Jakarta Servlet: Difference between revisions

Servlets can maintain [[state (computer science)|state]] in [[session (computer science)|session]] variables across many server transactions by using [[HTTP cookie]]s, or [[URL mapping]]. The application can keep track of session and cookies by using sessions and cookies.{{sfn | Murach | Urban | 2014 | loc=§2 Essential servlet and JSP skills | p=87}}. There are several ways forof creating a servlet and using URL mapping forwith a servlet. Before servlet 3.0 specification (Tomcat 7.0), configuring the web.xml to map a servlet to a URL was the only option. For applications using the servlet 3.0 specification or later, the <code>@WebServlet</code> annotation can be used to map any servlet to one or more URL patterns.

While the direct usage of servlets to generate HTML (as shown in the example below) has become rare, the higher level MVC web framework in Jakarta EE ([[Jakarta Server Faces|JSFFaces]]) still explicitly uses the servlet technology for the low level request/response handling via the {{Javadoc:EE|javax/faces/webapp|FacesServlet}}.

The Java Servlet API was first publicly announced at the inaugural [[JavaOne]] conference in May 1996.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Freedman |first1=Matt |date=1996-06-26 |df=mdy |title=JavaOne conference report |url=https://www.javaworld.com/article/2077172/java-se/javaone-conference-report.html |website=[[JavaWorld]] |access-date=2018-07-25 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726071907/https://www.javaworld.com/article/2077172/java-se/javaone-conference-report.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last1=Diwanji |first1=Pavani |last2=Connelly |first2=Dave |last3=Wagle |first3=Prasad |date=1996-05-29 |df=mdy |chapter=Java Server and Servlets |title=Servers and Server Extensions |conference=[[JavaOne]] 1996 |chapter-url=http://java.sun.com:80/javaone/javaone96/pres/ServExt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816161328/http://java.sun.com/javaone/javaone96/pres/ServExt.pdf |archive-date=2000-08-16 |access-date=2020-02-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> About two months after the announcements at the conference, the first public implementation was made available on the JavaSoft website. This was the first alpha of the Java Web Server (JWS; then known by its codename ''Jeeves'')<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Phil Inje | date=1997-07-01 |df=mdy |title=Interview: The Java Web Server team gives you the skinny |url=https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076980/interview--the-java-web-server-team-gives-you-the-skinny.html |website=[[JavaWorld]] |access-date=2018-07-25 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726071912/https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076980/interview--the-java-web-server-team-gives-you-the-skinny.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which would eventually be shipped as a product on June 5, 1997.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Phil Inje | date=1997-06-01 |df=mdy |title=Java Web Server ships! |url=https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076965/java-web-server-ships-.html |website=[[JavaWorld]] |access-date=2018-07-25 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726071909/https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076965/java-web-server-ships-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In his blog on [[java.net]], Sun veteran and [[GlassFish]] lead Jim Driscoll details the history of servlet technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://community.oracle.com/blogs/driscoll/2005/12/10/servlet-history|title=Servlet History &#124; community.oracle.com|date=2005-12-10|publisher=Weblogs.java.net|access-date=2013-06-14|archive-date=2020-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815055946/https://community.oracle.com/blogs/driscoll/2005/12/10/servlet-history|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[James Gosling]] first thought of servlets in the early days of [[Java (programming language)|Java]], but the concept did not become a product until December 1996 when Sun shipped JWS.<ref name="Hunter200003">{{cite conference |last1=Hunter |first1=Jason |date=March 2000 |chapter=Servlet Timeline |title=Beyond Java Servlet Programming |conference=O'Reilly Conference on Java |chapter-url=ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/conference/java/Hunter_J/orabeyond.ppt |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Java Web Server |url=http://jserv.javasoft.com:80/products/java-server/webserver/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980111053338/http://jserv.javasoft.com/products/java-server/webserver/index.html |archive-date=1998-01-11 |website=Javasoft |publisher=[[Sun Microsystems]] |access-date=2020-02-01 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Java Web Server(tm) |url=http://sun.com:80/software/jwebserver/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020206000714/http://sun.com/software/jwebserver/index.html |archive-date=2002-02-06 |publisher=[[Sun Microsystems]] |access-date=2020-02-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was before what is now the [[Jakarta EE]] was made into a specification.