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Objects produced in courtly settings were made for elite political and religious figures, often proclaiming the endurance of the caliphate at that time.<ref>Department of Islamic Art. “The Art of the Umayyad Period in Spain (711–1031).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sumay/hd_sumay.htm (October 2001)</ref> [[Pyxis of al-Mughira]] depicts these themes, utilizing symbolic imagery of lions, hunting, and abundant vegetal ornaments. This [[pyxis]] is heavily detailed and completely covered in decoration. Like the bands of text along the top of the container, the imagery is meant to be perceived from right to left, containing various scenes that complete a unified display.<ref name=":0" /> The use of symbolism was successful in these works because instead of celebrating one specific caliph, the figures and animals are reminiscent of the prevalence of Islam as a whole.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Meisami, Julie Scott, 1937-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/889252264|title=Medieval Persian court poetry|date=14 July 2014|isbn=978-1-4008-5878-1|location=Princeton, New Jersey|oclc=889252264}}</ref>
[[Lion]]s were a common symbol of success, power, and monarchy. Additionally, vegetal and floral imagery displayed abundance, and in the context of many ivory carvings, fertility and femininity.<ref name=":0" /> Women of the court were often the recipients of these ivory containers, for weddings or ceremonies. The containers were used to hold jewelry or perfumes, thus embodying an intimate environment for the container, the owner, and the contents. The delicate character of the ivory was utilized to create a relationship between the object and the woman it was created for. Many containers also included poetic phrases that activated the object, calling attention to its visual characteristics. In
==India==
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