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The prefecture apostolic of Eritrea was raised by the Holy See to the status of Apostolic Vicariate (headed by a [[titular bishop]]) in 1911.<ref>"GCatholicasmaralatin">[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/asma1.htm Apostolic Vicariate of Asmara], GCatholic.com</ref><ref name=AP741/> In addition, an [[Ethiopic Rite]] [[Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful|Ordinariate]] of Eritrea was established on 4 July 1930, removing those Catholics from the jurisdiction of the then much larger [[Latin Church]] Vicariate.<ref name="GCatholicchange">[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/events/ER.htm Changes in Ecclesiastical Circumscriptions in Eritrea], GCatholic.com</ref><ref name=AP40>''Annuario Pontificio'' 1964, p.40</ref> Father Kidanè-Maryam Cassà, who since 1926 had been their pro-vicar within the Vicariate, was appointed their ordinary and on 3 August 1930 was ordained titular bishop of [[Thibaris]] in the chapel of the [[Roman Colleges#Collegio Etiopico|Pontifical Ethiopian College]] in [[Vatican City]]. At that time they numbered less than 3% of the population of Eritrea.<ref>[http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/4213/1/Tesi%20di%20dottorato%20di%20Antonio%20Cataldi%202013.pdf Antonio Cataldi, ''I missionari cattolici italiani nell'Etiopia occupata'' (2013), p. 125]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique, Volume 100, Issues 3-4|date=2005|publisher=Université Catholique de Louvain|page=1010|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=27UlAQAAIAAJ|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>
The greater importance at that time of the Latin Vicariate is reflected in the impressive church dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary that was completed in 1923 as the seat of the Apostolic Vicariate. Even after the demise of the Vicariate in 1995, it is still called "the cathedral".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.missioni.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mc_02_2011_ok_rid_0.pdf |title="Un antico tempio cattolico della capitale: La Cattedrale di Asmara, Chiesa della Beata Vergine del Rosario", pp. 28-29 of a 2011 issue of ''Missionari Cappuccini'' commemorating the centenary of the foundation of the Apostolic Vicariate of Eritrea |access-date=2016-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220170721/http://www.missioni.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mc_02_2011_ok_rid_0.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shabait.com/categoryblog/939-the-asmara-cathedral-an-architectural-wander|title=The Asmara Cathedral: An Architectural Wonder -|first=shabait|last=Administrator|access-date=10 January 2017|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413035213/http://www.shabait.com/categoryblog/939-the-asmara-cathedral-an-architectural-wander|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Association with Ethiopia ===
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*[[File:EritreanCatholicJurisdiction.png|left|thumb]]
== Statistics 2016<ref>
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*[http://www.eparchyofkeren.com Eparchy of Keren]
*[http://www.shabait.com/categoryblog/939-the-asmara-cathedral-an-architectural-wander Asmara Cathedral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413035213/http://www.shabait.com/categoryblog/939-the-asmara-cathedral-an-architectural-wander |date=2020-04-13 }}
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/eer.html#tail Recent Eritrean Bishops' events]
*[http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat14.pdf Eastern Catholic Churchs: Statistics 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822015856/http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat14.pdf |date=2014-08-22 }}
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