveolar affricate]], same as "J" in English. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.