Welcome to the Bosnia and Herzegovina Portal
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Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20 kilometres (12 miles) long coast on the Adriatic Sea, with the town of Neum being its only access to the sea. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.
The area has been inhabited since at least the Upper Paleolithic, but evidence suggests that during the Neolithic age, permanent human settlements were established, including those that belonged to the Butmir, Kakanj, and Vučedol cultures. After the arrival of the first Indo-Europeans, the area was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. The ancestors of the South Slavic peoples that populate the area today arrived during the 6th through the 9th century. In the 12th century, the Banate of Bosnia was established; by the 14th century, this had evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia. In the mid-15th century, it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it remained until the late 19th century; the Ottomans brought Islam to the region. From the late 19th century until World War I, the country was annexed into the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. In the interwar period, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After World War II, it was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1992, following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republic proclaimed independence. This was followed by the Bosnian War, which lasted until late 1995 and ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement.
The country is home to three main ethnic groups: Bosniaks are the largest group, Serbs the second-largest, and Croats the third-largest. Minorities include Jews, Roma, Albanians, Montenegrins, Ukrainians and Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency made up of one member from each of the three major ethnic groups. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized. It comprises two autonomous entities—the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska—and a third unit, the Brčko District, which is governed by its own local government.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country and ranks 74th in the Human Development Index. Its economy is dominated by industry and agriculture, followed by tourism and the service sector. Tourism has increased significantly in recent years. The country has a social-security and universal-healthcare system, and primary and secondary level education is free. It is a member of the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Partnership for Peace, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement; it is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, established in July 2008. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate country and has also been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010. (Full article...)
Selected article -
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Operation Southern Move (Croatian: Operacija Južni potez) was the final Croatian Army (HV) and Croatian Defence Council (HVO) offensive of the Bosnian War. It took place in western Bosnia and Herzegovina on 8–11 October 1995. Its goal was to help the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) whose positions around the town of Ključ, captured by them during Operation Sana, were endangered by a counteroffensive by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The objectives of Operation Southern Move included the capture of the town of Mrkonjić Grad and positions on the Manjača Mountain which would allow the HV and the HVO to directly threaten Banja Luka, the largest city controlled by Bosnian Serbs. Finally, the offensive was also aimed at capturing the Bočac Hydroelectric Power Station, the last significant source of electricity under VRS control in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The combined HV and HVO forces were under the overall command of HV Major General Ante Gotovina.
The offensive achieved its objectives, and significantly contributed, along with Operations Sana and Maestral 2 to forcing the Bosnian Serb leadership to serious peace negotiations. The offensive also contributed to the displacement of 10,000 Bosnian Serb refugees and resulted in the deaths of at least 181 Serbs while hundreds more went missing following the operation. A country-wide ceasefire came into effect on 12 October, one day after the offensive ended, and was soon followed by negotiations which produced the Dayton Agreement, ending the Bosnian War. (Full article...)General images
More did you know
![Visoko](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/VisokoPanorama.jpg/200px-VisokoPanorama.jpg)
- ...that archeological excavations proved that the Visoko valley (pictured) was the center of the medieval Bosnian state and later kingdom?
Cities
- Banja Luka
- Bihać
- Berkovići
- Bijeljina
- Bosanska Krupa
- Bosanski Petrovac
- Brčko
- Brod
- Bugojno
- Cajnice
- Cazin
- Derventa
- Doboj
- Donji Vakuf
- Dubica
- Foča
- Goražde
- Gornji Vakuf
- Gračanica
- Gradačac
- Gradiška
- Ilidža
- Istočno Sarajevo
- Jajce
- Jablanica
- Kakanj
- Kalesija
- Konjic
- Kotor Varoš
- Laktaši
- Livno
- Ljubuški
- Lukavac
- Modriča
- Mostar
- Nevesinje
- Neum
- Novi Grad
- Novi Travnik
- Olovo
- Petrovo
- Prijedor
- Prnjavor
- Sanski Most
- Sarajevo
- Srebrenik
- Srebrenica
- Teslić
- Tešanj
- Travnik
- Trebinje
- Tuzla
- Velika Kladuša
- Visoko
- Vitez
- Zavidovići
- Zenica
- Zvornik
- Živinice
- Žepče
Selected biography -
Ismet Popovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Исмет Поповац; died 21 August 1943) was a Bosnian Muslim lawyer and physician who led a Muslim Chetnik militia known as the Muslim People's Military Organization (MNVO) in Bosnia and Herzegovina during World War II. He was active in pre-war Yugoslav politics, becoming a member of the Serbian Muslim cultural organization Gajret and serving as the mayor of Konjic, a town in northern Herzegovina. He is also said to have been candidate for Vladko Maček's electoral list, but was left without a job in the Yugoslav state government after the creation of the Banovina of Croatia in August 1939.
Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Popovac joined the Chetnik movement of Draža Mihailović. Popovac was a proponent of Bosnian Muslim cooperation with the Chetniks and suggested that they recruit Muslims into their ranks. In October 1942, he enlisted Italian aid in fighting the communist Partisans, and later visited Prozor to discourage further bloodshed after a Chetnik massacre that took the lives of as many as 2,500 Muslim and Croat civilians. In early 1943, he led an attack against a Muslim village. Later that year, he was killed in disputed circumstances near the town of Trebinje. (Full article...)List of selected biographies
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Did you know (auto-generated)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png)
- ... that Ivan Ančić was the first Bosnian Franciscan to use the Latin script to write in his native language?
- ... that a Socialist Youth League candidate in the 1990 Bosnian general election registered his ethnicity as 'Eskimo' as an apparent protest against ethnic registry requirements for candidates?
Subcategories
Related portals
Religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ex-Yugoslav countries
Other countries
Topics
Recognized content
Things you can do
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- Request images:
- Request maps:
- Sarajevo city location map
- Articles wanted:
- Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (Koševo hospital);
- Articles needing major work, Be Bold!: **
- Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- List of universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Subpages of List of settlements in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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- Current Featured Candidates:
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Web resources
- B&H Tourism - Official Web Site
- Tourism Association of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Official Web Site
- Tourism Association of Republika Srpska - Official Web Site
- Duga-Tehna
Other links:
- Bosnian National Monument - Muslibegovica House
- "Bosnia and Herzegovina". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
- Bosnia & Herzegovina Economy
- Bosnia and Herzegovina Map
- Bosnia News
- rjecnik.ba English-Bosnian and German-Bosnian On-line Dictionary (in Bosnian, English, and German)
- The State of Media Freedom in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Public Service Broadcasting Report by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media
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