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|name=Melanau–Kajang
|name=Melanau–Kajang
|altname=Central Sarawak
|altname=Central Sarawak
|region=[[Borneo]]
|region=[[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]] ([[Borneo]])
|familycolor=Austronesian
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
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}}
}}


The '''Melanau–Kajang languages''' or '''Central Sarawak languages''' are a group of languages spoken in [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]], by the [[Melanau]], [[Kenyah people|Kenyah]], and related peoples.
The '''Melanau–Kajang languages''' or '''Central Sarawak languages''' are a group of languages spoken in [[Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] by the [[Kenyah people|Kenyah]], [[Melanau]] and related peoples.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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***[[Hovongan language|Hovongan]]
***[[Hovongan language|Hovongan]]
***[[Krio Dayak language|Kereho]], [[Aoheng language|Aoheng]], [[Seputan language|Seputan]]
***[[Krio Dayak language|Kereho]], [[Aoheng language|Aoheng]], [[Seputan language|Seputan]]

==Austroasiatic influence==
Kaufman (2018) notes that many Proto-Central Sarawak words (Smith 2017) are of likely [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] origin, including the following (''Note'': The Austroasiatic branch reconstructions are from [[Paul Sidwell]]'s reconstructions; Proto-Pearic is from Headley (1985)<ref name="Headley1985">Headley, Robert K. 1985. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/headley1985proto.pdf Proto-Pearic and the classification of Pearic]." In Suriya Ratanakult et al. (eds.), ''Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies Presented to Andre-G. Haudricourt''. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University. pp. 428-478.</ref>).<ref>Kaufman, Daniel. 2018. ''Between mainland and island Southeast Asia: Evidence for a Mon-Khmer presence in Borneo''. Ronald and Janette Gatty Lecture Series. Kahin Center for Advanced Research on Southeast Asia, Cornell University. ([https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-handout.pdf handout] / [https://bahasawan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cornell-Borneo-slides.pdf slides])</ref>
* *siaw ‘chicken’ (cf. Proto-Khasic *sʔiar; Proto-Khmuic *(s)ʔiər)
* *tilaŋ ‘[[tiger leech]]’ (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟləəŋ)
* *(ə)liŋ ‘saliva’

Proto-Kajang words of likely Austroasiatic origin:
* *diə̯k ‘chicken’ (cf. Proto-Pearic *hlɛːk)
* *(u)bəl ‘mute’ (cf. Proto-Bahnaric *kmlɔː)

Proto-Müller-Schwaner words of likely Austroasiatic origin:
* *ənap ‘fish scale’


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*Rensch, Calvin R. 2012. [http://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/47763 ''Melanau and the Languages of Central Sarawak'']. SIL Electronic Survey Report. SIL International.
*Rensch, Calvin R. 2012. [http://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/47763 ''Melanau and the Languages of Central Sarawak'']. SIL Electronic Survey Report. SIL International.

{{Bornean languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Melanau-Kajang languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Melanau-Kajang languages}}

Latest revision as of 14:26, 19 February 2023

Melanau–Kajang
Central Sarawak
Geographic
distribution		Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo)
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Subdivisions
  • Kajang (Kayang)
  • Melanau
  • Punan–Müller-Schwaner
Glottologsara1342

The Melanau–Kajang languages or Central Sarawak languages are a group of languages spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia by the Kenyah, Melanau and related peoples.

Classification

[edit]

Smith (2017)

[edit]

Smith (2017)[1] uses the term Central Sarawak, and puts it as an independent branch within the Greater North Borneo subgroup. He classifies the languages as follows.

Austroasiatic influence

[edit]

Kaufman (2018) notes that many Proto-Central Sarawak words (Smith 2017) are of likely Austroasiatic origin, including the following (Note: The Austroasiatic branch reconstructions are from Paul Sidwell's reconstructions; Proto-Pearic is from Headley (1985)[2]).[3]

  • *siaw ‘chicken’ (cf. Proto-Khasic *sʔiar; Proto-Khmuic *(s)ʔiər)
  • *tilaŋ ‘tiger leech’ (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟləəŋ)
  • *(ə)liŋ ‘saliva’

Proto-Kajang words of likely Austroasiatic origin:

  • *diə̯k ‘chicken’ (cf. Proto-Pearic *hlɛːk)
  • *(u)bəl ‘mute’ (cf. Proto-Bahnaric *kmlɔː)

Proto-Müller-Schwaner words of likely Austroasiatic origin:

  • *ənap ‘fish scale’

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smith, Alexander. 2017. The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
  2. ^ Headley, Robert K. 1985. "Proto-Pearic and the classification of Pearic." In Suriya Ratanakult et al. (eds.), Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies Presented to Andre-G. Haudricourt. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University. pp. 428-478.
  3. ^ Kaufman, Daniel. 2018. Between mainland and island Southeast Asia: Evidence for a Mon-Khmer presence in Borneo. Ronald and Janette Gatty Lecture Series. Kahin Center for Advanced Research on Southeast Asia, Cornell University. (handout / slides)
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