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==Early years==
Howe was born as '''Irving Horenstein''' in [[The Bronx]], [[New York City|New York]]. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from [[Bessarabia]], Nettie (née Goldman) and David Horenstein, who ran a small grocery store that went out of business during the [[Great Depression]].<ref>Rodden, John and Goffman, Ethan (2010). "Chronology". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DCwaO17isQMC
Howe attended [[City College of New York]] and graduated in 1940,<ref name=NYT/> alongside [[Daniel Bell]] and [[Irving Kristol]]; by the summer of 1940, he had changed his name to Howe for political (as distinct from official) purposes.<ref>Edward Alexander, ''Irving Howe - Socialist, Critic, Jew'' ([[Indiana University Press]], 1998; {{ISBN|0253113210}}), p. 10.</ref> While at school, he was constantly debating socialism, Stalinism, fascism, and the meaning of Judaism. He served in the US Army during [[World War II]]. Upon his return, he began writing literary and cultural criticism for the CIA-backed ''[[Partisan Review]]'' and became a frequent essayist for ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]'', ''[[politics (magazine 1944-1949)|politics]]'', ''[[The Nation]]'', ''[[The New Republic]]'', and ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''. In 1954, Howe helped found the intellectual quarterly ''[[Dissent (American magazine)|Dissent]]'', which he edited until his death in 1993.<ref name=NYT/> In the 1950s Howe taught English and [[Yiddish]] literature at [[Brandeis University]] in [[Waltham, Massachusetts]]. He used the ''Howe and Greenberg Treasury of Yiddish Stories'' as the text for a course on the Yiddish story, when few were spreading knowledge or appreciation of the works in American colleges and universities.
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