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{|{{InfoboxShort description|Chinese fighter aircraft beginprogram}}
}}{{Infobox aircraft type▼
|name = J-XX
|image =
|caption =
▲}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = [[Combat aircraft]]
|national originnational_origin = [[People's Republic of China]]
|manufacturer =
|program cost =
|designer = [[Chengdu Aerospace Corporation]] <br />[[Shenyang Aerospace Corporation]]
|first flightfirst_flight = January 11, 2011 (J-20)<ref name="foxnews.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/01/11/chinese-stealth-fighter-makes-test-flight/ | work=Fox News | title=Chinese Stealth Fighter Makes First Test Flight | date=11 January 2011}}</ref><br /> October 31, 2012 (J-31)
|introducedintroduction = 2017 ([[Chengdu J-20]])<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64K0MY20100521 | work=Reuters | title=New Chinese fighter jet expected by 2018: U.S. intelligence | date=21 May 2010}}</ref><br />2018 ([[Shenyang J-31]])
|status = Under development
|primary userprimary_user = [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]
|more usersmore_users =
|produced =
|number builtnumber_built =
|unit cost =
|developed fromdeveloped_from =
|variants with their own articles=
}}
|}
 
'''J-XX'''<ref name="miltech">Coniglio 2006, P.44</ref> '''J-X''',<ref name="miltech"/><ref name="JDW">Chang 2002</ref> and '''XXJ'''<ref name="miltech"/> are names applied by Western [[Intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]] agencies to describe programs by the [[People's Republic of China]] to develop one or more [[Fifth generation jet fighter|fifth-generation]] [[fighter aircraft]].<ref name="JDW"/><ref name="miltech"/> General [[He Weirong]], Chief of Staff of the [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] (PLAAF), stated that China had several such programs underway and that an undesignated fifth-generation fighter developed jointly by [[Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group|Chengdu Aerospace Corporation]] and [[Shenyang Aircraft Corporation|Shenyang Aerospace Corporation]] would be in service by 2018.<ref name="flight">Govindasamy, 2009</ref>
 
==History==
The PLAAF unveiled the program in late 2002.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-97131209.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165623/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-97131209.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=The Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force rolls out program for the development of a new stealth fighter, the J-X|journal=[[Journal of Electronic Defense]]|publisher=[[Association of Old Crows]]|date=1 January 2003|access-date=12 June 2015|url-access=subscription |via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref> A December 2002 ''[[Jane's Defence Weekly]]'' reported that [[Shenyang Aircraft Corporation|Shenyang Aerospace Corporation]] had been selected to head [[research and development]] of the new fighter,<ref name="JDW">Chang 2002</ref> which was also stated in the ''[[New Scientist]]'' the same week.<ref name="New Scientist">Knight 2002</ref> Also, a 2006 article in ''[[Military Technology (journal)|Military Technology]]'' referred to three designs; two by Shenyang Aerospace Corporation and one by [[Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group|Chengdu Aerospace Corporation]].<ref name="miltech">Coniglio 2006, P.44</ref>
 
According to ''Jane's'', development of the [[subsystems]], including an [[Jet engine|engine]] with [[thrust vectoring]] capability, and [[List of aircraft weapons|weapon suite]] for the next generation fighter had been under development. A photograph of a [[wind tunnel|wind tunnel model]] published with the article showed a twin-engine aircraft with twin vertical tail fins. The aircraft would carry its weapons internally like the [[F-22 Raptor]]. ''New Scientist'' called attention to the angular, faceted features of the design, comparing them to the [[F-117 Nighthawk]].
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In November 2009, General [[He Weirong]], the Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force confirmed research and development of the 5th generation stealth fighter, and gave a possible in-service date of 2017 to 2019.<ref name="flight" /><ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter''</ref>
 
A U.S. [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] official commenting on General He's statements indicated the DIA believes a first flight of the J-XX "will occur in the next few years", but that operational deployment of the fighter "in meaningful numbers" will not take place within the decade.<ref name="Gertz">Gertz 2009</ref> [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] and U.S. intelligence officials have stated their belief that China likely has the resources, data and technology required to build a 5th generation fighter, although doubts remain in areas such as [[systems engineering]], [[System integration|integration]], and production processes. The [[U.S. Department of Defense]] expects China to have a handful of 5th generation fighters in service between 2020 and 2025, according to statements made by [[U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert M. Gates]] in July 2009.<ref name="gates">Gates 2009</ref> However, a year later, in May 2010, United States intelligence stated that Chinese 5th generation fighter jets will be expected around 2018.<ref name="reuters.com"/> In 2011, Gates changed his position to state that China may have 50 stealth fighters by 2020 and a couple of hundred by 2025.<ref>Pennington, Matthew. [https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5hZhPNDMgAjdJQDt5U8QwOqC3CZ6Q?docId=5984260 "Gates: Despite early Stealth jet test, China's fighter fleet will lag US for years to come."]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''The Canadian Press'', 17 February 2011.</ref>
 
==Design==
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The Chinese state television broadcaster [[China Central Television]] (CCTV) asserts:
 
<blockquote>
A V-shaped [[pelikan tail]] could be implemented, replacing conventional vertical tail fins and horizontal stabiliser structures. This would be beneficial for reduction of radar signature, weight and aerodynamic drag, since control surface area and corresponding control mechanisms are reduced. Problems faced by this type of design are flight control system complexity and control surface loading. If the pelikan tail is adopted, use of engines with [[thrust vector control]] may alleviate these problems.<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 2.</ref>
 
[...] The new fighter may have a significantly longer fuselage than other fifth generation fighter designs, such as the F-22, for reduction of transonic and supersonic drag.<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 8.</ref> A trapezoidal wing may be implemented for reduction of drag and [[radar signature]].<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 9.</ref> Use of an 's'-shaped air inlet and boundary layer separation system would greatly reduce radar signature.<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 10.</ref>▼
CCTV also asserts:
</blockquote>
 
A fifth generation fighter remains an ambitious goal for the PRC, because they are behind in the needed technologies such as aerospace-grade [[carbon fiber]],<ref>Beckhusen, Robert. [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/09/carbon-fiber/ "Chinese Smuggler Tried to Sneak Carbon Fiber for Fighter Jets, Feds Claim."] ''Wired Magazine'', 28 September 2012.</ref><ref>Maddux, Mitchel. [http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/brooklyn/stealthy_spy_plan_man_is_charged_hkCIteJa68MWWmPwIF9RRN "‘Stealthy’ spy plan man is charged."] ''NY Post'', 27 September 2012.</ref><ref>Lowther, William. [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/09/29/2003543944 "Taiwanese embroiled in stealth-fighter sting."] ''Taipei Times'', 29 September 2012.</ref> advanced fighter engines,{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} and AESA radar.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130121081822/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110620/DEFFEAT06/106200314/Chinese-Avionics-Advances-Ripple-Throughout-Asia "Chinese Avionics Advances Ripple Throughout Asia."] ''Defense News'', 20 June 2011.</ref>▼
▲The new fighter may have a significantly longer fuselage than other fifth generation fighter designs, such as the F-22, for reduction of transonic and supersonic drag.<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 8.</ref> A trapezoidal wing may be implemented for reduction of drag and [[radar signature]].<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 9.</ref> Use of an 's'-shaped air inlet and boundary layer separation system would greatly reduce radar signature.<ref>''The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter'', p. 10.</ref>
 
▲A fifth generation fighter remains an ambitious goal for the PRC, because they are behind in the needed technologies such as aerospace-grade [[carbon fiber]],<ref>Beckhusen, Robert. [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/09/carbon-fiber/ "Chinese Smuggler Tried to Sneak Carbon Fiber for Fighter Jets, Feds Claim."] ''Wired Magazine'', 28 September 2012.</ref><ref>Maddux, Mitchel. [http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/brooklyn/stealthy_spy_plan_man_is_charged_hkCIteJa68MWWmPwIF9RRN "‘Stealthy’ spy plan man is charged."] ''NY Post'', 27 September 2012.</ref><ref>Lowther, William. [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/09/29/2003543944 "Taiwanese embroiled in stealth-fighter sting."] ''Taipei Times'', 29 September 2012.</ref> advanced fighter engines,{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} and AESA radar.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110620/DEFFEAT06/106200314/Chinese-Avionics-Advances-Ripple-Throughout-Asia "Chinese Avionics Advances Ripple Throughout Asia."] ''Defense News'', 20 June 2011.</ref>
 
===Chengdu J-20===
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The [[Chengdu J-20]] stealth fighter conducted its first flight on January 11, 2011 and entered service in 2017.<ref name="foxnews.com"/>
 
===Shenyang J-XX and FC-31===
[[Shenyang Aircraft Corporation|Shenyang Aerospace Corporation]] had a proposed J-XX aircraft that was larger than the [[Chengdu J-20|J-20]]. In 2008, the [[People's Liberation Army Air Force|PLAAF]] endorsed [[Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group|Chengdu Aerospace Corporation]]'s proposal, Project 718 (J-20);<ref name="jxx">{{cite web |url=http://www.warchina.com/news/ent/2010-11-05/124805.html |date=5 November 2010 |title=中国空军选定下一代战机由611所方案胜出 |language=zh |work=War China |access-date=10 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102232159/http://www.warchina.com/news/ent/2010-11-05/124805.html |archive-date=2 November 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Shenyang lost its bid, then chose to develop an export oriented fighter called FC-31.<ref name="navalnews_210608">{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/06/first-sighting-of-new-stealth-fighter-for-chinese-navy-aircraft-carrier/ |title=First Sighting Of New Stealth Fighter For Chinese Navy's Aircraft Carriers |website=Naval News|date=8 June 2021|first=H |last=I Sutton}}</ref> The [[Shenyang FC-31]] [[Stealth aircraft|stealth fighter]] conducted its first flight in October 31, 2012.<ref name="South China Morning Post">{{cite news|title=China unveils new fifth-generation stealth fighter|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1074027/china-adds-new-fifth-generation-stealth-fighter-arsenal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/the-fc-31-chinas-other-stealth-fighter/ |title=The FC-31, China's 'Other' Stealth Fighter |last=Joe |first=Rick |publisher=The Diplomat |date=18 February 2021 |access-date=September 1, 2021}}</ref>
The [[Shenyang J-31]] stealth fighter conducted its first flight on October 31, 2012 and will enter into service in 2018/2019.<ref name="South China Morning Post">{{cite news|title=China unveils new fifth-generation stealth fighter|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1074027/china-adds-new-fifth-generation-stealth-fighter-arsenal}}</ref>
 
===Xian H-20===
The [[Xian H-20]] is a subsonic stealth bomber design due to enter service in the future.
 
===JH-XX===
The [[JH-XX]] is a supersonic, stealth, [[tactical bomber]]/[[fighter-bomber]] aircraft under development. JH-XX is the second stealth bomber of China confirmed in existence by the U.S. intelligence community, and the Pentagon speculates the fighter-bomber is capable of long range strike and nuclear weapons delivery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a19724568/china-stealth-bomber-render/ |title=Is This China's Stealth Bomber? |website=popularmechanics |date=9 April 2018 |first=Kyle |last=Mizokami }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/25989/intel-report-confirms-china-developing-stealthy-regional-bomber-in-addition-to-strategic-bomber |title=Intel Report Confirms China Developing Stealthy Tactical Bomber In Addition To Strategic Bomber |website=The Drive |date=16 January 2019|author=Tyler Rogoway and Joseph Trevithick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/chinas-mysterious-stealth-jh-xx-bomber-threat-us-military-98742 |title=China's Mysterious Stealth JH-XX Bomber: A Threat to the U.S. Military? |website=National Interest |date = 22 November 2019 |first=Mark |last=Episkopos}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/china%E2%80%99s-jh-xx-stealth-fighter-bomber-total-mystery-173721 |title=China's JH-XX: This Stealth Fighter-Bomber Is a Total Mystery |website=National Interest |date=3 December 2020 |first=Mark |last=Episkopos}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Chengdu J-20]]
* [[Shenyang J-31]]
 
== References ==
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=== Sources ===
* {{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/mil/2/200911/1109_340_1426743.shtml |title=The forthcoming Chinese fourth-generation fighter |publisher=news.ifeng.com transcription of [[China Central Television]] broadcast |date=9 November 2009 |language=Chinesezh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112184628/http://news.ifeng.com/mil/2/200911/1109_340_1426743.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2009 |df= }} ([http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=zh-CN&tl=en&u=http://news.ifeng.com/mil/2/200911/1109_340_1426743.shtml&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&usg=ALkJrhinWCBSZ5wNFM8q42zGQVc7QGcnJQ English translation using Google Translate]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100126025452/http://space.tv.cctv.com/video/VIDE1257691556223886 Original CCTV hosted video]
* {{cite journal|last=Chang |first=Yihong |date=December 2002 |title=China Launches New Stealth Fighter Project |journal=[[Jane's Defence Weekly]] |url=http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw021210_2_n.shtml |access-date=2008-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225093240/http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw021210_2_n.shtml |archive-date=2007-12-25 |url-status=dead |df= }}
* {{cite journal |last=Coniglio |first=Sergio |date=February 2006 |title = China Develops Stealth Fighter |journal=Military Technology |page = 44}}
* {{cite journal|last=Fulghum|first=David A.|author2=Douglas Barrie|title=China Promises New, Advanced Fighter|journal=[[Aviation Week]]|date=24 November 2009|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/CHFIGHT112409.xml&headline=China%20Promises%20New,%20Advanced%20Fighter|accessdateaccess-date=2010-03-15}}{{dead link|date=March 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
* {{cite speech|title=Untitled speech to Economic Club of Chicago |first=Robert M. |last=Gates |authorlinkauthor-link=Robert Gates |date=16 July 2009 |location=Chicago |url=http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1369 |access-date=2010-03-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228043004/http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1369 |archive-date=28 February 2010 |df= }}
* {{cite journal |last=Gertz |first=Bill |title = DIA on China's new fighter |journal=[[The Washington Times]] |date=19 November 2009 |url = http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/nov/19/inside-the-ring-37209361/ |accessdateaccess-date=2010-03-15 |archive-date=2010-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304205328/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/nov/19/inside-the-ring-37209361/ |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite journal |last=Govindasamy |first=Siva |title = China expects fifth generation fighter in 10 years |journal=Flight International |date=12 November 2009 |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/11/12/334680/china-expects-fifth-generation-fighter-in-10-years.html |accessdateaccess-date=2010-03-15}}
* {{cite journal |last=Knight |first=Will |date=December 2002 |title = Chinese Stealth Fighter Plans Revealed |journal=[[New Scientist]] |url = https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3174 |accessdateaccess-date=2008-02-11}}
* {{cite journal |title=The new Chinese stealth fighter will be ready within 10 years |journal=Avionews |date=12 November 2009 |url = http://www.avionews.com/index.php?corpo=see_news_home.php&news_id=1111360&pagina_chiamante=index.php |accessdateaccess-date=2010-03-15}}
 
==External links==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-XX"