Nguyễn lords: Difference between revisions

| native_name = {{Lang|vi|Chúa Nguyễn}} (主阮)<br/> {{Lang|vi|Chúa Nguyễn Vương}} (阮王) (1744-1777, 1780-1802)

| conventional_long_name = Nguyễn lords<br/> King of Nguyễn (1744-1777, 1780-1802)

| status_text = Subordinates of [[Trịnh lords]] (1558–16271558–1600) and [[lordship]] ([[fief]]) within [[Lê dynasty]] of [[Đại Việt]] (1558–1777, 1780–1789)<br>Subordinates of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] (1783–1788)<br> De facto [[independent state]] (1789–1802)

| title_leader = [[List of Vietnamese monarchs|Lords/Kings]]

| leader2 = [[Nguyễn Phúc ThuầnKhoát]] (as King)

| year_leader2 = 1765–17771738–1765

The '''Nguyễn lords''' ({{vie|v=Chúa Nguyễn}}, 主阮; 1558–1777, 1780–1802),{{Efn|Internally stylised as the '''Nguyễn kings''' ({{vie|v=Nguyễn vương}},; 阮王{{Lang-vi-hantu|廣南國}}) from 1744 onwards.<ref name="BBC-News-Paris-Vietnamese-artifacts-2015">{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/forum/2015/09/150903_vua_bao_dai_va_an_kiem|title= Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? Mùa thu năm trước Bảo tàng Lịch sử Việt Nam mang chuông sang gióng ở thủ đô Pháp.|date=4 September 2015|accessdate=10 April 2021|author= Phạm Cao Phong (Gửi cho BBC từ [[Paris]]) |publisher= [[BBC News]] ([[British Broadcasting Corporation]], [[Government of the United Kingdom]]) |language=vi}}</ref>}} also known as the '''Nguyễn clan''' (阮氏, ''{{vie|v=Nguyễn thị''}}; {{Lang-vi-hantu|阮氏}}), were thea rulersfeudal of[[nobility]] clan that ruled southern part of [[Đại Việt]] during the [[Revival Lê dynasty]] and ancestors of [[Nguyễn dynasty]]'s emperors. The territory they ruled was known contemporarily as [[Đàng Trong]] (Inner Realm) and known by Europeans as '''Kingdom of [[Cochinchina]]''' and by Imperial China as '''Kingdom of [[Quảng Nam]]''' ({{vie|v=Quảng Nam Quốc}}; {{Lang-vi-hantu|廣南國}}), in opposition to the [[Trịnh lords]] ruling northern Đại Việt as [[Đàng Ngoài]] (Outer Realm), known as '''Kingdom of [[Tonkin]]''' by Europeans and '''Kingdom of [[Vietnam|Annam]]''' ({{vie|v= An Nam Quốc}}; {{Lang-vi-hantu|安南國}}) by Imperial China in bilateral diplomacy.{{sfnp|Taylor|1995|p=170|ps=: "The 'Kingdom of Cochinchina' was the polity of the Nguyễn lords (chúa), who had become the more and more independent rivals of the Trịnh lords of the north – if not of the Lê emperors whose affairs the Trịnh lords managed..."}} They were officially called '''King of Nguyễn ''' ({{vie|v=Nguyễn vươngVương}},; {{Lang-vi-hantu|阮王}}) in 1744 when lord [[Nguyễn Phúc Khoát]] self-proclaimed himself to elevate his status equally to Trịnh lords's title known as '''King of Trịnh ''' ({{Lang-vi|Trịnh vươngVương}} ; {{Lang-vi-hantu|鄭王}}). Both Nguyễn and Trịnh clans were ''de jure'' [[subordinates]] and [[fief]] of the [[Lê dynasty]]. However, The ''de jure'' submission of the Nguyễn lords to the Trịnh lords ended in 1600.

In 1527, [[Mạc Đăng Dung]] overthrew the emperor [[Lê Cung Hoàng]] and established a new dynasty- the ([[Mạc dynasty]]). The Trịnhfounders andof both clan [[Nguyễn lordsKim]] and his son-in-law [[Trịnh Kiểm]] fled to Thanh Hóa province and refused to accept the rule of the Mạc. All of the region south of the [[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] was under their control, but they were unable to dislodge the Mạc from Thăng[[Hanoi|Đông LongKinh]] ( the capital of state) for many years. During this time, the Nguyễn–Trịnh alliance was led by [[Nguyễn Kim]]; his daughter ''Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bảo'' was married to the Trịnh clan leader, [[Trịnh Kiểm]]. After several unsuccessful revolts, they had to exile in [[Xam Neua]] ([[Kingdom of Lan Xang]]) and settle the exile government at there to reorganize arm forces to fight back [[Mạc dynasty]].

In 1533 the, [[Lê dynasty]] was restored and themanaged Mạcto drivenrecaptured intothe exilesouthern inpart theof far northcountry. However, theThe authority of Lê emperor was not fully restored as restored emperor [[Lê Trang Tông]] was ainstalled powerlessas figurehead-, while true authority lay in the hands of [[Nguyễn Kim]]. In 1543, Nguyễn Kim captured [[Thanh Hóa province|Thanh Hóa]] from Mạc loyalists. Dương Chấp Nhất, commander of Mạc forces in the region, decided to surrender his troops to the advancing Nguyễn forces. When Kim seized Tây Đô citadel and was on route to attack [[Ninh Bình]], in 20 May 1545, Dương Chấp Nhất invited Kim to visit his military camp. In the hot temperature of summer, Dương Chấp Nhất treated Kim with a watermelon. After the party, Kim felt ill after returning home and died the same day. Dương Chấp Nhất later returned to the Mạc dynasty. The records of the ''[[Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư]]'' and ''[[Đại Nam thực lục]]'' both suggest that Dương Chấp Nhất tried to assassinate the emperor [[Lê Trang Tông]] by pretending to surrender. However, the plot was unsuccessful, and then he changed his target to Nguyễn Kim, who was in charge of power and the military.

After the death of Kim, the imperial government was plunged into chaos. Kim's eldest son Nguyễn Uông initially took power, but he was soon secretly assassinated by his brother-in-law [[Trịnh Kiểm]] who assumed control of the government.

Kim's second son [[Nguyễn Hoàng]] feared that he would sufferface same fate as his brother's fate; hence, he attempted to flee the capital to avoid further assassination aimed at him. Later, he asked his sister ''Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bảo'' (wife of Trịnh Kiểm) to ask Kiểm to appoint him to be the governor of Đại Việt's southern frontier province of [[Thuận Hóa]] in what is modern-day Southern of [[Quảng Bình]] , [[Quảng Trị]] to [[Quảng Nam]] provinces, land that once belonged to thekingdom of [[Champa|Cham.]]. Back then, [[Thuận Hóa]] was still regarded as uncivilised land, and simultaneously, [[Trịnh Kiểm]] also sought to remove theremaining power and influence of Nguyễn Hoàng in the capital city; so, he agreed to appointa Nguyễndeal Hoàngin asorder governorto ofkeep theseNguyễn distantHoàng lands.away from capital city.

===WarsTerritorial expansion wars over the south===