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{{short description|Australian journalist and Chief Justice of Fiji}}
{{Use Australian English|date=OctoberAugust 20192021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 20142021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
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|religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lyons|first1=Mark|last2=Nothing|first2=Marion|title=St Julian, Charles James Herbert de Courcy (1819–1874)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/st-julian-charles-james-herbert-de-courcy-4530|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref>
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'''Charles James Herbert de Courcy St Julian''' (10 May 1819 – 26 November 1874) was a journalist, newspaper owner-editor and the first [[Chief Justice of Fiji]].<ref name=ADB>{{cite webbook|last1=Lyons|first1=Mark|last2=Nothing|first2=Marion|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|chapter=St Julian, Charles James Herbert de Courcy (1819–1874) |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/st-julian-charles-james-herbert-de-courcy-4530 |websitepublisher=AustralianNational DictionaryCentre of Biography, Australian National University |accessdateaccess-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
 
St Julian's obituary records that he was born in [[France]] but other sources suggest London in 1818.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30943224 |title=Death of the late Chief Justice of Fiji. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=22 December 1874 |accessdate=26 August 2014 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> He claimed to be the son of Thomas St Julian, French army officer, and his wife Marian, ''née'' Blackwell. However, the Australian academic, Marion Diamond, in her biography of St Julian, claims that he deliberately obscured his origins and that it is likely that his real name was Charles Trout and that his initial training was as a wood and ivory carver.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Diamond|first1=Marion|title=Creative Meddler, The Life and Fantasies of Charles St Julian|date=1990|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|isbn=0522844235|page=5}}</ref>
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St Julian emigrated to [[Adelaide]] in 1837, proceeding in 1839 to [[Sydney]], where he wrote for ''[[The Australasian Chronicle]]'', and subsequently for the ''[[Commercial Journal and Advertiser]]''.<ref name=Mennell/> In 1843 he joined the staff of ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', which he left four years later for ''[[The Sydney Chronicle]]'', afterwards known as the ''Free Press''. In 1849 he rejoined ''The Sydney Morning Herald''.
 
St Julian participated in municipal politics, serving on the [[Waverley Municipal Council|Waverley]] council in 1860 and as its chairman in 1861. He went on to serve as an [[alderman]] on the [[Marrickville Council|Marrickville]] Borough Council from 1868 to 1871, and as Mayor from 1868-1869 and again in 1871. In February 1870, he became a magistrate.<ref>{{cite web|last1name=Lyons|first1=Mark|last2=Nothing|first2=Marion|title=St Julian, Charles James Herbert de Courcy (1819–1874)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/st-julian-charles-james-herbert-de-courcy-4530|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|accessdate=1 November 2015}}<ADB/ref>
 
In 1849, St Julian was appointed the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]]'s Consul in Sydney by King [[Kamehameha III]] and Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Robert Crichton Wyllie]]. On August 4, 1853, he was appointed as "His Majesty's Commissioner, and Political and Commercial Agent to the Kings, Chiefs and Rulers of the Islands in the Pacific Ocean, not under the protection or sovereignty of any European Government". In 1859, he was appointed as "His Hawaiian Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires and Consul General to the Kings and Ruling Chiefs of the Independent States and Tribes in Polynesia South of the Equator". Corresponding with Wylie on many grandiose ideas to extend Hawaii's power in Oceania, he accomplished nothing significant but later inspired King [[Kalākaua]]'s vision of a Polynesian confederacy in the 1880s.<ref name="Kuykendall1967">{{cite book|last=Kuykendall|first=Ralph S.|title=The Hawaiian Kingdom: 1874-1893, the Kalakaua dinastydynasty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41gjgT5C0K8C&pg=PA306|year=1967|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-87022-433-1|pages=305–308}}</ref><ref name="Gonschor2019">{{cite book|last=Gonschor|first=Lorenz|title=A Power in the World: The Hawaiian Kingdom in Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VnGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|date=30 June 2019|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-8018-7|page=50}}</ref>
 
St. Julian remained as Law Reporter for the ''Herald'' until 1872, when [[Monarchy of Fiji|King]] [[Seru Epenisa Cakobau]] appointed him Chief Justice of Fiji. When Fiji became a British colony in 1874, [[Governor of Fiji|Governor]] [[Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead|Sir Hercules Robinson]] proposed an annual pension of £200 for him,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Great Britain, Parliament.|first1=House of Commons|title=Sir Hercules Robinson, K.C.M.G., to the Earl of Carnavon|url=https://books.google.co.nzcom/books?id=QixcAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA50&lpg=RA1-PA50&dqq=%22Charles+St+Julian%22+%2B+%22children%22&sourcepg=bl&ots=DPsnRQWmJ0&sig=3W2I8pDchjuxTWfujU7q8xb60qw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBmoVChMIt6ftrZHvyAIVQeJjCh0wWgC8#v=onepage&q=%22Charles%20St%20Julian%22%20%2B%20%22children%22&f=falseRA1-PA50|website=Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, Volume 52|year=1875|accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref> but he died near [[Levuka]], Fiji on 26 November 1874.<ref name=Mennell>{{cite Australasia|St. Julian, Charles James Herbert}}</ref>
 
==Personal life==
St Julian was a [[Roman Catholic]]. He married Eleanor Heffernan at [[St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney|St Mary's Cathedral]], Sydney, on 26 November 1839. She died on 28 August 1861. On 10 January 1863, he remarried, to Eliza Winifred Hawkesley, the daughter of the radical editor of the [[People's Advocate and New South Wales Vindicator]], Edward John Hawksley.<ref>{{cite web|last1name=Lyons|first1=Mark|last2=Nothing|first2=Marion|title=St Julian, Charles James Herbert de Courcy (1819–1874)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/st-julian-charles-james-herbert-de-courcy-4530|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|accessdate=1 November 2015}}<ADB/ref> Altogether, he had fifteen children — nine with Eleanor and six with Eliza.<ref name="geni.com">{{cite web|title=SIR CHARLES Janies Herbert De Coucy St. Julian|url=http://www.geni.com/people/SIR-CHARLES-St-Julian/6000000015776639486|website=Geni|accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref>
 
==References==
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[[Category:1874 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian journalists]]
[[Category:Male19th-century journalistsAustralian male writers]]
[[Category:Chief Justicesjustices of Fiji]]
[[Category:Australian emigrants to Fiji]]
[[Category:Journalists from London]]
[[Category:PeopleLawyers from Sydney]]
[[Category:Colony of Fiji judges]]
[[Category:Mayors of Waverley, New South Wales]]
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[[Category:19th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:British emigrants to Australia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Hawaiithe Hawaiian Kingdom]]
[[Category:The Sydney Morning Herald people]]
[[Category:Australian male journalists]]
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