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{{Short description|Political party}}
{{Distinguish|Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Rastriya Prajatantra Party
| colorcode = {{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}}}
| general_secretary =
|
|
| membership = 150,000<ref name="members"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/08/699799|title = राप्रपाले सुरु गर्यो सक्रिय सदस्य वितरण अभियान}}</ref>▼
▲| leader7_name = [[Gyanendra Shahi]]
▲| membership = 150,000<ref name="members"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/08/699799|title = राप्रपाले सुरु गर्यो सक्रिय सदस्य वितरण अभियान}}</ref>
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1990|05|29}}
| abbreviation = RPP
| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Hindutva]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/nepal-pm-sher-bahadur-deuba-strips-maoist-ministers-of-their-portfolios-4895673/|title = Nepal PM Sher Bahadur Deuba strips Maoist ministers of their portfolios|date = 18 October 2017}}</ref><br />[[Hindu nationalism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.República.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=51829 |title= We are no more pro-monarchy|publisher=República}}</ref><br />[[National conservatism]]<br />[[Economic liberalism]]<br />[[Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchism]]}}
| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
| headquarters = Charumati Bihar, Chabahil, [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
| international = [[International
| website = {{URL|http://rpp.org.np}}
| country = Nepal
|
|
| chairman = [[Rajendra
| native_name = राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी
| flag = Rppnepalflagnewversion.png
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| seats6_title = [[Local government in Nepal|Councillors]]
| seats6 = {{composition bar|305|35011|hex={{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}}}
| symbol = [[File:Logo RPP, Nepal.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Plough (politics)|Plough]]'''
}}
The '''Rastriya Prajatantra Party''' ({{IPA-ne|rasʈrijʌ prʌˈd͡zatʌntrʌ ˈpa(r)ʈi}}; {{lang-ne|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|lit=National Democratic Party}}; {{Small|[[Abbreviation|abbr.]]}} {{Abbr|RPP|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}, {{Abbr|RaPraPa|}} ({{lang-ne|राप्रपा}})) is a [[monarchist|constitutional monarchist]] and [[Hindu nationalist]] [[List of political parties in Nepal|political party in Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2021 |title=RPP demands reinstatement of constitutional monarchy in Nepal |url=https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/rpp-demands-reinstatement-of-constitutional-monarchy-in-nepal-353943 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=WION |language=en |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
The party was formed by [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat era]] [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime ministers]] [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] and [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]] in 1990. The party led two coalition governments in 1997 under Thapa and Chand. The two were also appointed [[prime minister]] by [[King Gyanendra]] in the 2000s; Chand in 2002 and Thapa in 2003.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2008 |title=Previous Election Facts and Figures |url=http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021001831/http://www.election.gov.np/EN/prevelection.html |archive-date=21 October 2008 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=Election Commission of Nepal}}</ref>
[[Rajendra Prasad Lingden]] is currently serving as party chairman after being elected at the party's [[2021 general convention of Rastriya Prajatantra Party|general convention]] in December 2021.<ref name="kathmandupost.com" /> Rastriya Prajatantra Party is currently the fifth-largest political party in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] after winning 14 seats at the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general election]] and is one of seven national parties recognized by the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2022 |title=प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै |trans-title=12 parties in the House of Representatives, only 7 national parties |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/06/167034242099737230.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> The party was briefly part of the [[
▲[[Rajendra Prasad Lingden]] is currently serving as party chairman after being elected at the party's [[2021 general convention of Rastriya Prajatantra Party|general convention]] in December 2021.<ref name="kathmandupost.com" /> Rastriya Prajatantra Party is currently the fifth-largest political party in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] after winning 14 seats at the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general election]] and is one of seven national parties recognized by the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2022 |title=प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै |trans-title=12 parties in the House of Representatives, only 7 national parties |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/06/167034242099737230.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> The party was briefly part of the [[Third Dahal cabinet|ruling coalition government]] following the election, but has been in opposition since 25 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Minister Dahal expands Cabinet; inducts 12 ministers, three state ministers |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/17/prime-minister-dahal-expands-cabinet-inducts-12-new-ministers-three-state-ministers |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rastriya Prajatantra Party exits government |url=http://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/02/25/rastriya-prajatantra-party-exits-government |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
== History ==
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The party held its first general convention from in 1992 from 11 to 16 June in Kathmandu and unanimously elected [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] as its chairman. [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]] and [[Rajeshwor Devkota]] were elected leader and co-chairman, respectively.<ref name=":7">{{Cite thesis |last=Giri |first=Rajesh Chandra |title=नेपालको संसदीय अभ्यासमा राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पाटी (वि.सं. २०४७ देखि २०७४ सम्म) (Rastriya Prajatantra Party in the parliamentary practice of Nepal (B.S. 2047 to 2074)) |date=2022 |degree=PhD |publisher=Tribhuvan University |url=https://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/handle/123456789/11707 |language=ne}}</ref> The party emerged as a third force at the 1992 local elections and the [[1994 Nepalese legislative election|1994 general elections]]. The party received 18 percent of the votes and won 20 seats to the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]], making them the third largest party in the parliament.<ref name=":3" />
=== Government and second split, 1995–1999 ===
==== Coalition governments, 1995–1997 ====
The party initially supported the minority government of [[CPN (UML)]] but later withdrew their support and backed a no-confidence motion
==== Chand and Thapa governments, 1997–1998 ====
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After losing support within his party Thapa asked King Birendra to dissolve the house and call for fresh elections. After the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the king called forth a special session of the parliament to debate the no-confidence motion filed against Thapa.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Gyawali |first=Dipak |date=1 March 1998 |title=Political Pus |url=https://www.himalmag.com/nepal-political-pus/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en-GB}}</ref> Thapa survived the no-confidence vote and expelled six central committee members for threatening to back a no-confidence motion against him.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" />
The second general convention of the party took place from 12 to 16 November 1997 in [[Birgunj]]. [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] was re-elected for a second term as chairman. [[Prakash Chandra Lohani]], [[Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana|Pashupati SJB Rana]] and [[Kamal Thapa]] were nominated as vice-chairman, general secretary and spokesman respectively. [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]] however created his own [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand)|Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] on 9 January 1998 claiming that Thapa had mismanaged the party, did not listen to the directions of the central committee and accused Thapa of not holding the general election in a fair manner. He broke off with 10 members of parliament including 8 from the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] and 2 from the [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]].<ref name=":7" /> Thapa resigned as prime minister on 10 April 1998 and was replaced by [[Nepali Congress]] president [[Girija Prasad Koirala]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Leo E. |date=Jan–Feb 1999 |title=Nepal and Bhutan in 1998: Two Himalayan Kingdoms |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/2645605 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=155–162 |doi=10.2307/2645605 |jstor=2645605 |via=University of California Press}}</ref>
The two parties contested the [[1999 Nepalese legislative election|1999 elections]] and fared badly in the election with the party winning 11 seats and the party led by [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand|Chand]] not winning any seats. Following the elections, the parties decided to merge again on 31 December 1999. A group led by [[Rajeshwor Devkota|Rajeshwar Devkota]] however decided not to rejoin the party and formed their own [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist)]].<ref name=":7" />
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==== Second Chand and Thapa governments, 2002–2006 ====
The king dismissed the government of [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
At the third general convention of the party held in [[Pokhara]] from 12 to 14 December 2002, [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] completed his second four-year term as party chairman and could not compete for the post of chairman again as per the party constitution. [[Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana|Pashupati SJB Rana]] was elected chairman during the convention and [[Padma Sundar Lawati]], [[Kamal Thapa]] and [[Rosan Karki]] were nominated vice-president, general secretary and spokesperson respectively.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahal |first=Rajendra |date=24 January 2003 |title=A spring thaw? |url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=4989 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=Nepali Times}}</ref>
There were calls within the party for [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]] to resign as prime minister for undermining democracy by failing to form a national [[consensus government]].<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Rana |first=Pashupati SJB |title=An all-party government is the only way out. |url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=5968 |publisher=Nepali Times |date=12 December 2003}}</ref> He resigned on 7 May 2004 and was replaced by [[Nepali Congress (Democratic)]] leader [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2004 |title=Nepal's PM resigns amid opposition protests |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/nepal-s-pm-resigns-amid-opposition-protests-1.978654 |access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Haviland |first=Charles |date=7 May 2004 |title=Nepal's embattled PM |language=en-GB |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3694141.stm |access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref> On 4 November 2004, Thapa announced that he would be quitting the party and forming a new [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] [[Liberalism|liberal]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2004 |title=Unity efforts in the RPP fail, new party to be launched |url=http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2004/nov/nov04/nov_04_news16.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050223114341/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2004/nov/nov04/nov_04_news16.php |archive-date=23 February 2005 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=nepalnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2004 |title=RPP dissidents open contact office |url=http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2004/nov/nov21/nov_21_news8.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050223114223/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2004/nov/nov21/nov_21_news8.php |archive-date=23 February 2005 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=nepalnews.com}}</ref> The party was formally launched on 13 March 2005 as [[Rastriya Janashakti Party]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhandboo0000unse_a2s3 |title=Political handbook of the world 2012 |publisher=Sage |year=2012 |isbn=9781608719952 |language=en |oclc=794595888 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
On [[2005 Nepal coup d'état|1 February 2005]], [[King Gyanendra]] dismissed Deuba as prime minister and seized executive powers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Randeep |first=Ramesh |date=1 February 2005 |title=King of Nepal seizes power |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/02/nepal |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> The party announced their support for the pro-democracy agitation led by the [[Seven Party Alliance]] but ten members of the party's central committee, including [[Kamal Thapa]] who had rejoined the party after leaving for Janashakti, supported the [[2005 Nepal coup d'état|coup]]. Thapa along with six central committee members were appointed to the King's cabinet in December 2005 with Thapa becoming [[Home Minister (Nepal)|Home Minister]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahal |first=Rajendra |date=9 December 2005 |title=All the king's (new) men |url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9305 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=Nepali Times}}</ref>
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=== Federal Nepal, 2016–present ===
[[File:Flag of Rastriya Prajatantra Party.svg|left|thumb|Flag of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party until 2016]]
==== Continued internal conflicts, 2016–2020 ====
On 21 November 2016, the party announced
In the [[2017 Nepalese general election|2017 general]] and [[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|provincial elections]], Rastriya Prajantatra Party formed an alliance with [[Nepali Congress]] and [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic)]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2017 |title=Nepali Congress to form democratic alliance to counter leftist forces |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Press Trust of India |url=
==== Re-unification and new leadership, 2020–present ====
{{See also|2021 general convention of Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}
The [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Samyukta)]], created through the merger of Rana and Lohani's splinter groups, merged with the party on 12 March 2020, with [[Kamal Thapa]], [[Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana]] and [[Prakash Chandra Lohani]] all acting as chairs.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 March 2020 |title=Three chairs of RPP promise not to split again at merger meeting |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/three-chairs-of-rpp-promise-not-to-split-again-at-merger-meeting.html |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=OnlineKhabar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghimire |first=Binod |date=12 March 2020 |title=Rastriya Prajatantra Party leaders swear by Gita to stay united |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2020/03/12/rastriya-prajatantra-party-leaders-swear-by-gita-to-stay-united |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=en}}</ref> In July 2020, [[Sunil Bahadur Thapa]], the son of former prime minister [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]], resigned from the party and joined [[Nepali Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=28 July 2020 |title=Sunil Bahadur Thapa joins Nepali Congress |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/sunil-bahadur-thapa-joins-nepali-congress.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=OnlineKhabar |language=en-GB}}</ref> The party conducted its general convention from 1 to 3 December 2021 and elected [[Rajendra Prasad Lingden]] as the party's chairman. He defeated former deputy prime minister and incumbent party chairman [[Kamal Thapa]] at the general convention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title=RPP's general convention begins with fanfare |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/rpps-general-convention-begins-with-fanfare |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kathmandupost.com">{{Cite web|title=Rajendra Lingden defeats Kamal Thapa in pro-Hindu party election|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/12/05/rajendra-lingden-defeats-kamal-thapa-in-pro-hindu-party-election|access-date=8 December 2021|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=en|date=5 December 2021}}</ref> The party also announced that it had 150,000 active party members.<ref name="members">{{Cite news |last=Adhikari |first=Ashok |date=8 December 2021 |title=जनाधार बलियो बनाउँदै दल |trans-title=Parties strengthening base |pages=1 |work=Gorkhapatra |location=Nepal |type= |url=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/viewer?file=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/ArchiveNewsFile/61aff9d050832_gopa_pdf.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> The general convention also elected [[Nepalgunj]] mayor [[Dhawal Shamsher Rana]] as the party's general secretary and former member of [[Nepalese Constituent Assembly|constituent assembly]] [[Bikram Pandey]] as the party vice-president.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2021 |title=Lingden elected new RPP chairperson |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/lingden-elected-new-rpp-chairperson |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> Following the general convention, Kamal Thapa left the party and revived the [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=Kamal Thapa leaves Rastriya Prajatantra Party |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/02/08/kamal-thapa-leaves-rastriya-prajatantra-party |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref>
The party announced intentions to unify other pro-monarchist groups under their umbrella and groups including ''Nepal Ka Lagi Nepali'' Campaign, ''Mission Nepal'', ''Gorach Abhiyan'' and the [[Gyanendra Shahi]] led ''Hamro Nepal Hami Nepali'' Campaign joined the party in the following months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=किशोर गुरुङको गोरक्ष अभियान राप्रपामा, राप्रपाको युवा मोर्चामा पाण्डे |trans-title=RPP in Kishor Gurung's Gorakshya campaign, Pandey in RPP's Youth Front |url=http://nepallive.com/story/276661 |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=Nepal Live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 February 2022 |title=Anti-corruption crusader Gyanendra Shahi joins RPP |url=http://República.nagariknetwork.com/news/123905/ |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=República |language=en}}</ref> Former chairman of [[Bibeksheel Sajha Party]], [[Rabindra Mishra]] also joined the party on 28 September 2022 as senior vice-president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=Mishra joins RPP |url=https://www.risingnepaldaily.com/news/16597 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=Rising Nepal Daily |agency=Rastriya Samachar Samiti}}</ref>
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== Ideology ==
[[File:RPP Electoral Symbol.png|thumb|143x143px|Electoral symbol of the party until 2020]]The Rastriya Prajatantra Party was established as an alternative force to the major political parties, [[Nepali Congress]] and [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)]]. The party was founded on the principles of [[democracy]], [[constitutional monarchy]], [[nationalism]] and [[economic liberalism]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2017 |title=RPP Manifesto: Support for restoration of constitutional monarchy |url=http://República.nagariknetwork.com/news/30275/ |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=República |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2020 |title=RPP (United), RPP to unify |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/rastriya-prajatantra-party-united-rastriya-prajatantra-party-to-unify/ |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en-US}}</ref> At the time of the party's foundation [[Surya Bahadur Thapa]]'s party was considered as the more [[Liberalism|liberal]] party and [[Lokendra Bahadur Chand]]'s [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand)|party]] was considered as the more [[Conservatism|conservative]] party.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Borre |first1=Ole |last2=Panday |first2=Sushil R. |last3=Tiwari |first3=Chitra K. |date=December 1991 |title=The Nepalese Election of 1991 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(91)90027-P |journal=Electoral Studies |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=357–362 |doi=10.1016/0261-3794(91)90027-P |via=Science Direct}}</ref>
=== Monarchy and federal structure ===
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=== Provincial elections ===
====
{{see also|Koshi Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Madhesh Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Bagmati Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Gandaki Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Lumbini Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Karnali Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|}
====
{{see also|Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" |Election
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|{{age in years and days|12 March 1997|7 October 1997}}
|[[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|3rd House of Representatives]]
|[[Chand–Gautam coalition
|Baitadi 2
|-
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|{{age in years and days|7 October 1997|15 April 1998}}
|[[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|3rd House of Representatives]]
|[[Fourth Surya Bahadur Thapa cabinet
|Dhankuta 2
|-
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|{{age in years and days|5 June 2003|4 September 2004}}
|''Appointed by [[King Gyanendra]]''
|[[Fifth Surya Bahadur Thapa cabinet
|
|}
=== Deputy Prime Ministers ===
{| class="wikitable"
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|{{age in years and days|17 January 2023|25 February 2023}}
|[[2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal|2nd Federal Parliament]]
|[[
|[[Jhapa 3 (constituency)|Jhapa 3]]
|}
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|Gopal Dahal
|-
|[[Gyanendra Shahi]]
|15 February 2021
|{{Age in years and days|15 February 2022}}
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|[[Jumla 1 (constituency)|Jumla 1]]
|[[Gyanendra Shahi|Gyan Bahadur Shahi]]
|'''Chief whip'''<br /> Spokesperson
|-
|[[Banke 2 (constituency)|Banke 2]]
| |||