U+78CB, 磋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78CB

[U+78CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+78CC]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 112, +10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿手一 (MRTQM), four-corner 18611, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 834, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24395
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2445, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+78CB

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic (stone) + phonetic (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (14) (14)
Final () (94) (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter tsha tshwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰa/ /t͡sʰwaH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cuō cuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
co1 co3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English file, polish (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 18011
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰlaːl/

Definitions

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  1. (literal) to polish
  2. (figurative) to deliberate

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

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  • Go-on: (sa)
  • Kan-on: (sa)
  • Kun: みがく (migaku, 磋く)

Korean

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Hanja

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(cha) (hangeul , revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tha

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Readings

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  • Nôm: tha, xây

References

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  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville