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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Princess Yongtai<br />永泰公主
| image = Court Ladies of the Tang.jpg
[[File:Court| Ladiescaption of the Tang.jpg|thumb |right | = Tang court ladies from a mural in Li Xianhui's tomb. The actual murals have been replaced by replicas, as the originals are now kept in the [[Shaanxi History Museum]] to better preserve them.<ref name= "tomb of princess yongtai">[http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/qianling/yongtai.htm The Tomb of Princess Yongtai]. TravelChinaGuide. Retrieved 2008-02-11.</ref><ref>{{citation | title = Shaanxi History Museum | url = http://www.sxhm.com/e_Products3.asp?SignID=53 | access-date = 2016-11-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050504062822/http://www.sxhm.com/e_Products3.asp?SignID=53 | archive-date = 2005-05-04 | url-status = dead }}.</ref>]]▼
| caption =
| birth_date = 685
| death_date = {{death date and age|701|10|9|685}}
| death_place =
| burial_place = [[Qianling Mausoleum]], [[Shaanxi]]
| spouse = Wu Yanji, Prince of Wei
| issue =
| full name = [[Chinese surname|Family name]]: Li<br/>Given name: Xianhui<br/> [[Courtesy name]]: Nonghui
| posthumous name =
| house = [[Tang Dynastydynasty|House of Li]]
| house-type = Clan
| father = [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang]]
| mother = [[Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)|Empress Wei]]
}}
'''Princess Yongtai''' ({{zh|c=永泰公主|w=Yung-t'ai}}), born '''Li Xianhui''' ({{zh|c=李仙蕙|p=Lǐ Xiānhuì}}); 685 &ndash; October 9, 701<ref name=tombstone>[http://www.douban.com/note/186546751/ ''Tombstone of the Deceased Princess Yongtai of Tang''].</ref><ref name=AS>[[Academia Sinica]] [http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw [[Academia Sinica]] Chinese-Western Calendar Converter].</ref>), [[courtesy name]] '''Nonghui''' (穠輝), was a princess of the [[Tang Dynastydynasty]].▼
▲[[File:Court Ladies of the Tang.jpg|thumb |right |Tang court ladies from a mural in Li Xianhui's tomb. The actual murals have been replaced by replicas, as the originals are now kept in the [[Shaanxi History Museum]] to better preserve them.<ref name= "tomb of princess yongtai">[http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/qianling/yongtai.htm The Tomb of Princess Yongtai]. TravelChinaGuide. Retrieved 2008-02-11.</ref><ref>{{citation | title = Shaanxi History Museum | url = http://www.sxhm.com/e_Products3.asp?SignID=53}}.</ref>]]
 
▲'''Princess Yongtai''' ({{zh|c=永泰公主|w=Yung-t'ai}}), born '''Li Xianhui''' ({{zh|c=李仙蕙|p=Lǐ Xiānhuì}}); 685 &ndash; October 9, 701<ref name=tombstone>[http://www.douban.com/note/186546751/ ''Tombstone of the Deceased Princess Yongtai of Tang''].</ref><ref name=AS>[http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw [[Academia Sinica]] Chinese-Western Calendar Converter].</ref>), [[courtesy name]] '''Nonghui''' (穠輝), was a princess of the [[Tang Dynasty]].
 
==Biography==
Li was the seventh daughter of [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang]] and the second daughter of [[Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)|Empress Wei]]. She married Wu Yanji (武延基), Prince of Wei, a grandnephew of [[Wu Zetian]].<ref name=kk>{{cite web | url=https://kknews.cc/history/5o96rk.html | title=關於大唐最美公主——永泰公主李仙蕙死因的解析 | trans-title=On the most beautiful Tang princess: resolving the Princess Yongtai Li Xianhui's cause of death | language=Chinese | date=25 August 2016 | access-date=14 March 2017 | publisher=KK News}}</ref>
 
==Death==
The cause of LiPrincess Yongtai's death is widely disputed. OneAccording report states thatto [[WuPrince ZetianYide|her brother]],'s whobiography hadin deposedboth Zhongzongthe afterOld aand briefNew reign, heardBooks of remarksTang, thatshe, Liher supposedly madehusband and had her floggedbrother were found to death,have orcriticised alternativelyWu sheZetian's waslovers made[[Zhang toYizhi hangand herselfZhang Changzong]] and were caned to death. HerIn husbandthe and''Zizhi [[LiTongjian'', Chongrun|elderthe brother]]three were alsoforced to commit executedsuicide. In contrast, the epitaph from her tomb states that she died in [[childbirth]]. After Wu Zetian's death, when her father again came to the throne, she and her brother were reburied in grand tombs in the [[Qianling Mausoleum]] in 705.<ref>Watson, 136; Hay, 51</ref>
 
==Tomb==
[[File:Prinsessan Yongtais grav.JPG|thumb|left|Tomb ante-chamber, the burial chamber with the stone sarcophagus are beyond]]
Li's tomb was discovered in 1960, and excavated from 1964. Among the [[Qianling Mausoleum]] burials, Li's is the largest belonging to a woman.{{sfnp|Wang|2003|p=59}} It had been robbed in the past, probably soon after the burial, and items in precious materials taken, but the thieves had not bothered with the over 800 [[Tang dynasty tomb figures|pottery tomb figures]], and the extensive frescoes were untouched. The robbers had left in a hurry, leaving silver items scattered around, and the corpse of one of their number. The tomb had a flattened pyramid rising 12 metres above ground, and a long sloping entrance tunnel lined with frescoes, leading to an ante-chamber and the tomb chamber itself, 12 metres below ground level with a high domed roof.<ref>Watson, 136-141, Hay, ''passim'' throughout</ref> Most of the contents, including the frescoes, are now in the [[Shaanxi History Museum]].
 
The frescoes depicted the [[Four Symbols (China)|four deities]], ceremonial weaponry, daily life in the imperial court, and [[Chinese constellations|celestial bodies]]. The tomb also provides an example of [[Tang dynasty]] architecture, with depictions of buildings and [[Caisson (Asian architecture)|caisson motifs]].{{sfnp|Wang|2003|p=59-64}} The main subject of the frescoes is women, the majority of whom are shown without make-up and wearing no jewellery.{{sfnp|Wang|2003|p=64}} There are also several carved human figures, who seem to be [[ladies-in-waiting]].{{sfnp|Wang|2003|p=67}}
 
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Tomb of Princess Yongtai (9906232275).jpg|Paintings from the wall of the tomb.
File:Tomb of Princess Yongtai (9906286096).jpg|Roof of the tomb.
File:Stone tomb of Princess Yongtai, Qianling Museum.jpg|Stone sarcophagus of Princess Yongtai (side view, reproduction), Qianling Museum. Designed as a stone house with hip-and-gable roof, it is comparable to the sarcophagus of [[Li Jingxun]], although much larger with a surface of 40 square meters.<ref>[[:File:Stone Coffin Reproduction (9909570005).jpg|Qianlong Museum notice]]</ref><ref name="MW">{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Mandy Jui-man |title=Exotic Goods as Mortuary Display in Sui Dynasty Tombs--A Case Study of Li Jingxun's Tomb |journal=Sino-Platonic Papers |date=2004 |volume=142 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25641263}}</ref>
File:Epitaph of Li Xianhui.jpg|Epitaph of Princess Yongtai
</gallery>
 
==See also==
*[[List of unsolved deaths]]
 
==Notes==
Line 42 ⟶ 50:
| date=2010 | pages=16–54
| publisher=Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard
| doi=10.1086/RESvn1ms25769971
| JSTOR=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25769971
| jstor=25769971
| s2cid=193597856
}}
*{{cite journal
|last1=Wang 王| first1=Xiaoli 晓莉
|title=永泰公主墓壁画题材及艺术特色 | trans-title=Artistic characteristics and topics in the murals of the Princess Yongtai's tomb
| language=Chinese
Line 52 ⟶ 62:
}}
*{{cite book
| last1=Watson
| first1=William
| author-link=William Watson (sinologist)
| title=The Genius of China: An exhibition of archaeological finds of the People's Republic of china held at the Royal Academy, London by permission of the President and Council from 29 September 1973 to 23 January 1974
| date=1973
| publisher=Times Newspapers Ltd
| location=London
| isbn=0723001073
| url-access=registration
| url=https://archive.org/details/chineseexhibitio00roya
}}
== External links ==
 
{{commons category|Princess Yongtai's tomb}}
{{Authority control}}
 
Line 64 ⟶ 80:
[[Category:685 births]]
[[Category:701 deaths]]
[[Category:Tang dynasty princesses]]▼
[[Category:Chinese royalty who committed suicide]]▼
[[Category:Executed royalty]]▼
[[Category:Executed Chinese women]]
[[Category:8th-century executions by the Tang dynasty]]
[[Category:Deaths in childbirth]]
[[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
▲[[Category:Executed royaltyChinese women]]
▲[[Category:ChineseExecuted royalty who committed suicide]]
[[Category:Suicides in the Tang dynasty]]
▲[[Category:Tang dynasty princesses]]
[[Category:Unsolved deaths in China]]
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