Compare with Hebrew חרם (ḥerem, “net”).
3-lit.
- (transitive) to catch (a fish), to fish up [since the Pyramid Texts]
- (transitive, by extension) to fish (anything) out of water [since the Pyramid Texts]
- (transitive, by extension) to catch other entities, such as fowl, snakes, or the dead, with a net [Book of the Dead]
- (transitive) to fish with (a net) [Book of the Dead]
- (transitive, Late Egyptian) to catch red-handed, to catch (someone) doing something forbidden
- (intransitive) to fish [since the Pyramid Texts]
Conjugation of ḥꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥꜣm, geminated stem: ḥꜣmm
infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥꜣm
|
ḥꜣmw, ḥꜣm
|
ḥꜣmt
|
ḥꜣm
|
ḥꜣm
|
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥꜣm
|
ḥr ḥꜣm
|
m ḥꜣm
|
r ḥꜣm
|
suffix conjugation
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
ḥꜣm.n
|
ḥꜣmw, ḥꜣm
|
consecutive
|
ḥꜣm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
terminative
|
ḥꜣmt
|
perfective3
|
ḥꜣm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ḥꜣm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
imperfective
|
ḥꜣm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
prospective3
|
ḥꜣm
|
ḥꜣmm
|
potentialis1
|
ḥꜣm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
subjunctive
|
ḥꜣm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
verbal adjectives
|
aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
ḥꜣm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
perfective
|
ḥꜣm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥꜣm
|
ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw5, ḥꜣmy5
|
imperfective
|
ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmy, ḥꜣmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmj6, ḥꜣmy6
|
ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw5
|
prospective
|
ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmtj7
|
—
|
ḥꜣmtj4, ḥꜣmt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣm
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 31.12–32.2
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 163