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==Incumbents== |
==Incumbents== |
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{{For|United Kingdom incumbents|1857 in the United Kingdom#Incumbents}} |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey]] – [[Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Breese|title=Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth|year=1873|page=24}}</ref><ref name="Sainty">{{cite book | author=J.C. Sainty | author-link=John Sainty (civil servant) | title=List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974 | publisher=Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd | location=London | year=1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Nicholas | first = Thomas | title = Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales | publisher = Genealogical Pub. Co | location = Baltimore | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780806313146 | page=695}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru|publisher=University of Wales Press|year=1992|page=169}}</ref> |
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*[[Princess of Wales]] - ''vacant'' |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire]] – [[John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Editorial|url=http://welshnewspapers.llgc.org.uk/en/page/view/4353246/ART15|access-date=17 January 2022|newspaper=Welshman|date=6 October 1865}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Edwin Poole|title=The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions|publisher=Edwin Poole|year=1886|page=378}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire]] – [[Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Breese|title=Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth|year=1873|page=26}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire]] – [[Thomas Lloyd, Coedmore]] (until 12 July);<ref name="PH 17-7-57 obit"/> [[Edward Pryse]] (from 14 September)<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas John Hughes|title=The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr|publisher=South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices|year=1887|page=5}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire]] – [[John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor]] |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire]] – [[Robert Myddelton Biddulph (1805–1872)|Robert Myddelton Biddulph]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/myddelton-biddulph-robert-1805-1872|title=Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx.|website=History of Parliament Online|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire]] – [[Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/glynne-sir-stephen-1807-1874|title=Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint|website=History of Parliament Online|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan]] – [[Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/talbot-christopher-1803-1890|title=TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam.|website=History of Parliament Online|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire]] – [[Robert Davies Pryce]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Breese|title=Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth|year=1873|page=29}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire]] – Capel Hanbury Leigh<ref>{{cite book|author=Amy Audrey Locke|title=The Hanbury Family|publisher=Arthur L. Humphreys|year=1916|page=147}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire]] – [[Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/hanbury-tracy-charles-1778-1858|title=Hanbury Tracy, Charles (1778–1858), of Toddington, Glos. and Gregynog, Mont.| publisher= History of Parliament Online|access-date = 2 July 2013}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire]] – [[Sir John Owen, 1st Baronet]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thorne |first1=R.G. |title=John Owen (1776-1861) of Orielton, Pembrokeshire |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/owen-john-1776-861 |website=History of Parliament |access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire]] – [[John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Williams|title=The History of Radnorshire|publisher=R. Mason|year=1859|page=115}}</ref><ref name="Sainty"/> |
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*[[Bishop of Bangor]] – [[Christopher Bethell]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Fryde | first = E. B. | title = Handbook of British chronology | publisher = New York Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge England | year = 1996 | isbn = 9780521563505 | page=292}}</ref><ref name="Fasti305">{{cite book|author= Thomas Duffus Hardy|title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales...|publisher= University Press|year=1854|page=305}}</ref> |
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*[[Bishop of Llandaff]] – [[Alfred Ollivant (bishop)|Alfred Ollivant]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Frederick Arthur Crisp|author2=Joseph Jackson Howard|title=Visitation of England and Wales|year=1898|page=15}}</ref><ref name="Fasti307"/> |
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*[[Bishop of St Asaph]] – [[Thomas Vowler Short]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Harris Nicolas|title=The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope|publisher=John Murray|year=1857|page=533}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England|publisher=James Parkes and Company|year=1866|page=15}}</ref><ref name="Fasti307"/> |
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*[[Bishop of St Davids]] – [[Connop Thirlwall]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Old Yorkshire, volume 3|year=1882|page=90}}</ref><ref name="Fasti307">{{cite book|author= Thomas Duffus Hardy|title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales...|publisher= University Press|year=1854|page=307}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged|publisher=Porter|year=1780|page=95}}</ref> |
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*Opening of the [[Crumlin, Caerphilly|Crumlin viaduct]], built to carry the Taff Vale Extension of the [[Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway]]. |
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*[[Thomas Gee]] launches the periodical ''Baner Cymru''. |
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*[[William Owen Stanley]] becomes MP for Anglesey Boroughs. |
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===Awards=== |
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[[File:Crumlin Viaduct. (3375269).jpg|thumb|350px|[[Crumlin Viaduct]]]] |
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*[[4 March]] — [[Thomas Gee]] launches the radical nonconformist newspaper ''Baner Cymru'' in [[Denbigh]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London, England)|title=The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iA4iAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=The Society|page=112}}</ref> |
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*[[24 March]] — [[1857 United Kingdom general election]], concludes. Anglesey antiquarian [[William Owen Stanley]] becomes [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] MP for the [[Beaumaris (UK Parliament constituency)|Beaumaris District of Boroughs]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Nicholas|title=Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iD4LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48|year=1872|publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader|pages=48–}}</ref> |
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*[[1 June]] — Opening of the [[Crumlin Viaduct]], built to carry the Taff Vale Extension of the [[Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Elliott|title=The Industrial Development of the Ebbw Valleys, 1780-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRjtAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=978-0-7083-1890-4|page=111}}</ref> |
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*[[13 August]] — Eugene Goddard crosses the [[Menai Strait]] in his [[gas balloon]] ''Aurora'' from [[Caernarfon Castle]] to [[Llanidan]].<ref>{{cite book|first=T. Meirion|last=Hughes|title=Caernarfon Through the Eye of Time|location=Talybont|publisher=Y Lolfa|year=2014|isbn=978-1-847-71930-0|chapter=Some Feat over a Century and a Half Ago|pages=77–81}}</ref> |
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*[[29 October]] — [[St Deiniol's Church, Hawarden]], badly damaged by [[arson]]. |
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*Autumn — [[Aberdare Strike 1857-8]] against reductions in coal miners' pay begins. |
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===New books=== |
===New books=== |
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====English language==== |
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*[[Richard Williams Morgan]] |
*[[Richard Williams Morgan]] — ''The British Kymry or Britons of Cambria''<ref>{{cite book|author=Neil Evans|title=Writing a Small Nation's Past: Wales in Comparative Perspective, 1850–1950|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrmXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|date=17 February 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-78661-9|pages=84}}</ref> |
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*[[Robert Parry (Robyn Ddu Eryri)]] - ''Teithiau a Barddoniaeth Robyn Ddu Eryri'' |
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====Welsh language==== |
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*[[Robert Parry (Robyn Ddu Eryri)]] — ''Teithiau a Barddoniaeth Robyn Ddu Eryri''<ref>{{cite book|author=National Library of Wales|title=Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trq5AAAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Council of the National Library of Wales}}</ref> |
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===Music=== |
===Music=== |
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*[[John Ashton (musician)|John Ashton]] |
*[[John Ashton (musician)|John Ashton]] — "Trefeglwys" ([[hymn tune]]) |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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*[[ |
*[[2 February]] - [[Sir James Cory, 1st Baronet]], politician and ship-owner (died 1933) |
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*[[ |
*[[7 February]] — [[Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl Dunraven]] (died 1952) |
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*[[ |
*[[28 February]] — [[Charlie Newman]], Wales rugby union captain (died 1922) |
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*[[ |
*[[27 April]] — [[Alfred Cattell]], Wales international rugby player (died 1933) |
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*[[ |
*[[12 May]] — [[Sarah Jacob]], the "fasting girl" (died 1869) |
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*[[20 June]] — [[Dan Griffiths (rugby union, born 1857)|Dan Griffiths]], Wales international rugby player (died 1936) |
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*[[28 June]] — [[Robert Jones (surgeon)|Sir Robert Jones, 1st Baronet]], orthopaedic surgeon (died 1933) |
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*[[1 July]] — [[Martha Hughes Cannon]], women's rights activist and politician in the United States (died 1932) |
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*[[19 September]] — [[James Bridie (rugby union)|James Bridie]], Scottish-born Wales international rugby union player (died 1893 in England) |
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*[[8 November]] — [[Frank Purdon]], Wales rugby union international |
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*[[14 November]] — [[John Thomas Rees]], musician (died 1949) |
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*[[Llewellyn Cadwaladr]], operatic tenor (died 1909) |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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*[[3 January]] — [[Richard Philipps, 1st Baron Milford (second creation)]], 55 |
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*[[February 10]] - [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]], explorer of Welsh parentage, 86 |
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*[[23 January]] — [[Edward Anwyl (Wesleyan minister)|Edward Anwyl]], Wesleyan minister and teacher, 70<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-ANWY-EDW-1786|title=Anwyl, Edward (1786-1857), Wesleyan minister|author=Robert Thomas Jenkins|year=1959|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[March 29]] - [[Elijah Waring]], writer, 69? |
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*[[ |
*[[10 February]] — [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]], explorer of Welsh parentage, 86 |
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*[[29 March]] — [[Elijah Waring]], writer, ±69<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-WARI-ELI-1788|title=Waring, Elijah (c.1788-1857) merchant, author and publisher|author=Griffith John Williams|year=1959|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[16 May]] — Sir [[William Lloyd (mountaineer)|William Lloyd]], soldier and mountaineer, 74<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s3-LLOY-WIL-1782|title=Lloyd, Sir William (1782-1857), soldier and one of the first Europeans to reach the peak of any Himalayan snow-capped mountain|author=Ioan Bowen Rees|year=2001|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[August 16]] - [[John Jones (Talysarn)]], leading non-conformist minister, 61 |
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*[[13 June]] — [[Daniel Rees (priest)|Daniel Rees]], hymn-writer, 64<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-REES-DAN-1793|title=Rees, Daniel (1793–1857), cleric and hymnwriter|last=Roberts|first=Gomer Morgan|access-date=20 August 2008}}</ref> |
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*[[12 July]] — [[Thomas Lloyd, Coedmore]], Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire, 64<ref name="PH 17-7-57 obit">{{cite news|title=Family Notices|url=http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3054851/3054854/20|accessdate=23 January 2018|agency=Pembrokeshire Herald|date=17 July 1857|page=3}}</ref> |
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*[[16 August]] — [[John Jones, Talysarn]], leading non-conformist minister, 61<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-JONE-JOH-1796|title=Jones, John (Talysarn)|author=Gwilym Arthur Edwards|year=1959|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:1857 In Wales}} |
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[[Category:1857 by country|Wales]] |
[[Category:1857 by country|Wales]] |
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[[Category:1857 in Europe]] |
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[[Category:1850s in Wales]] |
Latest revision as of 20:19, 13 October 2023
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See also: | List of years in Wales Timeline of Welsh history
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This article is about the particular significance of the year 1857 to Wales and its people.
Incumbents
[edit]- Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey[1][2][3][4]
- Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins[5][6]
- Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet[7]
- Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Thomas Lloyd, Coedmore (until 12 July);[8] Edward Pryse (from 14 September)[9]
- Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor
- Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Robert Myddelton Biddulph[10]
- Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet[11]
- Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot[12]
- Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Robert Davies Pryce[13]
- Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Capel Hanbury Leigh[14]
- Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley[15]
- Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir John Owen, 1st Baronet[16]
- Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite[17][2]
- Bishop of Bangor – Christopher Bethell[18][19]
- Bishop of Llandaff – Alfred Ollivant[20][21]
- Bishop of St Asaph – Thomas Vowler Short[22][23][21]
- Bishop of St Davids – Connop Thirlwall[24][21][25]
Events
[edit]- 4 March — Thomas Gee launches the radical nonconformist newspaper Baner Cymru in Denbigh.[26]
- 24 March — 1857 United Kingdom general election, concludes. Anglesey antiquarian William Owen Stanley becomes Whig MP for the Beaumaris District of Boroughs.[27]
- 6 May — Samuel Roberts (S. R.) sails for Tennessee.
- 1 June — Opening of the Crumlin Viaduct, built to carry the Taff Vale Extension of the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway.[28]
- 10 August — John Bowen is consecrated as Bishop of Sierra Leone.
- 13 August — Eugene Goddard crosses the Menai Strait in his gas balloon Aurora from Caernarfon Castle to Llanidan.[29]
- 3 October — The Newport Gazette is founded by William Nicholas Johns.
- 14 October — Four people are killed in a railway accident near Pyle.
- 29 October — St Deiniol's Church, Hawarden, badly damaged by arson.
- Autumn — Aberdare Strike 1857-8 against reductions in coal miners' pay begins.
- Railway workers go on strike at Aberdare.[citation needed]
Arts and literature
[edit]New books
[edit]English language
[edit]- Richard Williams Morgan — The British Kymry or Britons of Cambria[30]
Welsh language
[edit]- Owen Wynne Jones — Dafydd Llwyd
- Robert Parry (Robyn Ddu Eryri) — Teithiau a Barddoniaeth Robyn Ddu Eryri[31]
Music
[edit]- John Ashton — "Trefeglwys" (hymn tune)
Births
[edit]- 2 February - Sir James Cory, 1st Baronet, politician and ship-owner (died 1933)
- 7 February — Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl Dunraven (died 1952)
- 28 February — Charlie Newman, Wales rugby union captain (died 1922)
- 27 April — Alfred Cattell, Wales international rugby player (died 1933)
- 12 May — Sarah Jacob, the "fasting girl" (died 1869)
- 20 June — Dan Griffiths, Wales international rugby player (died 1936)
- 28 June — Sir Robert Jones, 1st Baronet, orthopaedic surgeon (died 1933)
- 1 July — Martha Hughes Cannon, women's rights activist and politician in the United States (died 1932)
- 19 September — James Bridie, Scottish-born Wales international rugby union player (died 1893 in England)
- 8 November — Frank Purdon, Wales rugby union international
- 14 November — John Thomas Rees, musician (died 1949)
- 2 December — Sir Robert Armstrong-Jones, surgeon (died 1943)
- Llewellyn Cadwaladr, operatic tenor (died 1909)
Deaths
[edit]- 3 January — Richard Philipps, 1st Baron Milford (second creation), 55
- 23 January — Edward Anwyl, Wesleyan minister and teacher, 70[32]
- 10 February — David Thompson, explorer of Welsh parentage, 86
- 29 March — Elijah Waring, writer, ±69[33]
- 16 May — Sir William Lloyd, soldier and mountaineer, 74[34]
- 13 June — Daniel Rees, hymn-writer, 64[35]
- 12 July — Thomas Lloyd, Coedmore, Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire, 64[8]
- 12 August — William Daniel Conybeare, dean of Llandaff, 70
- 16 August — John Jones, Talysarn, leading non-conformist minister, 61[36]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 24.
- ^ a b J.C. Sainty (1979). List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974. London: Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd.
- ^ Nicholas, Thomas (1991). Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co. p. 695. ISBN 9780806313146.
- ^ Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru. University of Wales Press. 1992. p. 169.
- ^ "Editorial". Welshman. 6 October 1865. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ Edwin Poole (1886). The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. p. 378.
- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 26.
- ^ a b "Family Notices". Pembrokeshire Herald. 17 July 1857. p. 3. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ Thomas John Hughes (1887). The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr. South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices. p. 5.
- ^ "Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 29.
- ^ Amy Audrey Locke (1916). The Hanbury Family. Arthur L. Humphreys. p. 147.
- ^ "Hanbury Tracy, Charles (1778–1858), of Toddington, Glos. and Gregynog, Mont". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
- ^ Thorne, R.G. "John Owen (1776-1861) of Orielton, Pembrokeshire". History of Parliament. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Jonathan Williams (1859). The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. p. 115.
- ^ Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British chronology. Cambridge England: New York Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780521563505.
- ^ Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 305.
- ^ Frederick Arthur Crisp; Joseph Jackson Howard (1898). Visitation of England and Wales. p. 15.
- ^ a b c Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 307.
- ^ Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1857). The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope. John Murray. p. 533.
- ^ The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England. James Parkes and Company. 1866. p. 15.
- ^ Old Yorkshire, volume 3. 1882. p. 90.
- ^ The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged. Porter. 1780. p. 95.
- ^ Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London, England) (2001). The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorian. The Society. p. 112.
- ^ Thomas Nicholas (1872). Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales. Longmans, Green, Reader. pp. 48–.
- ^ John Elliott (2004). The Industrial Development of the Ebbw Valleys, 1780-1914. University of Wales Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7083-1890-4.
- ^ Hughes, T. Meirion (2014). "Some Feat over a Century and a Half Ago". Caernarfon Through the Eye of Time. Talybont: Y Lolfa. pp. 77–81. ISBN 978-1-847-71930-0.
- ^ Neil Evans (17 February 2016). Writing a Small Nation's Past: Wales in Comparative Perspective, 1850–1950. Routledge. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-134-78661-9.
- ^ National Library of Wales (1985). Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru. Council of the National Library of Wales.
- ^ Robert Thomas Jenkins (1959). "Anwyl, Edward (1786-1857), Wesleyan minister". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ Griffith John Williams (1959). "Waring, Elijah (c.1788-1857) merchant, author and publisher". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ Ioan Bowen Rees (2001). "Lloyd, Sir William (1782-1857), soldier and one of the first Europeans to reach the peak of any Himalayan snow-capped mountain". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ Roberts, Gomer Morgan. "Rees, Daniel (1793–1857), cleric and hymnwriter". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- ^ Gwilym Arthur Edwards (1959). "Jones, John (Talysarn)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 25 January 2022.