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Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the [[Emperor Wu of Han]].<ref name=First1>{{cite book|last1=Lü|first1=Zongli|title=Power of the words: Chen prophecy in Chinese politics, AD 265-618|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvYvAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+nian+hao+origin|isbn=9783906769561}}</ref><ref name=First2>{{cite book|last1=Sogner|first1=Sølvi|title=Making Sense of Global History: The 19th International Congress of the Historical Sciences, Oslo 2000, Commemorative Volume|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nsWAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam+making+sense+of+global+history|isbn=9788215001067}}</ref> As elsewhere in East Asia, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice,<ref name=First2 /><ref name=Sinosphere>{{cite journal|year=2000|title=International Congress of Historical Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ervAAAAMAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam|journal=International Congress of Historical Sciences|volume=19|isbn=9788299561419|access-date=29 December 2019|last1=Jølstad|first1=Anders|last2=Lunde|first2=Marianne}}</ref><ref name=Japan>{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Ancient-tradition-carries-forward-with-Japan-s-new-era|title=Ancient tradition carries forward with Japan's new era|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> although the Japanese system is independent of the [[Chinese era name|Chinese]], [[Korean era name|Korean]], and [[Vietnamese era name|Vietnamese]] era-naming systems. Unlike these other similar systems, Japanese era names are still in use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers.
 
The five era names used since the end of the [[Edo period]] in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their [[Hepburn romanization|romanized]] names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, [[Shōwa eraperiod|Shōwa]] is the longest era to date.
 
The current era is {{nihongo|[[Reiwa era|Reiwa]]|令和}},<ref name="reiwaannouncement">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/GFU9-8jQ2Nk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070643/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFU9-8jQ2Nk&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|title=Reiwa Nengō Announcement Footage|date=2019-04-01|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFU9-8jQ2Nk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> which began on 1 May 2019, following the 31st (and final) year of the {{nihongo|[[Heisei|Heisei era]]|平成31年}}. While the {{nihongo|Heisei era|平成}} started on the day after the death of the Emperor [[Hirohito]] (8 January 1989), the Reiwa era began the day after the planned and voluntary [[abdication]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/30/world/asia/emperor-akihito-abdication-prince-naruhito.html |title=Emperor Akihito, Who Gave Japan's Monarchy a Human Face, Abdicates Throne |work=The New York Times|last=Rich |first=Motoko |date=30 April 2019|access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> of the 125th Emperor [[Akihito]]. Emperor Akihito received special one-time permission to abdicate,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20160713/k10010594271000.html |title=天皇陛下 「生前退位」の意向示される ("His Majesty The Emperor Indicates His Intention to 'Abdicate'") |publisher=NHK |language=ja |date=13 July 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713100512/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20160713/k10010594271000.html |archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> rather than serving in his role until his death, as is the rule.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36784045|title=Japanese Emperor Akihito 'wishes to abdicate' |work=BBC News|date=13 July 2016|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> His elder son, [[Naruhito]], [[Enthronement of the Japanese Emperor|ascended to the throne]] as the 126th [[Emperor of Japan]] on 1 May 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/japan-rings-era-naruhito-emperor-190430180007614.html |title=Japan rings in new era as Naruhito becomes emperor|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=30 April 2019|access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref>
 
==Overview==
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|
|-
|[[Genji (era)|Genji]]<br/>{{nihongo2|元治}}
|1864–1865 CE
|2 years
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!colspan="5"|[[Emperor Meiji]]<br/>{{nihongo2|明治天皇}}<br/>{{small|(r. 1867–1912 AD)}}
|-
|[[Meiji (era)|Meiji]]<br/>{{nihongo2|明治}}
|1868–1912 AD
|45 years
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!colspan="5"|[[Emperor Taishō]]<br/>{{nihongo2|大正天皇}}<br/>{{small|(r. 1912–1926 AD)}}
|-
|[[Taishō era|Taishō]]<br/>{{nihongo2|大正}}
|1912–1926 AD
|15 years
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!colspan="5"|[[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]]<br/>{{nihongo2|昭和天皇}}<br/>{{small|(r. 1926–1989 AD)}}
|-
|[[Shōwa era(1926–1989)|Shōwa]]<br/>{{nihongo2|昭和}}
|1926–1989 AD
|64 years
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!colspan="5"|[[Akihito]]<br/>{{nihongo2|明仁}}<br/>{{small|(r. 1989–2019 AD)}}
|-
|[[Heisei era|Heisei]]<br/>{{nihongo2|平成}}
|1989–2019 AD
|31 years
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!colspan="5"|[[Naruhito]]<br/>{{nihongo2|徳仁}}<br/>{{small|(r. 2019 AD–present)}}
|-
|[[Reiwa era|Reiwa]]<br/>{{nihongo2|令和}}
|2019 AD–present
|{{age in years and days|2019|05|01|age=no}}
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