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{{Short description|Ancient marble krater}}
The '''Borghese Vase''' is a monumental [[krater]]<!--The Louvre incorrectly calls it a kylix--> sculpted in [[Athens]] from [[Penteli]]c [[marble]] in the second half of the 1st century AD as a [[garden ornament]] for the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] market.<ref>[http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225856&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225856&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500817&bmUID=1139402961902&bmLocale=en The Louvre]</ref> <ref>[http://www.mallett.co.uk/items/bm0887.htm C19 bronze copy of the Borghese Vase]</ref>▼
[[Image:Vase Borghese - Musée du Louvre Antiquités Grecques Étrusques et romaines Ma 86.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Borghese Vase in the Daru Gallery, [[Louvre Museum]]]]
▲The '''Borghese Vase''' is a monumental bell-shaped [[krater]]<!--The Louvre incorrectly calls it a kylix--> sculpted in [[Athens]] from [[Penteli]]c [[marble]] in the second half of the 1st century
==Original==
It depicts a [[Bacchanalian]] procession, said to depict [[satyr]]s and [[maenad]]s accompanying [[Dionysus]] and [[Ariadne]]. However, the figures said to be satyrs have neither the common characteristics of cloven feet nor equine tails flowing to the floor as typically shown on Greek pottery and others refer to the figures as [[Sileni]]. The draped figures are often said to be [[Maenads]] but are clearly not: Maenads are females who accompany Dionysus but on the vase a draped male figure is depicted. One of the figures is shown being anointed, typically a symbolic act of divinity, leading to the interpretation of some of the figures as [[Apollo]] and [[http://www.educnet.education.fr/musagora/dionysos/dionysosen/attributs.htm Dionysus]] rescuing [[Silenus]] who is shown falling down reaching for a spilled flagon of wine. This scene on the vase corresponds to the saying "The Gods look after children and drunken men" which has been passed down orally through many generations. Many copies of the vase do not correctly depict the scene, replacing Dionysus with a female figure on the wrongful assumption that a sexual act is in progress. ▼
===Iconography===
Standing 1.72 metres tall and with a diameter of 1.35 m., the vase has a deep frieze with bas-reliefs and an everted [[gadroon]]ed lip over a gadrooned lower section, where paired satyrs' heads mark the former placement of loop handles;<ref>The form of the bell krater with its upturned loop handles had been standardized in Attic pottery since the fifth century. The similar [[Medici Vase]] retains its handles springing up from the heads.</ref> it stands on a spreading fluted stem with a [[Wire rope|cabled]] motif round its base, on a low [[octagon]]al [[plinth]].
▲
The vase was rediscovered in the [[gardens of Sallust]] in [[Rome]] in 1566 and acquired by the [[Borghese]] family. [[Napoleon]] bought it from his brother-in-law [[Camillo Borghese]] in 1808, and it has been displayed in the [[Louvre]] since 1811.▼
===Rediscovery===
[[File:Vase in the sky of Versailles.JPG|thumbnail|Vase in Borghese style at the [[gardens of Versailles]]
]]
▲The vase was rediscovered in a Roman garden that occupied part of the site of the [[gardens of Sallust]]<ref>In the garden of Carlo Muti, where it was found together with the ''Silenus with the Infant Bacchus'', according to notes compiled by Flaminio Vacca in
In his [[Capriccio (art)|capriccio]] shown below, the French artist [[Hubert Robert]] embellished and enlarged the Borghese Vase for dramatic effect and set it, in atmospherically ruinous condition, on the [[Aventine Hill|Aventine]] overlooking the [[Colosseum]], a position it never occupied. Robert also painted it in several other settings, including the gardens of [[Versailles]] (''L'entrée du Tapis Vert'') with [[Marie Antoinette]] and [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]].<ref>Grasselli, Margaret Morgan, Yuriko Jackall, ''et al''., ''Hubert Robert'', The National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2016.</ref>
==Copies==
[[Image:HRobertBorgheseVase.jpg|thumb|300px|''Capriccio: draughtsman sketching the Borghese Vase'', red chalk, [[Hubert Robert]], c. 1775]]
Often paired and rescaled to balance the slightly smaller [[Medici Vase]], it is one of the most admired and influential marble vases from antiquity, forms that satisfied the [[Baroque]] and [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] approach to [[classical art]] alike. Three pairs were copied for the ''Bassin de Latone'' in the [[gardens of Versailles]]; alabaster pairs stand in the Great Hall at [[Houghton Hall]], Norfolk; and bronze ones at [[Osterley Park]], Middlesex. On a reduced scale, the vases made admirable [[Wine accessory|wine cooler]]s in silver, or in silver-gilt, as [[Paul Storr]] delivered them to [[George IV of the United Kingdom|the Prince Regent]] in 1808 (Haskell and Penny 1981:315). [[John Flaxman]] based a bas-relief on the frieze of the Borghese Vase ([[Sir John Soane's Museum]], London). As decorative objects they have been reproduced through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries<ref>[http://www.mallettantiques.com/directors_choice/medici.htm C19 marble copies of the Borghese Vase] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213165855/http://www.mallettantiques.com/directors_choice/medici.htm |date=2006-02-13 }}</ref> and remain popular subjects for imitation in [[bronze]] or [[porcelain]], for example in [[Coade stone]] (a reduced-size Coade stone example dating from 1770-1771 stands in the Temple of Flora at Stourhead),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5439182|title = Geograph:: Temple of Flora, Stourhead Estate © David Dixon cc-by-sa/2.0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/562904|title = The Borghese Vase 562904}}</ref> and also in jasper ware by [[Josiah Wedgwood]] (c. 1790), who adapted the form of the Medici Vase for the bas-reliefs and provided it with a lid and a [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] drum pedestal.
==References ==
{{reflist}}
[[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/wedgwood/borghese_vase.asp Wedgewood copy of the Borghese Vase]]<br>▼
==Sources==
[[http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/borghese_vase.jpg Image of the Borghese vase showing male mortal next to female playing the Lyre]]<br>▼
*Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, 1981. ''Taste and the Antique: the Lure of Classical Sculpture 1500-1900'' (Yale University Press) Cat. no. 81.
==External links==
{{Commons category|Borghese Vase}}
*{{in lang|fr}} [http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=car_not_frame&idNotice=26086 Louvre Database entry]
[[Category:Ancient Greek sculpture]]▼
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{{Louvre Museum}}
[[Category:1st-century BC Greek sculptures]]
[[Category:1566 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Borghese antiquities]]
[[Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures in the Louvre]]
[[Category:Hellenistic and Roman sculptural vases]]
[[Category:Hellenistic-style Roman sculptures]]
[[Category:Garden vases|Borghese]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy]]
[[Category:Dionysus in art]]
[[Category:Ariadne]]
[[Category:Silenus]]
[[Category:Apollo in art]]
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