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{{short description|American architect}}
{{Infobox architect
|name=John Lloyd Wright
|image=John Lloyd Wrigh.jpg
|father=[[Frank Lloyd Wright]]▼
|birth_date={{birth date|mf=yes|1892|12|12}}
|birth_place= [[Oak Park, Illinois]],
|death_date={{death date and age|mf=yes|1972|12|20|1892|12|12}}
|death_place= [[Del Mar, California]],
|significant_buildings=
|significant_projects=[[Long Beach, Indiana]]
|parents=[[Frank Lloyd Wright]]<br/>Catherine Tobin
|spouse={{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Jeanette Winters|1913|1920|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Hazel Lundin|1921|1942|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Frances Welch|1946}}
}}▼
|children=[[Elizabeth Wright Ingraham]]
|awards=
|signature=
}}
'''John Lloyd Wright''' (December 12, 1892 – December 20, 1972) was an American [[architect]] and toy inventor. Born in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], Wright was the second-oldest son of famed architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]. John Lloyd Wright became estranged from his father in 1909 and subsequently left his home to join his brother on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]. After unsuccessfully working a series of jobs, he decided to take up the profession of his father in 1912.
John Lloyd Wright took a break from architecture after this falling-out and focused on designing toys. The most successful of these inventions was [[Lincoln Logs]] in 1916, which would later be one of the original inductees into the [[National Toy Hall of Fame]]. In 1923, Wright moved to [[Long Beach,
==Biography==
[[File:Frank Lloyd Wright.jpg|left|thumb|John Lloyd Wright was born and raised in the [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio]] in Oak Park, Illinois.]]
John Lloyd Wright was born on December 12, 1892, while his father, [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], was practicing in [[Chicago]] with [[Adler & Sullivan]]. He was the second-oldest of the six children of Frank Lloyd and Catherine Wright. They lived in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], in what is now known as the [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio]]. John became estranged from his father in 1909, when Frank abandoned his family to be with [[Mamah Borthwick Cheney]]. John was accepted to the [[University of Wisconsin]] shortly after, but soon dropped out. He moved to [[Portland, Oregon]], to get away from his family. He traveled with his elder brother, [[Lloyd Wright]], to [[San Diego]], [[California]], where they worked with the [[Olmstead Brothers]] as they prepared for the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]]. He also sold posters designed by his brother and briefly worked a job pressing pants. Destitute and without direction, he decided to take up the profession of his father and become an architect.<ref name="NRHP">{{citation|last=Garner|first=Kurt West|year=2011|title=John Lloyd Wright in Northwest Indiana|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|url=http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/hp_johnlloydwright.pdf|accessdate=August 9, 2013}}</ref>▼
===Early life===
▲John Lloyd Wright was born on December 12, 1892, while his father, [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], was practicing in [[Chicago]] with [[Adler & Sullivan]]. He was the second-oldest of the six children of Frank Lloyd and Catherine Wright. They lived in [[Oak Park, Illinois]], in what is now known as the [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio]]. John became estranged from his father in 1909, when Frank abandoned his family to be with [[Mamah Borthwick Cheney]]. John was accepted to the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] shortly after, but soon dropped out. He moved to [[Portland, Oregon]], to get away from his family. He traveled with his elder brother, [[Lloyd Wright]], to [[San Diego]], [[California]], where they worked with the [[
===Early architecture===
While walking in San Diego, he saw a sign calling for a draftsman for the Pacific Building Company. Wright was hired and drew architectural details for [[bungalow]]s. He soon realized that he had a talent for the profession and sought out a professional architectural firm. He found a position in the firm of [[Harrison Albright]], one of the preeminent architects in [[Los Angeles]]. Originally acting as a clerk, Wright received his first design commission for a house in [[Escondido, California|Escondido]] in 1912. The design was heavily borrowed from his father's [[Sherman M. Booth House]] in [[Glencoe, Illinois]]. Pleased with the results, Albright gave Wright the opportunity to design the Workingman's Hotel, a three-story building. During the project, Wright worked closely with sculptor [[Alfonso Iannelli]], whom he would befriend. After the hotel was completed, Wright determined that he should receive formal architectural training. He intended to apprentice with [[Vienna Secession]] architect [[Otto Wagner]] in exchange for room and board in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].<ref name="NRHP"/>
[[File:Wright Endo and Hayashi.jpg|right|thumb|From left, John Lloyd Wright, [[Arata Endo]], [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] and Aisaku Hayashi in Japan, designing the Imperial Hotel.]]
After John wrote a letter to his father, asking him for money for a ticket to Vienna, Frank wrote back that John was welcome to train with him. He accepted the opportunity, but struggled under the dominating personality of his father. In 1913, upon completion of [[Taliesin I]], Frank left Chicago for [[Wisconsin]] and placed John in charge of his Chicago office. John oversaw the construction of [[Midway Gardens]], utilizing sculpture from his friend Iannelli. John accompanied his father to [[Japan]] to oversee the design of the [[Imperial Hotel, Tokyo|Imperial Hotel]]. However,
In 1913, John married Jeanette Winters, whom he had met in Los Angeles. He designed a home for them in Chicago they called the Bird Center. Now without an architectural practice, John focused on some of his hobbies, including
===Long Beach and Del Mar===
In 1920, John and Jeanette got divorced and he moved back to the Oak Park studio with his mother. He remarried in 1921 to Hazel Lundin, and they had a child, Elizabeth, in 1922. The next year, the family moved to [[Long Beach, Indiana|Long Beach]], [[Indiana]] so that he could establish his own, independent practice. Wright also opened a second office in the Warren Building in nearby [[Michigan City, Indiana|Michigan City]]. His second child, John Lloyd Wright, Jr., was born in 1925. During this time John's designs began to shift from his father's [[Prairie School]] style to the emerging [[International Style]]. This transition was particularly notable following a 1929 trip to Europe. Aside from houses, Wright was also commissioned to build the local elementary school and town hall. Because Long Beach was populated with wealthy vacationers, Wright was able to receive a steady stream of commissions during the [[Great Depression]]. Wright received two [[Works Progress Administration]] commissions during the depression, including the Arcade Cabins Hotel in [[Indiana Dunes State Park]]. In 1939, a fire devastated Wright's house when his automobile caught fire in his garage. The fire destroyed most of his records and designs. Like his father, Wright fell in love with one of his clients, Frances Welsh, and left his family.<ref name="NRHP"/>▼
In 1920, John and Jeanette divorced; Wright moved back to the Oak Park studio with his mother. He remarried in 1921 to Hazel Lundin, and they had a child, [[Elizabeth Wright Ingraham|Elizabeth]], in 1922.
John sought out his father's former employer, [[Louis Sullivan]], and had a series of conversations which inspired him to practice architecture again.<ref name="NRHP"/> The next year, he and his family moved to [[Long Beach, Indiana|Long Beach]], [[Indiana]], so that he could establish his own, independent practice. Wright also opened a second office in the Warren Building in nearby [[Michigan City, Indiana|Michigan City]]. His second child, John Lloyd Wright, Jr., was born in 1925. During this time John's designs began to shift from his father's [[Prairie School]] style to the emerging [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]]. This transition was particularly notable following a 1929 trip to Europe. Among the houses he designed were the [[Hoover-Timme House]] (1929), [[John and Isabel Burnham House]] (1934), [[Lowell E. and Paula G. Jackson House]] (1938), and [[George and Adele Jaworowski House]] (1945-1946), all listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2013.<ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20130809.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2013-08-09|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 7/29/13 through 8/02/13 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
During World War II residential commissions stopped. Wright did manage to receive a commission to design two buildings for the Kingsbury Ordnance Plant 20 miles south of Long Beach. In 1946, Wright published a biography of his father, ''My Father Who Is on Earth''. Wright and Hazel Lundin were divorced in 1942, and Wright married Frances Welsh in 1946. Wright designed a home for him and his third wife in [[Del Mar, California]], later that year. He also resumed his architectural toy designs, designing Wright Blocks and Timber Toys. He designed nearly four dozen houses in California until his death on December 20, 1972, eight days after his eightieth birthday.<ref name="NRHP"/><ref>{{cite web|last=York|first=Keith|publisher=Save Our Heritage Organisation|title= Frank Lloyd Wright's Legacy in San Diego|url=http://sohosandiego.org/reflections/2006-1/wrightlegacy.htm|accessdate=August 9, 2013}}</ref>▼
▲
▲During World War II, residential commissions stopped. Wright did manage to receive a commission to design two buildings for the Kingsbury Ordnance Plant 20 miles south of Long Beach. In 1946, Wright published a biography of his father, ''My Father Who Is on Earth''. Wright and Hazel Lundin were divorced in 1942, and Wright married Frances Welsh in 1946. Wright designed a home for him and his third wife in [[Del Mar, California]], later that year. He also resumed his architectural toy designs, designing Wright Blocks and Timber Toys. He designed nearly four dozen houses in California until his death on December 20, 1972, eight days after his eightieth birthday.<ref name="NRHP"/><ref>{{cite web|last=York|first=Keith|publisher=Save Our Heritage Organisation|title= Frank Lloyd Wright's Legacy in San Diego|url=http://sohosandiego.org/reflections/2006-1/wrightlegacy.htm|
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* Wright, John Lloyd. ''My Father Who Is On Earth''. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons, 1946. {{ISBN|0-8093-1749-4}}
==External links==
*[http://www.
{{Frank Lloyd Wright}}▼
▲{{Authority control|VIAF=101093572}}
▲}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, John Lloyd}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
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[[Category:American inventors]]
[[Category:Architects from Illinois]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Toy inventors]]
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