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[[File:Slavery in the 13 colonies.jpg|thumb|A map of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] in 1770, showing the number of slaves in each colony<ref>Ira Berlin, ''Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves'' (2003) pp. 272–276.</ref>]]
 
England had multiple sugar colonies in the Caribbean, especially [[Colony of Jamaica|Jamaica]], [[Barbados]], [[Nevis]], and [[Antigua]], which provided a steady flow of sugar produced by slave labor to Europe and North America.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard B. Sheridan|title=Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUV98bwrqscC&pg=PA415|year=1974|publisher=Canoe Press|pages=415–26|isbn=9789768125132 }}</ref> The [[Colonial period of South Carolina|colony of South Carolina]] was dominated by a [[planter class]] who initially migrated from the [[British West Indies|British Caribbean]] island of Barbados, and used the [[Barbados Slave Code]] of 1661 as a model to control and terrorize the African American slave population.<ref>Joseph Hall, [http://www.common-place-archives.org/vol-03/no-01/reviews/hall.shtml "The Great Indian Slave Caper", review of Alan Gallay, ''The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717''], ''Common-place,'' vol. 3, no. 1 (October 2002), accessed 5 March 2017.</ref>[[Barbados]] provided a steady flow of sugar produced by slave labor to Europe and North America.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard B. Sheridan|title=Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUV98bwrqscC&pg=PA415|year=1974|publisher=Canoe Press|pages=415–26|isbn=9789768125132 }}</ref>

The [[Province of Georgia|Georgia colony]] was initially founded by [[James Oglethorpe]] as a buffer state to defend the southern British colonies from Spanish Florida. Oglethorpe imagined a province populated by "sturdy farmers" who could guard the border; because of this, the colony's charter prohibited slavery. Unfortunately, the ban on slavery was lifted by 1751, and the colony became a [[royal colony]] in 1752.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/royal-georgia-1752-1776 |title=Royal Georgia, 1752-1776 |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |language=en |access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref> At the time of the [[American Revolution]], South Carolina and Georgia were majority African American, as indicated by the map on the right.
 
Although often used in history books to refer to the seven states that originally formed the Confederacy, the term "Deep South" did not come into general usage until long after the Civil War ended. For at least the remainder of the 19th century, "Lower South" was the primary designation for those states. When "Deep South" first began to gain mainstream currency in print in the middle of the 20th century, it applied to the states and areas of South Carolina, Georgia, southern Alabama, northern Florida, Mississippi, [[North Louisiana|northern Louisiana]], [[West Tennessee]], [[South Arkansas|southern Arkansas]], and eastern Texas, all historical areas of cotton plantations and slavery.<ref>Roller, David C., and Twyman, Robert W., editors (1979). ''The Encyclopedia of Southern History''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.</ref> This was the part of the South many considered the "most Southern."<ref>James C. Cobb, ''[[The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity]]'' (1992) p. vii.</ref>
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