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For example, in written English (or other languages using the [[Latin alphabet]]), there are two different physical representations of the [[lowercase]] Latin letter "a": "<big>a</big>" and "<big>ɑ</big>". Since, however, the substitution of either of them for the other cannot change the meaning of a word, they are considered to be allographs of the same grapheme, which can be written {{angbr|a}}. Italic and bold face are also allographic.
There is some disagreement as to whether capital and lower case letters are allographs or distinct graphemes. Capitals are generally found in certain triggering contexts that do not change the meaning of a word: a proper name, for example, or at the beginning of a sentence, or all caps in a newspaper headline. In other contexts, capitalization can determine meaning: compare, for example [[Polish language|Polish]] and [[Shoe polish|polish]]: the former is a language, the latter is for shining shoes.
Some linguists consider [[digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] like the {{angbr|sh}} in ''ship'' to be distinct graphemes, but these are generally analyzed as sequences of graphemes. Non-stylistic [[Typographic ligature|ligatures]], however, such as {{angbr|æ}}, are distinct graphemes, as are various letters with distinctive [[diacritic]]s, such as {{angbr|ç}}. ==Types of grapheme==
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