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Hizen Province (肥前国, Hizen no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area of the Saga and Nagasaki prefectures.^[1] It was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Higo Province. Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo. The province was included in Saikaidō. It did not include the regions of Tsushima and Iki that are now part of modern Nagasaki Prefecture.

History

The name "Hizen" dates from the Nara period Ritsuryō Kokugunri system reforms, when the province was divided from Higo Province. The name appears in the early chronicle Shoku Nihongi from 696 AD. The ancient provincial capital of Hizen was located near Yamato City.

During the late Muromachi period, the province was the site of much early contact between Japan and Portuguese and Spanish merchants and missionaries. Hirado, and later Nagasaki became major foreign trade centers, and a large percentage of the population converted to Roman Catholicism. Toyotomi Hideyoshi directed the invasion of Korea from the city of Nagoya, in Hizen, and after the suppression of foreign contacts and prohibition against the Kirishitan religion, the Shimabara Rebellion also took place in Hizen province.

List of han

During the Edo period, Hizen Province was divided among several daimyōs, but dominated by the Nabeshima clan, whose domain was centered at the castle town of Saga. At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, Hizen was divided between the following han:

Domain	Daimyō	Revenue (koku)	Type
Saga Domain	Nabeshima	357,000	tozama
Ogi Domain	Nabeshima	73,000	tozama
Shimabara Domain	Matsudaira	70,000	fudai
Hirado Domain	Matsuura	61,000	tozama
Karatsu Domain	Ogasawara	60,000	fudai
Hasunoike Domain	Nabeshima	52,000	tozama
Ōmura Domain	Ōmura	28,000	tozama
Kashima Domain	Nabeshima	20,000	tozama
Fukue Domain	Gotō	12,000	tozama

During this period, the port of Nagasaki remained a tenryō territory, administered for the Tokugawa government by the Nagasaki bugyō, and contained the Dutch East India Company trading post of Dejima. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 came the Abolition of the han system in 1871, whereby all daimyo were obliged to surrender their domains to the new Meiji government, which then divided the nation into numerous prefectures, which were consolidated into 47 prefectures and 3 urban areas by 1888. The former Hizen province was divided into modern Saga Prefecture and a portion of Nagasaki Prefecture. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes. For example, Hizen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.^[2]

Historical districts

Saga Prefecture
- Fujitsu District (藤津郡)
- Kanzaki District (神埼郡)
- Kii District (基肄郡) – merged with Mine and Yabu Districts to become Miyaki District (三養基郡) on March 26, 1896
- Kishima District (杵島郡)
- Mine District (三根郡) – merged with Kii and Yabu Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
- Ogi District (小城郡) – dissolved
- Saga District (佐賀郡) – dissolved
- Yabu District (養父郡) – merged with Kii and Mine Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
Nagasaki Prefecture
- Sonogi District (彼杵郡)
  - Higashisonogi District (東彼杵郡)
  - Nishisonogi District (西彼杵郡)
  - Nagasaki-shi (長崎市)
- Takaki District (高来郡)
  - Kitatakaki District (北高来郡) – dissolved
  - Minamitakaki District (南高来郡) – dissolved
Mixed
- Matsuura District (松浦郡)
  - Higashimatsuura District (東松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Nishimatsuura District)
  - Kitamatsuura District (北松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
  - Minamimatsuura District (南松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
  - Nishimatsuura District (西松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Higashimatsuura District)

Maps

Keichō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (1837 copy of lost c.1605 original) (Takeo City Library and Historical Museum)
Shōhō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (1647) (Chōkokan)
Genroku Kuniezu - Hizen Province (1701) (Chōkokan)
Tenpō Kuniezu - Hizen Province, with Chikuzen in pink and Chikugo in yellow (1838) (National Archives of Japan)

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hizen" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 338, p. 338, at Google Books.
^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.

References

Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Papinot, Edmond. (1910). Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. OCLC 77691250

Other websites

Media related to Hizen Province at Wikimedia Commons

Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
National Archives of Japan: Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko, scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Karatsu Domain, 1773-1784

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hizen" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 338, p. 338, at Google Books.

[2] US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Former province of Japan}}
 {{For|the former Russian battle ship operated as ''Hizen'' by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1908 to 1922|Russian battleship Retvizan}}
 [[Image:Provinces of Japan-Hizen.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Hizen Province highlighted]]
+[[File:Hizen-kokucho-ato zenkei-1.JPG|thumb|Hizen [[Kokufu#Organisation|Kokuchō]] Site in [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]]]
-{{nihongo|'''Hizen Province'''|肥前国|Hizen no kuni}} was an [[old provinces of Japan|old province]] of [[Japan]] in the area of [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]] and [[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki]] prefectures.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Hizen''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 338|page=338}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Hishū'''|肥州}}, with [[Higo Province]]. Hizen bordered on the provinces of [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen]] and [[Chikugo Province|Chikugo]]. The province was included in [[Saikaidō]].  It did not include the regions of [[Tsushima Province|Tsushima]] and [[Iki Province|Iki]] that are now part of modern Nagasaki prefecture.
+[[File:Hizen Kokubunji.JPG|thumb|Hizen [[Kokubun-ji]] Site in [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]]]
+{{nihongo|'''Hizen Province'''|肥前国|Hizen no kuni}} was an [[old provinces of Japan|old province]] of [[Japan]] in the area of the [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]] and [[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki]] prefectures.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Hizen''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 338|page=338}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Hishū'''|肥州}}, with [[Higo Province]]. Hizen bordered on the provinces of [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen]] and [[Chikugo Province|Chikugo]]. The province was included in [[Saikaidō]].  It did not include the regions of [[Tsushima Province|Tsushima]] and [[Iki Province|Iki]] that are now part of modern Nagasaki Prefecture.
+==History==
-The name "Hizen" dates from the [[Nara Period]] ''[[Ritsuryō]]'' ''Kokugunri'' system reforms, when the province was divided from [[Higo Province]]. The name appears in the early chronicle ''Shoku Nihongi'' from 696 AD. The ancient [[Capital (political)|provincial capital]] of Hizen was located near [[Yamato, Saga|Yamato]] city.
+The name "Hizen" dates from the [[Nara period]] ''[[Ritsuryō]]'' ''Kokugunri'' system reforms, when the province was divided from [[Higo Province]]. The name appears in the early chronicle ''Shoku Nihongi'' from 696 AD. The ancient [[Capital (political)|provincial capital]] of Hizen was located near [[Yamato, Saga|Yamato]] City.
-During the late [[Muromachi Period]], the province was the site of much early contact between Japan and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] and [[Spain|Spanish]] merchants and missionaries. [[Hirado, Nagasaki|Hirado]], and later [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] became major foreign trade centers, and a large percentage of the population converted to [[Roman Catholicism]]. [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] directed the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|invasion of Korea]] from the city of [[Nagoya, Nagasaki|Nagoya]], in Hizen, and after the [[sakoku|suppression of foreign contacts]] and prohibition against the ''[[Kirishitan]]'' religion, the [[Shimabara Rebellion]] also took place in Hizen province.
+During the late [[Muromachi period]], the province was the site of much early contact between Japan and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] and [[Spain|Spanish]] merchants and missionaries. [[Hirado, Nagasaki|Hirado]], and later [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] became major foreign trade centers, and a large percentage of the population converted to [[Roman Catholicism]]. [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] directed the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|invasion of Korea]] from the city of [[Nagoya, Nagasaki|Nagoya]], in Hizen, and after the [[sakoku|suppression of foreign contacts]] and prohibition against the ''[[Kirishitan]]'' religion, the [[Shimabara Rebellion]] also took place in Hizen province.
+===List of han===
-During the [[Edo period]], Hizen province was divided among several ''[[daimyo]]'', but dominated by the [[Nabeshima clan]], whose domain was centered at the castle town of [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]. At the end of the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]], Hizen was divided between the following [[han (feudal domain)|''han'']]:
+During the [[Edo period]], Hizen Province was divided among several ''[[daimyō]]s'', but dominated by the [[Nabeshima clan]], whose domain was centered at the castle town of [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]. At the end of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], Hizen was divided between the following [[han (feudal domain)|''han'']]:
 {| class="wikitable" border="1"
 |-
 ! Domain
+! ''Daimyō''
-! Daimyo
 ! Revenue (''[[koku]]'')
 | Type
@@ Line 62: / Line 67: @@
 |}
-During this period, the port of Nagasaki remained a [[tenryō]] territory, administered for the Tokugawa government by the [[Nagasaki bugyō]], and contained the [[Dutch East India Company]] trading post of [[Dejima]]. After the [[Meiji Restoration]] in 1868 came the [[Abolition of the han system]] in 1871, whereby all daimyo were obliged to surrender their domains to the new [[Meiji government]], which then divided the nation into numerous [[prefecture (Japan)|prefectures]], which were consolidated into 47 prefectures and 3 urban areas by 1888. The former Hizen province was divided into modern [[Saga Prefecture]] and a portion of [[Nagasaki Prefecture]].  At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes.  For example, Hizen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the [[United States]] and (b) between Japan and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [http://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq=  ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>
+During this period, the port of Nagasaki remained a [[tenryō]] territory, administered for the Tokugawa government by the [[Nagasaki bugyō]], and contained the [[Dutch East India Company]] trading post of [[Dejima]]. After the [[Meiji Restoration]] in 1868 came the [[Abolition of the han system]] in 1871, whereby all daimyo were obliged to surrender their domains to the new [[Meiji government]], which then divided the nation into numerous [[prefecture (Japan)|prefectures]], which were consolidated into 47 prefectures and 3 urban areas by 1888. The former Hizen province was divided into modern [[Saga Prefecture]] and a portion of [[Nagasaki Prefecture]].  At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes.  For example, Hizen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the [[United States]] and (b) between Japan and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759  ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>
+==Historical districts==
+* [[Saga Prefecture]]
+** [[Fujitsu District, Saga|Fujitsu District]] (藤津郡)
+** [[Kanzaki District, Saga|Kanzaki District]] (神埼郡)
+** [[Kii District, Saga|Kii District]] (基肄郡) – merged with Mine and Yabu Districts to become [[Miyaki District, Saga|Miyaki District]] (三養基郡) on March 26, 1896
+** [[Kishima District, Saga|Kishima District]] (杵島郡)
+** [[Mine District, Saga|Mine District]] (三根郡) – merged with Kii and Yabu Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
+** [[Ogi District, Saga|Ogi District]] (小城郡) – dissolved
+** [[Saga District, Saga|Saga District]] (佐賀郡) – dissolved
+** [[Yabu District, Saga|Yabu District]] (養父郡) – merged with Kii and Mine Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
+* [[Nagasaki Prefecture]]
+** [[Sonogi District, Hizen|Sonogi District]] (彼杵郡)
+*** [[Higashisonogi District, Nagasaki|Higashisonogi District]] (東彼杵郡)
+*** [[Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki|Nishisonogi District]] (西彼杵郡)
+*** [[Nagasaki|Nagasaki-shi]] (長崎市)
+** [[Takaki District, Hizen|Takaki District]] (高来郡)
+*** [[Kitatakaki District, Nagasaki|Kitatakaki District]] (北高来郡) – dissolved
+*** [[Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki|Minamitakaki District]] (南高来郡) – dissolved
+* Mixed
+** [[Matsuura District, Hizen|Matsuura District]] (松浦郡)
+*** [[Higashimatsuura District, Saga|Higashimatsuura District]] (東松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Nishimatsuura District)
+*** [[Kitamatsuura District, Nagasaki|Kitamatsuura District]] (北松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
+*** [[Minami-Matsuura District, Nagasaki|Minamimatsuura District]] (南松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
+*** [[Nishimatsuura District, Saga|Nishimatsuura District]] (西松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Higashimatsuura District)
+==Maps==
+<gallery>
+Keichō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (1837 copy) (Takeo City Library and Historical Museum).jpg|''[[Keichō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1837 copy of lost c.1605 original) ([[Takeo City Library and Historical Museum]])
+Shōhō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (Chōkokan).jpg|''[[Shōhō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1647) ([[Chōkokan]])
+Genroku Kuniezu - Hizen Province (Chōkokan).jpg|''[[Genroku]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1701) ([[Chōkokan]])
+Tenpō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (National Archives of Japan).jpg|''[[Tenpō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province, with [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen]] in pink and [[Chikugo Province|Chikugo]] in yellow (1838) ([[National Archives of Japan]])
+</gallery>
+==See also==
+* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Saga)]]
+* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Nagasaki)]]
+* [[Saga Prefectural Museum]]
+* [[Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture]]
 ==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==References==
-* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
+* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
-* Papinot, Edmond. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/historical-and-geographical-dictionary-of-japan/oclc/77691250?referer=br&ht=edition OCLC 77691250]
+* [[Edmond Papinot|Papinot, Edmond]]. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77691250 OCLC 77691250]
 ==Other websites ==
 {{Commons category-inline|Hizen Province}}
 * [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]
-* National Archives of Japan: [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/kouseisai/category/emaki/hizenshusanbutsu_e.html  ''Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko,'' scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Karatsu Domain, 1773-1784]
+* National Archives of Japan: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080403190535/http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/kouseisai/category/emaki/hizenshusanbutsu_e.html  ''Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko,'' scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Karatsu Domain, 1773-1784]
 {{Japan Old Province}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:History of Nagasaki Prefecture]]

v t e Former provinces of Japan (List)
Kinai	Izumi Kawachi Settsu Yamashiro Yamato Yoshino 716–738
Tōkaidō	Awa Hitachi Iga Ise Izu Kai Kazusa Mikawa Musashi Owari Sagami Shima Shimōsa Suruga Tōtōmi
Tōsandō	Dewa -1869 Hida Iwaki 718–724 Iwaki 1869– Iwase 718–724 Iwashiro 1869– Kōzuke Mino Ōmi Mutsu –1869 Rikuō (or Mutsu) 1869– Rikuchū 1869– Rikuzen 1869– Shimotsuke Shinano Suwa 721–731 Ugo 1869– Uzen 1869–
Hokurikudō	Echigo Echizen Etchū Kaga Noto Sado Wakasa
San'indō	Hōki Inaba Izumo Iwami Oki Tajima Tanba Tango
San'yōdō	Aki Bingo Bitchū Bizen Harima Mimasaka Nagato Suō
Nankaidō	Awa Awaji Iyo Kii Sanuki Tosa
Saikaidō	Bungo Buzen Chikugo Chikuzen Higo Hizen Hyūga Iki Ōsumi Satsuma Tane 702–824 Tsushima
Hokkaidō 1869–	Chishima Hidaka Iburi Ishikari Kitami Kushiro Nemuro Oshima Shiribeshi Teshio Tokachi
Pre-Taihō Code provinces	Chichibu Fusa Hi Keno Kibi Koshi Kumaso Toyo Tsukushi
Source: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books; excerpt, "Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government ... [and] grouped, according to geographic position, into the 'five provinces of the Kinai' and 'seven circuits'."