Ichizō Kobayashi: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Japanese industrialist (1873–1957)}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}} |
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| name = Ichizō Kobayashi |
| name = Ichizō Kobayashi |
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| image = Ichizo Kobayashi showa.jpg |
| image = Ichizo Kobayashi showa.jpg |
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| native_name = 小林 一三 |
| native_name = 小林 一三 |
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| native_name_lang = ja |
| native_name_lang = ja |
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| order = 20th |
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| office = Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)#Ministers of Commerce{{!}}Minister of Commerce and Industry |
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| term_start = 22 July 1940 |
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| term_end = 4 April 1941 |
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| monarch = [[Hirohito]] |
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| primeminister = [[Fumimaro Konoe]] |
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| predecessor = [[Ginjirō Fujiwara]] |
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| successor = [[Teijirō Toyoda]] |
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| birth_place = [[Nirasaki, Yamanashi]], Japan |
| birth_place = [[Nirasaki, Yamanashi]], Japan |
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| death_date = |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|01|25|1873|01|03}} |
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| death_place = [[Ikeda, Osaka]], Japan |
| death_place = [[Ikeda, Osaka]], Japan |
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| alma_mater = [[Keio University]] |
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| parents = |
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| children = |
| children = |
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| known_for = Founder of the [[Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group]] |
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| occupation = |
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| relations = [[Isao Matsuoka]] (grandson) |
| relations = {{unbulleted list|[[Isao Matsuoka]] (grandson)|[[Shuzo Matsuoka]] (great-grandson)}} |
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| years_active = |
| years_active = |
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| awards = |
| awards = |
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}} |
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{{nihongo|'''Ichizō Kobayashi'''|小林 一三|Kobayashi Ichizō|January 3, 1873 – January 25, 1957}}, occasionally referred to by his pseudonym {{nihongo4|Itsuō|逸翁}}, was a Japanese industrialist. He is best known as the founder of [[Hankyu Railway]], [[Takarazuka Revue]], and [[Toho]]. He |
{{nihongo|'''Ichizō Kobayashi'''|小林 一三|Kobayashi Ichizō|January 3, 1873 – January 25, 1957}}, occasionally referred to by his pseudonym {{nihongo4|Itsuō|逸翁}}, was a Japanese industrialist and politician. He is best known as the founder of [[Hankyu Railway]], the [[Takarazuka Revue]], and [[Toho]]. He served as [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)#Ministers of Commerce|Minister of Commerce and Industry]] between 1940-1941. |
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== |
== Life == |
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Kobayashi was born in [[Nirasaki, Yamanashi]] |
Ichizō Kobayashi was born in Kawarabe village, Koma, [[Yamanashi Prefecture]] (present-day [[Nirasaki, Yamanashi]]) on January 3, 1873, to a wealthy [[merchant]] family known by the trade name "Nunoya".<ref name=itsuo>{{cite web|url=http://www.itsuo-museum.com/profile/history_itsuo.html|script-title=ja:小林一三年譜|language=Japanese|publisher=Itsuo Art Museum| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091103045040/http://www.itsuo-museum.com/profile/history_itsuo.html|archivedate= November 3, 2009 |accessdate= September 24, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/673326755|title=Waga kobayashi ichizō|date=1991|publisher=河出書房新社|others=Hiroo Sakata, 寬夫 阪田|isbn=4-309-40299-2|pages=14|oclc=673326755}}</ref> His mother died immediately after his birth and his father left the family, leaving Kobayashi under the care of his uncle's family.<ref name=":0" /> |
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He was named Ichizō, meaning "one-three", because of his birthday, January 3.<ref name="itsuo" /> He graduated from [[Keio University|Keio Gijuku]] in 1892.<ref name="itsuo" /> |
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| ⚫ | After a 14-year career at the [[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Mitsui Bank]], he founded (technically as one of the promoters/executive directors) Mino-o Arima Electric Railway Company (then [[Hankyu Railway|Hankyu Corp.]], now, [[Hankyu Hanshin Holdings]], Inc.) in 1907.<ref name=itsuo/> At Hankyu, Kobayashi made success in the management of the railway in a less-populated region by developing residential areas and an amusement park along the railway line as well as a department store at the railway terminal. He also established the Takarazuka Revue and the Hankyu professional baseball team (the predecessors of [[Orix Buffaloes]]) to attract passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/english/first/kiyoku.html|title=Takarazuka Revue History|access-date=July 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006020355/http://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/english/first/kiyoku.html|archive-date=October 6, 2010 |
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| ⚫ | After a 14-year career at the [[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Mitsui Bank]], he founded (technically as one of the promoters/executive directors) Mino-o Arima Electric Railway Company (then [[Hankyu Railway|Hankyu Corp.]], now, [[Hankyu Hanshin Holdings]], Inc.) in 1907.<ref name=itsuo/> At Hankyu, Kobayashi made success in the management of the railway in a less-populated region by developing residential areas and an amusement park along the railway line as well as a department store at the railway terminal. He also established the [[Takarazuka Revue]] and the Hankyu professional baseball team (the predecessors of [[Orix Buffaloes]]) to attract passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/english/first/kiyoku.html|title=Takarazuka Revue History|access-date=July 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006020355/http://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/english/first/kiyoku.html|archive-date=October 6, 2010}}</ref> Such a business model established by Kobayashi was followed by other railway companies in Japan. |
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| ⚫ | Later Kobayashi was president of council of {{illm|Tokyo Gasu |
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| ⚫ | Later, Kobayashi was president of council of {{illm|Hino Motors|lt=Tokyo Gasu Denki Kōgyō|ja|東京瓦斯電気工業}} (Tokyo Gas Electric Engineering Company). He was appointed in charge of the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]] in the 1940 [[Second Konoe Cabinet|Konoe Cabinet]].<ref>[http://www.hankyu-usa.com/toho.asp Hankyu-Toho Group<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803220021/http://www.hankyu-usa.com/toho.asp |date=August 3, 2007}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | He joined the [[Taisei Yokusankai]] Group |
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| ⚫ | He joined the [[Taisei Yokusankai]] Group with [[Shōzō Murata]] and [[Akira Kazami]]. They supported a new political and economic [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|militarist-socialist]] program. He stood for capitalist interests in [[Japanese Empire|Japan's incursions into Asia]] and a [[totalitarian]] [[market socialism|right-socialist]] government. |
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| ⚫ | After the end of |
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| ⚫ | After the end of [[World War II]], he was appointed the cabinet minister of the [[Kijūrō Shidehara|Shidehara]] cabinet and became the president of the {{Nihongo|War Damage Rehabilitation Institute|戦災復興院|Sensai-fukkō-in}}, but he was soon [[Purge (occupied Japan)|purged]] due to his prewar political career. The purge was lifted in 1951.<ref name=itsuo/> |
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Kobayashi died in January 1957. The Itsuō Art Museum in [[Ikeda, Osaka]] opened in October 1957 and is dedicated for his art collection. |
Kobayashi died in January 1957. The Itsuō Art Museum in [[Ikeda, Osaka]] opened in October 1957 and is dedicated for his art collection. |
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== References== |
== References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* {{cite web |title=Kobayashi Ichizō: The Visionary Impresario of the Takarazuka Revue |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/views/b03903/kobayashi-ichizo-the-visionary-impresario-of-the-takarazuka-revue.html |website=Nippon.com |access-date=February 17, 2021 |date=June 9, 2014}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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Revision as of 13:52, 15 October 2023
Ichizō Kobayashi | |
|---|---|
小林 一三 | |
 | |
| 20th Minister of Commerce and Industry | |
| In office 22 July 1940 – 4 April 1941 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| Prime Minister | Fumimaro Konoe |
| Preceded by | Ginjirō Fujiwara |
| Succeeded by | Teijirō Toyoda |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 3, 1873 Nirasaki, Yamanashi, Japan |
| Died | January 25, 1957 (aged 84) Ikeda, Osaka, Japan |
| Relations |
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| Alma mater | Keio University |
| Known for | Founder of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group |
Ichizō Kobayashi (小林 一三, Kobayashi Ichizō, January 3, 1873 – January 25, 1957), occasionally referred to by his pseudonym Itsuō (逸翁), was a Japanese industrialist and politician. He is best known as the founder of Hankyu Railway, the Takarazuka Revue, and Toho. He served as Minister of Commerce and Industry between 1940-1941.
Life
Ichizō Kobayashi was born in Kawarabe village, Koma, Yamanashi Prefecture (present-day Nirasaki, Yamanashi) on January 3, 1873, to a wealthy merchant family known by the trade name "Nunoya".[1][2] His mother died immediately after his birth and his father left the family, leaving Kobayashi under the care of his uncle's family.[2]
He was named Ichizō, meaning "one-three", because of his birthday, January 3.[1] He graduated from Keio Gijuku in 1892.[1]
After a 14-year career at the Mitsui Bank, he founded (technically as one of the promoters/executive directors) Mino-o Arima Electric Railway Company (then Hankyu Corp., now, Hankyu Hanshin Holdings, Inc.) in 1907.[1] At Hankyu, Kobayashi made success in the management of the railway in a less-populated region by developing residential areas and an amusement park along the railway line as well as a department store at the railway terminal. He also established the Takarazuka Revue and the Hankyu professional baseball team (the predecessors of Orix Buffaloes) to attract passengers.[3] Such a business model established by Kobayashi was followed by other railway companies in Japan.
Later, Kobayashi was president of council of Tokyo Gasu Denki Kōgyō (Tokyo Gas Electric Engineering Company). He was appointed in charge of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in the 1940 Konoe Cabinet.[4]
He joined the Taisei Yokusankai Group with Shōzō Murata and Akira Kazami. They supported a new political and economic militarist-socialist program. He stood for capitalist interests in Japan's incursions into Asia and a totalitarian right-socialist government.
After the end of World War II, he was appointed the cabinet minister of the Shidehara cabinet and became the president of the War Damage Rehabilitation Institute (戦災復興院, Sensai-fukkō-in), but he was soon purged due to his prewar political career. The purge was lifted in 1951.[1]
Kobayashi died in January 1957. The Itsuō Art Museum in Ikeda, Osaka opened in October 1957 and is dedicated for his art collection.
Kobayashi diplomatic mission, September 1940
Ichizō Kobayashi was commissioned by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to lead a diplomatic mission to the Dutch East Indies in 1940. Negotiations were for a new agreement on Dutch oil. On September 12, 1940, a Japanese delegation of 24, led by Kobayashi as the Minister of Commerce and Industry, arrived in Batavia to renegotiate political and economic relations between Japan and the Dutch East Indies. Included were six high-ranking military officers, one of them Rear Admiral Tadashi Maeda.
The Dutch Embassy in Japan did not actively take part, although the Dutch Ambassador in Tokyo, J .C. Pabst, had already received the first list of Japanese economic demands in June 1940. Later, all further negotiations were conducted via the Dutch colonial administration in Batavia and Sukabumi, and received support from the Japanese Consulate General, in the persons of Matatoshi Saito (before 1941) and later by Yutaka Ishizawa.
Their first demand was an increase of petrol exports to Japan from the existing 570,000 tons in 1939 to 3,750,000 tons, about 50% of the total Dutch East Indies production. The Dutch answered that existing obligations would only permit an increase to about 1,800,000 tons. Kobayashi initially accepted this proposal, but was soon recalled to Japan on October 2, 1940.
In the book Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor written by Robert Stinnett:
The heated diplomatic interchanges between Kobayashi and van Mook (H.J. van Mook, Dutch minister) were in sharp contrast to the peaceful surroundings. Japan's diplomats angrily contended that the Netherlands delegates were mere puppets of Washington. On the table were proposals involving Japanese rights to obtain oil and petroleum products from the Netherlands' enormous reserves in the Dutch East Indies. Japan called for the Dutch to provide a minimum of 3,150,000 metric tons of petroleum annually. One of the delegates, Japanese minister of commerce Ichizō Kobayashi, demanded that the Dutch guarantee a delivery schedule covering a five-year period. Kobayashi expressed the attitude of his government: The Netherlands has been closely co-operating with United Kingdom and the United States. Now is the time to shake hands with Japan.[5]
Another diplomatic commission was then led by Kenkichi Yoshizawa.
References
- ^ a b c d e 小林一三年譜 (in Japanese). Itsuo Art Museum. Archived from the original on November 3, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ a b Waga kobayashi ichizō. Hiroo Sakata, 寬夫 阪田. 河出書房新社. 1991. p. 14. ISBN 4-309-40299-2. OCLC 673326755.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Takarazuka Revue History". Archived from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ Hankyu-Toho Group Archived August 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Day of Deceit, Robert B. Stinnett, New York 2000 p. 40
Further reading
- "Kobayashi Ichizō: The Visionary Impresario of the Takarazuka Revue". Nippon.com. June 9, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
External links
- Itsuo Art Museum (in Japanese)
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