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[[File:Branle d'Ossau.jpg|thumb|250px|''Branle d'Ossau'' by Alfred Dartiguenave, 1855–1856]]
 
A '''branle''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|æ|n|əl|,_|ˈ|b|r|ɑː|l}} {{respell|BRAN|əl|,_|BRAHL}}, {{IPA-|fr|bʁɑ̃l|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-branle.wav}}), also '''bransle''', '''brangle''', '''brawl''', ('''brawlee'''), '''brall'''('''e)'''), '''braul'''('''e)'''), '''brando''' (in Italy), '''bran''' (in Spain), or '''brantle''' (in Scotland), is a type of [[France|French]] [[dance]] popular from the early 16th century to the present, danced by couples in either a [[Line dance|line]] or a [[Circle dance|circle]]. The term also refers to the music and the characteristic step of the dance.
 
==History==
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There were several well-established branle suites of up to ten dances; the ''Branles de Champagne'', the ''Branles de Camp'', the ''Branles de Hainaut'' and the ''Branles d'Avignon''. Arbeau named these suites ''branles coupés'', which literally means "cut" or "intersected" branles but is usually translated as "mixed branles".{{sfn|Arbeau|1967|pp=137, 203 n93}} Antonius de Arena mentions mixed branles (''{{lang|es|branlos decopatos}}'') in his [[Macaronic language|macaronic]] treatise ''Ad suos compagnones''.{{sfn|Arena|1986|pp=20–1}}
 
By 1623 such suites had been standardized into a set of six dances: ''premier branslebranle'', ''branslebranle gay'', ''branslebranle de Poictou'' (also called ''branle à mener''), ''branslebranle double de Poictou'', ''cinquiesme branslebranle'' (by 1636 named ''branle de Montirandé''), and a concluding ''gavotte''.{{r|Semmens1997_36}} A variant is found in the ''Tablature de mandore'' (Paris, 1629) by François, Sieur de Chancy. A suite of seven dances collectively titled ''Branles de Boccan'' begins with a ''branle du Baucane'', composed by the dancing master and violinist [[Jacques Cordier]], known as "Bocan", followed by a second, untitled branle then the ''branle gay'', ''branle de Poictu'', ''branle double de Poictu'', ''branle de Montirandé'' and ''la gavotte''.{{r|Tyler1981_26}}
 
===The fame of the branle===
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*[[Igor Stravinsky]] includes a Bransle Simple, Bransle Gay, and Bransle de Poitou (Double) in his ''[[Agon (ballet)|Agon]]'' (1957).
*The air of Arbeau's "Branle de l'Official" was adapted for the 20th-century English Christmas carol "[[Ding Dong Merrily on High]]".
*The [[Capriol Suite]] by the British composer [[Peter Warlock]] features a bransles as its fourth movement. The piece is a collection of six folk dances arranged originally for four hands piano, but was then arranged by Warlock for both string orchestra and full orchestra.
 
==References==
* {{cite book |last=Arbeau |first=Thoinot |date=1967 |title=Orchesography |translator=Mary Stewart Evans |others=New introduction and notes by Julia Sutton, and a new Labanotation section by Mireille Backer and Julia Sutton |series=American Musicological Society Reprint Series |location=New York City |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486217451
}}
* {{cite journal |last=Arena |first=Antonius |orig-date=1529 |title=Rules of Dancing |translator=John Guthrie and Marino Zorzi |journal=Dance Research |volume=4 |issue=2 |date=Autumn 1986 |pppages=3–53|doi=10.2307/1290725 |jstor=1290725 }}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Expert|19894–1908}}|reference=Expert, Henry (1894–1908). ''Les maîtres musiciens de la renaissance française, éditions publiées par m. Henry Expert. Sur les manuscrits les plus authentiques et les meilleurs imprimés du XVIe siècle, avec variantes, notes historiques et critiques, transcriptions en notation moderne, etc.'' 23 volumes. Paris: Alphonse Leduc. Volume 23: ''Danceries''. Facsimile reprint, New York: Broude Brothers, 1952–64. {{ISBN|0-8450-1200-2}} (set).}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Library of Congress|n.d.}}|reference=Library of Congress (n.d.). "[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/dihtml/diessay2.html Renaissance Dance]". American Memory site (Accessed 30 January 2011).}}
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*Challet-Hass, Jacqueline (1977). ''Dances from the Marais Nord Vendéen. I: Les Maraichines (Branles and Courantes); II: Les Grand Danses and Other Dances''. Documentary Dance Materials No. 2. Jersey, Channel Islands: Centre for Dance Studies.
*Cunningham, Caroline M. (1971). "Estienne du Tertre and the Mid-sixteenth Century Parisian Chanson". ''[[American Institute of Musicology#Musica Disciplina|Musica Disciplina]]'' 25:127–70.
*Evers, Karsten and Frydrych, Ulrike: ''Französische Volkstänze, Volume 1 to 3'', Hildesheim and Eiterfeld, 1982, 1983 and 1987. Dance descriptions (in German), sheet music and audios. [https://www.karsten.evers.de/franztanz/ Download]
*Guilcher, Jean-Michel (1968). "Les derniers branles de Béarn et de Bigorre". ''Arts et Traditions Populaires'' (July–December): 259–92.
*Heartz, Daniel (1972). "Un ballet turc a la cour d'Henri II: Les Branles de Malte". ''Baroque: Revue International'' 5:17–23.
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