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| birth_name = John Robert McNeill
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|10|06}}
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]],
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->
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'''John Robert McNeill''' (born October 6, 1954) is an American [[environmental history|environmental historian]], author, and professor at [[Georgetown University]]. He is best known for "pioneering the study of environmental history".<ref name="iken">{{cite news|author1=G. John Ikenberry|author-link1=John Ikenberry|title=Capsule Review: The Human Web: A Bird's-Eye View of World History|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2003-05-01/human-web-birds-eye-view-world-history|access-date=1 February 2018|work=Foreign Affairs|date=May–June 2003}}</ref> In 2000 he published ''Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World'', which argues that [[Human impact on the environment|human activity during the 20th century led to environmental changes on an unprecedented scale]], primarily due to the energy system built around [[fossil fuels]].
==Life and career==
McNeill was born on October 6, 1954, in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. His father was the noted [[University of Chicago]] historian [[William H. McNeill (historian)|William H. McNeill]], with whom he published a book, ''The Human Web: A Bird's-eye View of World History'', in 2003.<ref name = "uchicago">{{cite news
McNeill received his BA from [[Swarthmore College]] in 1975, then went on to [[Duke University]] where he completed his MA in 1977 and his PhD in 1981.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|title=John McNeill|url=https://sfs.georgetown.edu/faculty-bio/john-mcneill/|website=Walsh School of Foreign Service|publisher=Georgetown University|access-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012334/https://sfs.georgetown.edu/faculty-bio/john-mcneill/|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1985 he became a faculty member at [[Georgetown University]], where he serves in both the History Department and the [[Walsh School of Foreign Service]]. From 2003 he held the Cinco Hermanos Chair in Environmental History and International Affairs, until he was appointed a University Professor in 2006. He has written 7 books and edited or co-edited 17. He has held two [[Fulbright Award]]s, a [[Guggenheim fellowship]], a [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Grant]], and a fellowship at the [[Woodrow Wilson Center]]. He was president of the [[American Society for Environmental History]] (2011–13) and headed the Research Division of the [[American Historical Association]], as one of its three Vice Presidents (2012–15).<ref name="bio"/> He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017, awarded the Heineken Prize in History in 2018, and served as
==Research==
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McNeill focuses on [[environmental history]], a field in which he has been recognized as a pioneer.<ref name="iken"/> In 2000, he published his best-known book, ''Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World'', which argues that human activity during the 20th century led to environmental change on an unprecedented scale. He notes that before 1900, human activity did change environments, but not on the scale witnessed in the 20th century. His analysis of the reasons behind the scale of modern environmental change foregrounds fossil fuels, population growth, technological changes, and the pressures of international politics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Martin W.|title=Reviewed Work: ''Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World'' by J. R. McNeill|journal=Geographical Review|date=January 2000|volume=90|issue=1|pages=147–149|doi=10.2307/216186| jstor =216186 }}</ref> His tone has been praised for being dispassionate, impartial, and lacking the moral outrage that often accompanies books about the environment.<ref name="dick">{{cite news|last1=Teresi|first1=Dick|title=It's Been Hell on Earth|url = https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/06/25/reviews/000625.25teresit.html |access-date=1 February 2018|work=New York Times|date=25 June 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Richard N. Cooper|author-link1=Richard N. Cooper|title=Capsule Review: Something New Under the Sun|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2000-07-01/something-new-under-sun-environmental-history-twentieth-century|access-date=1 February 2018|work=Foreign Affairs|date=July–August 2000}}</ref><ref name="soluri">{{cite journal|last1=Soluri|first1=John|title=Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (review)|url= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/18119 |journal=Journal of Social History|date=Fall 2002|volume=36|issue=1|pages=183–185|doi=10.1353/jsh.2002.0109|s2cid=145114354}}</ref>
In 2010, he published ''Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620–1914'', where he argues that ecological changes brought by a transition to a sugar plantation economy increased the scope for mosquito-borne diseases like [[yellow fever]] and [[malaria]], and that "differential resistance" between local and European populations shaped the arc of [[History of the Caribbean|Caribbean history]]. Specifically, he says that it helps explain how [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spain]] was able to protect its Caribbean colonies from its European rivals for so long and also why [[Spanish Empire|imperial Spain]], France, and [[British colonization of the Americas|Britain]] ultimately lost their mainland empires in revolutionary wars in the Americas late 18th and early 19th centuries.<ref>{{cite news | title=Malarial mosquitoes helped defeat British in battle that ended Revolutionary War | author1 = J. R. McNeill | date= 18 October 2010 |
In 2016 McNeill and co-author Peter Engelke published ''The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene Since 1945''. The "[[Great Acceleration]]" of the title refers to the initial decades of the [[Anthropocene]], which is a proposed era of greater human interference in the Earth's [[ecology]].<ref name="wapo">{{cite news|author1=Peter Engelke|author2=J.R. McNeill|title=Earth Day: Are we at the beginning of a new geological era?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-new-version-of-earth/2016/04/21/4cc841dc-055d-11e6-b283-e79d81c63c1b_story.html|access-date=1 February 2018|
==Awards and honors==
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* 2018: [[Dr A.H. Heineken Prize]], [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
* 2019 American Society for Environmental History, Distinguished Scholar Award
* 2021 elected to the Academia Europaea
==Bibliography==
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* With Peter Engelke. ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Great_Acceleration.html?id=9JG-CwAAQBAJ The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene Since 1945]''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016, {{ISBN|978-0-674-54503-8}}.
* ''The Webs of Humankind: A World History''. New York: W.W. Norton, 2020 (2 vols.) {{ISBN|978-0-393-42877-3}}
* With Philip Morgan, Matthew Mulcahy and Stuart Schwartz. Sea & Land: An Environmental History of the Caribbean. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. ISBN 9780197555453
===Articles===
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* {{cite journal |author=McNeill, J. R. |title=Observations on the nature and culture of environmental history |journal=History and Theory |date=December 2003 |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=5–43 <!--|doi=10.1046/j.1468-2303.2003.00255.x |jstor=3590677-->|doi=10.1046/j.1468-2303.2003.00255.x }}
* With [[Verena Winiwarter]]. {{cite journal|title=Breaking the Sod: Humankind, History, and Soil|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=11 June 2004|volume=304|issue=5677|pages=1627–1629|doi=10.1126/science.1099893|pmid=15192217|last1=McNeill|first1=J. R.|last2=Winiwarter|first2=V.|bibcode=2004Sci...304.1627M|s2cid=22262504}}
* With [[Will Steffen]] and [[Paul J. Crutzen]]. {{cite journal|title=The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature|journal=Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment|date=December 2007|volume=36|issue=8|pages=614–621|doi=10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5610815|last1=Steffen|first1=Will|last2=Crutzen|first2=Paul J.|last3=McNeill|first3=John R.|pmid=18240674|hdl=1885/29029|s2cid=16218015 |hdl-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|title=The Anthropocene: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A|date=2011|volume=369|issue=1938|pages=842–867|doi= 10.1098/rsta.2010.0327| url= http://www.uvm.edu/~jfarley/EEseminar/readings/Anthropocene.pdf|last1=Steffen|first1=W.|last2=Grinevald|first2=J.|last3=Crutzen|first3=P.|last4=McNeill|first4=J.|pmid=21282150|bibcode=2011RSPTA.369..842S|s2cid=190418}}
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[[Category:Historians from Illinois]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:World historians]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Europaea]]
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