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{{Prose|section|date=December 2013}}
*Among first inhabitants were the [[Comanche|Penteka]].<ref name="Taylor County, Texas">{{cite web|last=Leffler|first=John|title=Taylor County, Texas|url=
*1849 [[Randolph B. Marcy|Capt. Randolph Marcy]], U. S. Army engineer passes through scouting out West Texas to California routes.<ref name="Spirits of the Border V: The History and Mystery of the Lone Star State">{{cite book|last=Hundell|first=Ken and Sharon|title=Spirits of the Border V: The History and Mystery of the Lone Star State|year=2005|publisher=Omega Press|isbn=978-0-9626087-9-7|pages=118–119}}</ref>
*1858 The Texas legislature establishes Taylor County from [[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar]] and [[Travis County, Texas|Travis]] counties. The county is named for Alamo defenders [[Edward Taylor (Alamo defender)|Edward]], [[James Taylor (Alamo defender)|James]], and [[George Taylor (Alamo defender)|George Taylor]]. [[Butterfield Overland Mail]] establishes the Mountain Pass Station at Merkel, in continual use until 1861.<ref name="Taylor County, Texas"/>
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*1906 [[Abilene Christian University]] opens its doors as Childers Classical Institute.<ref>{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Douglas A|title=The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement |year=2005|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8028-3898-8|author2=Blowers, Paul M |author3=Dunnavant, Anthony L |author4= Williams, D Newell |page=1}}</ref>
*1924 Hendricks Medical Center opens in Abilene as West Texas Baptist Sanitarium. [[West Texas Historical Association]] is chartered in Abilene.<ref name="Taylor County, Texas"/>
*1926 The first senior class of [[McMurry University]] graduates.<ref>{{cite web|last=Downs|first=Fane|title=McMurry University |url=
*1929 Oil is discovered in the county.<ref>{{cite book|last=Warner|first=C A|title=Texas Oil & Gas Since 1543|year=2007|publisher=Copano Bay Press |isbn=978-0-9767799-5-7|author2=Thompson, Ernest O |page=227}}</ref>
*1933 Abilene donates land for use by the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ebeling|first=Walter|title=Fruited Plain: The Story of American Agriculture |url=https://archive.org/details/fruitedplainstor00ebel|url-access=registration|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-03751-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/fruitedplainstor00ebel/page/249 249]}}</ref>
*1942 [[Dyess Air Force Base]] is established as Abilene AFB. It is named in honor of Texas native and [[Bataan Death March]] survivor [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[William Dyess]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Leatherwood|first=Art|title=Dyess Air Force Base|url=
*1950 The Abilene Philharmonic Orchestra is created, with Jay Dietzer as the first conductor.<ref name="Taylor County, Texas"/>
*1956 [[Buffalo Gap Historic Village]] opens.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aston|first=B W|title=Along the Texas Forts Trail|year=1997|publisher=University of North Texas Press|isbn=978-1-57441-035-8|author2=Taylor, Ira Donathon |page=49}}</ref>
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