Martin Ruland the Elder: Difference between revisions

{{Multiplemore issues|{{refimprovecitations needed|date=March 2024}}}}

'''Martin Ruland the Elder''' (1532, in [[Freising]] – 3 February 1602), also known as ''Martinus Rulandus'' or ''Martin Rulandt'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catalogue - Detail page |url=https://katalog.dnb.de/EN/resource.html?pr=0&sortA=bez&sortD=-dat&hit=26&t=%22martin+ruland%22&th=33&v=plist&tk=ABC0861AFFC553801AB854EFDCCFFF36E899829E&sp=auth&key=all |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=katalog.dnb.de |language=en}}</ref> was a German [[physician]], [[alchemy|alchemist]] and [[Classical Philology|classical philologist]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seldeslachts |first=Herman |last2=Van Rooy |first2=Raf |date=2022-04-05 |title=“Every fox praises its own tail”. Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) on Slavic dialects |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/slaw-2022-0001/html |journal=Zeitschrift für Slawistik |language=en |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1-431–43 |doi=10.1515/slaw-2022-0001 |issn=2196-7016|hdl=10852/101548 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Healy |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LIgW7aFGT4C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=%22ruland+the+elder%22+alchemist+-lexicon&hl=en |title=Shakespeare, Alchemy and the Creative Imagination: The Sonnets and A Lover's Complaint |date=2011-04-28 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00404-7 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> He was a follower of the physician [[Paracelsus]].

Ruland had six known descendants. Four of his sons also became doctors. His son [[Martin Ruland the Younger]] (1569–1611) also became a renowned physician and alchemist.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Classen |first=Albrecht |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBt9DgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA569&dq=%22martin+ruland%22+freising&hl=en |title=Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature: Explorations of Textual Presentations of Filth and Water |last2=Willard |first2=Thomas |date=2017-03-20 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-052379-9 |pages=569-571569–571 |language=en |chapter=Testing te Waters: Early Modern Studies}}</ref>

Presumably the elder of the two published "Centuries" of cures titled "Curationum empiricarum et historicarum Centuria" in 10 volumes from 1578 to 1596 in Basel.{{cncitation needed|date=March 2024}}

Ruland's writings are rooted in the alchemical views of his time. He mostly used [[Antimony|antimony-containing]] [[emetics]] as remedies. His [[antimony potassium tartrate]]-based emetic ''(aqua benedicta rulandi'' or Ruland's water) became well known and was found in [[Pharmacopoeia|pharmacopoeiaspharmacopoeia]]s until the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dunglison |first=Robley |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=JW499-kzsDMC&pg=PA906#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Medical lexicon |date=1856 |publisher=Blanchard and Lea |pages=906 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=James Junior |url=https://books.google.no/books?id=vKFdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA318&lpg=PA318&dq=%22ruland%27s+water%22&source=bl&ots=g59ZYPOiJR&sig=ACfU3U3rNbcWpclqCL4qhfxxHY0pSo2w3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj93vi347eFAxUqGxAIHTRkC68Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ruland&f=false |title=Observations on the Seats and Causes of Diseases, Illustrated by the Dissections of the Late Professor Morgagni |publisher=P. Hill |year=1795 |volume=1 |location=Edinburgh |publication-date=1795 |pages=318 |pmid=30299864}}</ref>

In addition to his medical activities, Ruland wrote medical texts on [[bloodletting]] and [[Cupping therapy|cupping]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruland |first=Martin |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A35400.0001.001?view=toc |title=Two treatises, the first of blood-letting and the diseases to be cured thereby, the second of cupping and scarifying, and the diseases to be cured thereby. |last2=Culpeper |first2=Nicholas |last3=Cole |first3=Abdiah |publisher=Peter Cole |year=1663 |location=London |language=}}</ref> as well as balneological applications of water for diseases.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruland |first=Martin |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb00015631?page=1 |title=Vom Wasserbaden: drey Theyl |publisher=Mayer |year=1568 |location=Dillingen |language=DE}}</ref>. He als published writings on the Greek language, such as the frequently published ''Dictionarium latino-graecum sive synonymorum copia''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dictionarivm Latinograecum, siue Synonymorum copia. 1' - Viewer {{!}} MDZ |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10185007?page=1 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=www.digitale-sammlungen.de |language=la, grc}}</ref>