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{{Short description|French financier}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
[[File:Antoine Crozat.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Antoine Crozat, marquis du Châtel]]
'''Antoine Crozat, marquis du Châtel''' (ca. 1655 – 7 June 1738), [[France|French]] founder of an immense fortune, was the first private proprietary owner of [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] from 1712 to 1717.▼
 
▲'''Antoine Crozat, marquis1st du[[Marquis]] of Châtel''' (cac. 1655 – 7 June 1738),<ref>[https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171341663 "Crozat, Antoine"], Notice de personne, [[BnF]].</ref> [[France|French]] founder of an immense fortune, was the first private[[Proprietary colony|proprietary owner]] of [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]], from 1712 to 1717.
Born in [[Toulouse]], [[France]] the sons of peasants, he and his brother, [[Pierre Crozat|Pierre]], rose from obscurity to become two of the wealthiest merchants of France. By lending money to the government Antoine was ennobled as the marquis du Châtel, a noble title that he transmitted to his elder son Louis-François. He became a financial counsellor to [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. He invested in the Guinea Company and the [[Asiento]] Company, two lucrative overseas franchises. The king eventually offered him a 15‑year trade monopoly in Louisiana. [[Image:Madame Crozat.jpg|thumb|180px||<div align="center">''Portrait of Mme Crozat'' (1670-1742) by [[Joseph Aved]] (exhibited at the [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]] of 1741)<BR/>Montpellier, [[Musée Fabre]]</div>]]
 
==Career==
He married Marguerite Legendre. They had four children: ▼
Antoine Crozat and his brother [[Pierre Crozat]] were born in [[Toulouse]], France, the sons of a wealthy banking family. They moved to Paris around 1700 and rose from obscurity to become two of the wealthiest [[financier]]s of [[Early modern France|France]].<ref>Leclair 1996, p. 208.</ref> By way of lending money to the government, Antoine was [[Nobility|ennobled]] as the Marquis du Châtel, a title he transmitted to his eldest son Louis-François. He became a financial counselor to [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. He invested in the [[Guinea Company (London)|Guinea Company]] and the [[Asiento]] Company, two lucrative overseas franchises involved in the slave trade. The king eventually offered him a 15‑year trade [[monopoly]] in Louisiana. Crozat's term running and influencing Louisiana was quite unpopular with the settlers, and Crozat ceded the monopoly only 5 years into the 15-year term. As Crozat left, he claimed that tobacco could be grown in Louisiana. The monopoly was transferred to the Scottish economist and businessman [[John Law (economist)|John Law]] in 1717 under a group called the [[Mississippi Company|Company of the West]] (''Compagnie d'Occident'').<ref>''[[The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 1991, vol. 29, p. 330.</ref>
* Marie Anne married the comte d'Évreux, [[Louis Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne]], son of [[Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne]] and [[Marie Anne Mancini]].▼
 
* Louis François, marquis du [[Châtel]]
==Personal life==
* Joseph Antoine, marquis de Thugny
{{Anchor|Louis-François Crozat}}<!-- target of redirect -->
* Louis Antoine, baron de [[Thiers]], whose gallery of paintings inherited from his uncle [[Pierre Crozat]], (called ''"Crozat le Pauvre"'' to distinguish him from his even richer brother Antoine), was purchased after his death for the collection of [[Catherine II of Russia]], through [[Denis Diderot]]; the Crozat paintings now hang in the [[Hermitage Museum]],.
[[File:Madame Crozat.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Portrait of Mme Crozat'' by [[Joseph Aved]] (exhibited at the [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]] of 1741), Montpellier, [[Musée Fabre]]]]
 
▲HeIn 1690 Antoine Crozat married Marguerite Legendre (1670–1742). They had four children: .
# Louis François Crozat, 2nd Marquis of Châtel (1691–1750), who inherited his uncle Pierre's collection of paintings and his [[Hôtel de Crozat|''hôtel'' in the Rue de Richelieu]]<ref name=Leclair1996p209>Leclair 1996, p. 209.</ref>
▲*# Marie Anne Crozat (1695–1729), who married the comteCount of d'Évreux, [[Louis Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne]], son of [[Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne]] and [[Marie Anne Mancini]].
# Joseph Antoine Crozat, Marquis of Thugny (1696–1751)<ref name=Leclair1996p209/>
# [[Louis Antoine Crozat]], Baron of [[Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme|Thiers]] (1699–1770), whose collection of paintings, inherited from his eldest brother Louis-François and his other brother Joseph-Antoine (mostly Dutch pictures), was purchased after his death for the collection of [[Catherine II of Russia]], through [[Denis Diderot]]. Most now hang in the [[Hermitage Museum]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], although a few were sold in the 1920s and 1930s by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] authorities for [[hard currency]], including a dozen purchased by [[Andrew Mellon]], now in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in Washington, DC.<ref name=Leclair1996p209/>
 
In 1708 Antoine Crozat built a notable ''[[hôtel particulier]]'' on the [[Place Vendôme]] to the designs of the architect [[Pierre Bullet]]. It became part of the [[Hôtel Ritz Paris]] in 1910.<ref>Gady 2008, p. 309.</ref>
 
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
 
==Bibliography==
* Gady, Alexandre (2008). ''Les Hôtels particuliers de Paris du Moyen Âge à la Belle Époque''. Paris: Parigramme. {{ISBN|9782840962137}}.
* Leclair, Anne (1996). [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000020443 "Crozat family"], vol. 8. pp.&nbsp;208–210, in ''[[The Dictionary of Art]]'' (34 vols.), edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. {{ISBN|9781884446009}}. Also at [[Oxford Art Online]], subscription required.
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Crozat, Antoine
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French businessman
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1738
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crozat, Antoine}}
[[Category:People of ColonialLouisiana French(New LouisianaFrance)]]
[[Category:1650s births]]
[[Category:1738 deaths]]
[[Category:PeopleBusinesspeople from Toulouse]]
[[Category:Occitan people]]
[[Category:People18th-century ofFrench New Francebusinesspeople]]
[[Category:17th-century French businesspeople]]
 
[[Category:Crozat family]]
{{KingdomofFrance-stub}}
[[Category:French marquesses]]
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