Kaukaba: Difference between revisions
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{{Other places|Kawkab (disambiguation){{!}}Kawkab}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name =Kaukaba |
| name =Kaukaba |
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| |
|other_name =Kawkaba |
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| native_name = كوكبا |
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| native_name_lang = ara<!-- ISO 639-2 code: "fr" for French, "ara" for Arabic --> |
| native_name_lang = ara<!-- ISO 639-2 code: "fr" for French, "ara" for Arabic --> |
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| settlement_type = Village |
| settlement_type = Village |
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| image_skyline = |
| image_skyline =22.Djisr-Burghuz, pont sur le Litany (Leontes).jpg |
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| image_alt = |
| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption =The bridge over [[Litani River]] by Kaukaba, by [[Charles William Meredith van de Velde|van de Velde]], in 1851 |
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| pushpin_map = Lebanon |
| pushpin_map = Lebanon |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Kfarhamam within Lebanon |
| pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Kfarhamam within Lebanon |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Lebanon |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Lebanon |
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| coordinates = {{coord|33|23|44|N|35|38|18|E|region:LB_type:city|display=inline,title}} |
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| latd = 33.387643|latm = |lats = |latNS = N |
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| grid_position =140/162 L |
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| longd = 35.636300|longm = |longs = |longEW = E |
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| ⚫ | |||
| coordinates_type = region:LB_type:city |
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| coordinates_display = inline,title |
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| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} |
| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Hasbaya District]] |
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hasbaya District]] |
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| established_title = <!-- Founded --> |
| established_title = <!-- Founded --> |
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| established_date = |
| established_date = |
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| founder = |
| founder = |
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| leader_party = |
| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = |
| leader_title = |
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| leader_name = |
| leader_name = |
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| area_footnotes = |
| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = |
| area_total_km2 = |
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| area_note = |
| area_note = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = |
| elevation_m = |
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| elevation_min_m = |
| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_max_m = |
| elevation_max_m = |
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| population_footnotes = |
| population_footnotes = |
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| population_total = |
| population_total = |
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| population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_note = |
| population_note = |
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| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +2 |
| utc_offset1 = +2 |
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| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
| utc_offset1_DST = +3 |
| utc_offset1_DST = +3 |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = |
| postal_code = |
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| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Lebanon|Dialing code]] |
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Lebanon|Dialing code]] |
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| area_code = +961 |
| area_code = +961 |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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|native_name = كوكبا |
|native_name = كوكبا |
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|alternate_name = |
|alternate_name = |
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|image = |
|image = |
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|alt = |
|alt = |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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|map_type = |
|map_type = |
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|map_alt = 650 metres |
|map_alt = 650 metres |
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| |
|map_size = |
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|longitude = |
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|map_size = |
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|location =5 miles from [[Rashaya]], [[Lebanon]] |
|location =5 miles from [[Rashaya]], [[Lebanon]] |
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|region = |
|region = |
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|coordinates = |
|coordinates = |
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|type = Rock Shelter |
|type = Rock Shelter |
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|part_of = Settlement |
|part_of = Settlement |
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| Line 73: | Line 71: | ||
|area = |
|area = |
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|height = |
|height = |
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|builder = |
|builder = |
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|material = Limestone |
|material = Limestone |
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|built = c. 8200-6200 BC |
|built = c. 8200-6200 BC |
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|abandoned = |
|abandoned = |
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|epochs =[[PPNB]], [[Neolithic]] |
|epochs =[[PPNB]], [[Neolithic]] |
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|cultures = |
|cultures = |
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|dependency_of = |
|dependency_of = |
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|occupants = |
|occupants = |
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|event = |
|event = |
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|excavations = 1957, 1964 |
|excavations = 1957, 1964 |
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|archaeologists = P. Billaux, F. Skeels, L. Skeels |
|archaeologists = P. Billaux, F. Skeels, L. Skeels |
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|condition = ruins |
|condition = ruins |
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|ownership = |
|ownership = |
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|management = |
|management = |
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|public_access = Yes |
|public_access = Yes |
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|website = |
|website = |
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|notes = |
|notes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Kaukaba''', '''Kaukabet El-Arab''' or '''Kaukaba Station''' is a village in the [[Hasbaya District]] in the [[Nabatiye Governorate]] in southern [[Lebanon]]. |
'''Kaukaba''', '''Kaukabet El-Arab''' or '''Kaukaba Station''' is a village in the [[Hasbaya District]] in the [[Nabatiye Governorate]] in southern [[Lebanon]]. |
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== |
==Archaeology== |
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By the village is a [[Neolithic]] archaeological site East of [[Majdel Balhis]] near [[Rashaya]] in the [[Beqaa Valley]], [[Lebanon]]. It was first found by P. Billaux in 1957 who alerted [[Jesuit]] Archaeologists, Fathers [[Henri Fleisch]] and Tallon. Open air site excavations by L. and F. Skeels were also carried out in 1964.<ref>[ |
By the village is a [[Neolithic]] archaeological site East of [[Majdel Balhis]] near [[Rashaya]] in the [[Beqaa Valley]], [[Lebanon]]. It was first found by P. Billaux in 1957 who alerted [[Jesuit]] Archaeologists, Fathers [[Henri Fleisch]] and Tallon. Open air site excavations by L. and F. Skeels were also carried out in 1964.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KlZtAAAAMAAJ&q=Kaukaba Hours, Francis., Atlas des sites du proche orient (14000-5700 BP), pp 57, 198 & 490, Maison de l'Orient Mediterraneen, 1994.]</ref> |
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The rock shelter site lies amongst fields covered with [[basalt]] boulders from ancient [[lava]] flows. It is in a low pass from the Karaoun Dam to Rashaya. This area is close to the 4 heads of the [[Jordan River]] and is drained by feeders such as the [[Dan River (Israel)|Dan]], [[Banias]], [[Hasbani]] and Upper |
The rock shelter site lies amongst fields covered with [[basalt]] boulders from ancient [[lava]] flows. It is in a low pass from the Karaoun Dam to Rashaya. This area is close to the 4 heads of the [[Jordan River]] and is drained by feeders such as the [[Dan River (Israel)|Dan]], [[Banias]], [[Hasbani]] and Upper Jordan rivers, North of [[Hasbaya]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KlZtAAAAMAAJ&q=Kaukaba Copeland, Lorraine & Wescombe, P. J., Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon (1966) Part 2: North - South - East Central Lebanon, pp 23, 37 & 39 Melanges de L'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 42, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1966.]</ref><ref name="Moore">{{cite book|last=Moore|first=A.M.T.|title=The Neolithic of the Levant|publisher=Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis|year=1978|pages=192–198|url=http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/74.html}}</ref> |
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Artefacts found on the surface included [[flint]] [[axe]]s, [[sickle]]s, [[obsidian]], [[basalt]] vessels and [[arrowheads]] dated to the oldest [[Neolithic]] periods. Prominent artefacts found included a series of flint picks with heavily worn points due to extremely heavy usage. Fragments of agricultural tools such as basalt [[hoe (tool)| |
Artefacts found on the surface included [[flint]] [[axe]]s, [[sickle]]s, [[obsidian]], [[basalt]] vessels and [[arrowheads]] dated to the oldest [[Neolithic]] periods. Prominent artefacts found included a series of flint picks with heavily worn points due to extremely heavy usage. Fragments of agricultural tools such as basalt [[hoe (tool)|hoes]] have been found with very slight dating suggesting the 6th millennium or earlier. Flints were not knapped on site and the centre of the hoe production has not yet been found.<ref>J. Cauvin., Mèches en silex et travail du basalte au IVe millénaire en Béka (Liban)., pp. 118-131, Melanges de l'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 45, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1969.</ref><ref>Copeland, Lorraine., Neolithic village sites in the South Bekaa, Lebanon., pp. 83-114, Melanges de l'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 45, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1969.</ref><ref>Copeland, Lorraine & Wescombe, P. J., Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon (1966) Part 2: North - South - East Central Lebanon, pp 23, 1-174, Melanges de L'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 42, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1966.</ref> |
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==Modern era== |
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In 1838, during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] era, [[Eli Smith]] noted the population of Kaukaba as [[Maronite]] and [[Druze]],<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/138/mode/1up 138]</ref> while in 1875, [[Victor Guérin]] found the population to mostly be [[Maronite]].<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n338/mode/1up 298]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Battle of Kaukaba]] |
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*[[Emily Nasrallah]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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{{ref begin}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.localiban.org/article4299.html Kaoukaba], Localiban |
* [http://www.localiban.org/article4299.html Kaoukaba], Localiban |
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{{Hasbaya District}} |
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{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}} |
{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}} |
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{{Neolithic Southwest Asia}} |
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{{Navbox prehistoric caves}} |
{{Navbox prehistoric caves}} |
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[[Category:Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon]] |
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[[Category:Neolithic settlements]] |
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]] |
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]] |
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[[Category:Rock shelters]] |
[[Category:Rock shelters]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Populated places in the Nabatieh Governorate]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:26, 29 March 2023
Kaukaba
كوكبا Kawkaba | |
|---|---|
Village | |
.jpg) The bridge over Litani River by Kaukaba, by van de Velde, in 1851 | |
  Kaukaba Location within Lebanon | |
| Coordinates: 33°23′44″N 35°38′18″E / 33.39556°N 35.63833°E | |
| Grid position | 140/162 L |
| Country |  Lebanon |
| Governorate | Nabatieh Governorate |
| District | Hasbaya District |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Dialing code | +961 |
كوكبا | |
| |
| Location | 5 miles from Rashaya, Lebanon |
|---|---|
| Type | Rock Shelter |
| Part of | Settlement |
| History | |
| Material | Limestone |
| Founded | c. 8200-6200 BC |
| Periods | PPNB, Neolithic |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1957, 1964 |
| Archaeologists | P. Billaux, F. Skeels, L. Skeels |
| Condition | ruins |
| Public access | Yes |
Kaukaba, Kaukabet El-Arab or Kaukaba Station is a village in the Hasbaya District in the Nabatiye Governorate in southern Lebanon.
Archaeology
[edit]By the village is a Neolithic archaeological site East of Majdel Balhis near Rashaya in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon. It was first found by P. Billaux in 1957 who alerted Jesuit Archaeologists, Fathers Henri Fleisch and Tallon. Open air site excavations by L. and F. Skeels were also carried out in 1964.[1]
The rock shelter site lies amongst fields covered with basalt boulders from ancient lava flows. It is in a low pass from the Karaoun Dam to Rashaya. This area is close to the 4 heads of the Jordan River and is drained by feeders such as the Dan, Banias, Hasbani and Upper Jordan rivers, North of Hasbaya.[2][3]
Artefacts found on the surface included flint axes, sickles, obsidian, basalt vessels and arrowheads dated to the oldest Neolithic periods. Prominent artefacts found included a series of flint picks with heavily worn points due to extremely heavy usage. Fragments of agricultural tools such as basalt hoes have been found with very slight dating suggesting the 6th millennium or earlier. Flints were not knapped on site and the centre of the hoe production has not yet been found.[4][5][6]
Modern era
[edit]In 1838, during the Ottoman era, Eli Smith noted the population of Kaukaba as Maronite and Druze,[7] while in 1875, Victor Guérin found the population to mostly be Maronite.[8]
See also
[edit]
.svg){kind=small}
References
[edit]- ^ Hours, Francis., Atlas des sites du proche orient (14000-5700 BP), pp 57, 198 & 490, Maison de l'Orient Mediterraneen, 1994.
- ^ Copeland, Lorraine & Wescombe, P. J., Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon (1966) Part 2: North - South - East Central Lebanon, pp 23, 37 & 39 Melanges de L'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 42, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1966.
- ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 192–198.
- ^ J. Cauvin., Mèches en silex et travail du basalte au IVe millénaire en Béka (Liban)., pp. 118-131, Melanges de l'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 45, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1969.
- ^ Copeland, Lorraine., Neolithic village sites in the South Bekaa, Lebanon., pp. 83-114, Melanges de l'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 45, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1969.
- ^ Copeland, Lorraine & Wescombe, P. J., Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon (1966) Part 2: North - South - East Central Lebanon, pp 23, 1-174, Melanges de L'Universite Saint-Joseph, Volume 42, Universite Saint-Joseph (Beirut, Lebanon), 1966.
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 138
- ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 298
Bibliography
[edit]- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
External links
[edit]- Kaoukaba, Localiban
Capital: Hasbaya | ||
| Towns and villages |  | |
| Other | ||
