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{{About|the concept of Yoga in Hindu astrology.|the concept of Yoga in Indian astronomy|Nityayoga}}

{{Short description|Concept in Hindu astrology}}
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In [[Hindu astrology]], '''yoga''' is given rise{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} when one planet, sign, or house is related to another by way of placement, aspect, or conjunction. It is the active consideration of planetary yogas and the planetary [[Dasha (astrology)|Dasha]]s, i.e. directional effects, which are the two most important factors that distinguish [[Hindu astrology]] from [[Western astrology]].
{{Primary sources|date=November 2019}}
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{{astrology}}
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In [[Hindu astrology]], '''yoga''' is the relationship between one planet, sign, or house to another by placement, [[Astrological aspect|aspect]], or [[Conjunction (astronomy)|conjunction]]. It is the consideration of the planetary [[Dasha (astrology)|dasha's]] directional effects, the most important factor which distinguishes Hindu astrology from [[Western astrology]].


==Background==
==Background==
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''[[Laghu Parashari]]'', a [[treatise]] on dasha, is based on [[Parashara]]'s [[Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra]]<ref>[[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. I St. 3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.33.</ref> and is the simplest and most widely-followed system. Ancient [[Hindus|Hindu]] astrologers seem to have confined their exercises to the seven planets:<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. II St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 73.</ref> the [[planets in astrology|Sun]], the [[Moon]], [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus]], [[Mars]], [[Jupiter]], and [[Saturn]]; the [[lunar node]]s [[Rahu]] and [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]] are rarely mentioned. Parashara refers to five additional ''chayagrahas'', invisible mathematical solar positions which affect individuals and nations. The [[Rigveda]] refers to a total of thirty-four ''chayagrahas'': twenty-seven [[nakshatra]]s [[lunar station]]s) and the seven astrological planets.<ref>[[Rig Veda]] I.162.18/Rig Veda X.55.3</ref> Elsewhere, however, it refers to forty-nine ''chayagrahas'': the previous thirty-four plus the two lunar nodes, the twelve zodiac signs, and ''[[ayanamsa]]''. [[Varahamihira]] favoured Satyacharya's dasha system, although he said that many people had degraded it with useless additions.<ref>''[[Brihat Jataka]]'' Ch. VII. St. 13. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 237</ref>
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{{astrology}}
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[[Laghu Parashari]] is the concise main version of the predictive side of the Hora Shastra,<ref>[[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. I St. 3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.33.</ref> and the Parashari System is the most widely followed, having stood the test of time and is simple and unambiguous. The ancient [[Hindus|Hindu]] astrologers seem to have confined their exercises to the seven planets<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. II St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 73.</ref> – the [[Sun (astrology)|Sun]], the [[Moon (astrology)|Moon]], [[Mercury planet|Mercury]], [[Venus (astrology)|Venus]], [[Mars (astrology)|Mars]], [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]], and [[Saturn (astrology)|Saturn]]. [[Rahu]] and [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]], mathematical points, are rarely referred to.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} [[Parashara]] also refers to the five more Chayagrahas which are all invisible mathematical solar positions but which have an impact on individuals and nations. The [[Rigveda]] does refer to a total of thirty-four, comprising twenty-seven [[Nakshatra]]-divisions of the [[Hindu zodiac|Zodiac]] and the seven [[Planets in astrology|planets]] which was the general format then in use.<ref>[[Rig Veda]] I.162.18/Rig Veda X.55.3</ref> However, elsewhere it also refers to the total of forty-nine, by adding to the said thirty-four the two Chayagrahas (the lunar nodes), the twelve rasis (signs), and the [[Ayanamsa]]. [[Varahamihira]] favoured Satyacharya’s [[Dasha (astrology)|Dasha]] system, though he says many had spoiled it by useless multiplications,<ref>[[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. VII. St. 13. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.237</ref> but Satyacharya did not deviate from the basic Parashari principles. Because of there being nine active planets and equally active twelve signs (including their numerous sub-divisions) and twenty-seven [[nakshatra]] divisions, yoga-formations are unavoidable.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}


All the planets jointly and separately, with no exceptions, are indicators of future events and chart the course of fate. And, all good or bad yogas depend on the planets and the good or bad results of the planets depend on the good or bad yogas caused by those planets.<ref>[[Jatakalankara]] Ch. III St. 1. Published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan, Varanasi. p. 41</ref> All planets influence each other, and no planet can stay uninfluenced on account of all planets invariably establishing at all times ''Sambandhas,'' i.e., the mutual associations, directly or indirectly.<ref>[[Phaladeepika]] Ch XV St.30. Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 305</ref>{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} Auspicious yogas arise when lords of ''kendras'' (squares) and ''trikonasana'' (trines), i.e. the lords of auspicious bhavas (houses), establish a mutual association<ref>[[Phaladeepika]] Ch.XX St.42. Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 410</ref> and inauspicious yogas, when lords of ''trika-bhavas'' (evil houses) or weak, afflicted cruel planets afflict the kendras, the trikonasana and/or their lords, when bad to very bad results are experienced during the course of their respective [[Dasha (astrology)|dasha]]s and antra-[[Dasha (astrology)|dasha]]s.<ref>[[Phaladeepika]] Ch. XX St. 20. Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 392</ref>{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}}
Good or bad planetary results depend on the good or bad yoga caused by the planets.<ref>''[[Jatakalankara]]'' Ch. III St. 1. Published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan, Varanasi. p. 41</ref> Planets influence each other with mutual, direct (or indirect) ''[[sambandha]]''.<ref>''[[Phaladeepika]]'' Ch. XV St. 30. Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 305</ref> Auspicious yogas arise when lords of ''kendras'' (squares) and ''[[trikona]]s'' (triangles) establish an association.<ref>''Phaladeepika'' Ch. XX St. 42, p. 410</ref>


==Definitions==
==Definitions==
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The word ''yoga'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] root ''Yuj'', meaning to join properly, to control judicially, or to integrate. It has been used to indicate [[Lunisolar calendar|lunisolar]] distances and planetary situations, associations, and combinations. Yogas are formed when one planet, sign, or house is related to another by placement, aspect or conjunction.<ref>''[[Jataka Parijata]]'' Ch. XI St. 1 Published by Motilal Banarsidas Publishers, Delhi. p. 735</ref> The consideration of planetary yogas and dashas is the most important factor that distinguishes Hindu astrology from Western astrology.{{cn|date=November 2019}}


Yoga may have good or bad effects. [[Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)|Raja yoga]]s are auspicious, and [[daridra yoga]]s indicate poverty. [[Sanyasa yoga]]s indicate ''[[sannyasa]]'' (renunciation). Some yogas cancel the effects of inauspicious yogas<ref>''[[Jataka Tattva]]'' Ch. II St. 108–116. Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 42</ref> or raja yogas.<ref>[[Jataka Tattva]] Ch.X St.190 to 205 Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 272</ref> Some planets yield generally-beneficial yoga, indicating honour and prestige.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mansagari|author=Janardan Harji|publisher=Savitri Thakur Prakashan|page=305|quote=Slokas 1-3}}</ref>
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The word yoga is derived from the [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] root, ''Yuj'', meaning to join properly, to control judicially, or to integrate, has been used to indicate Soli-Lunar distances, and planetary situations, associations and combinations. Yogas are formed when one planet, sign or house is related to another of the same or different kinds by way of placement, aspect or conjunction.<ref>[[Jataka Parijata]] Ch. XI St. 1 Published by Motilal Banarsidas Publishers, Delhi. p. 735</ref> The active consideration of planetary yogas and [[Dasha (astrology)|Dasha]]s, i.e. directional effects, are the two most important factors that distinguish Hora-Shastra or [[Hindu astrology]] from [[Western astrology]] and lend support to the indigenous origin of the former system.

A yoga may be good or bad in its effect. The good yogas are called the Shubha-yogas or simply yogas and the bad yogas are called the Ashubha-yogas or avayogas or durayogas. [[Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)|Raja yoga]]s indicate a high degree of power and authority while Dhana yogas indicate a greater degree of material possessions. Arishta yogas indicate difficulties in life, and [[Daridra yogas (Hindu astrology)|Daridra yogas]] indicate poverty. Parvarajya yogas or [[Sanyasa yoga]]s that give religious merits compel a person to give up all wealth and material possessions and become a mendicant and beg for alms. These{{Which|date=August 2019}} are not avayogas.

The so-called natural benefits and natural malefics are not always benefic or malefic for all lagnas by virtue of their bhava-lordship.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} By virtue of their owning auspicious or inauspicious bhavas, they are termed Shubha or Papa; even Papas can confer good results. There are Arishtayogabhanga yogas that cancel out the bad effects of Arishta yogas,<ref>[[Jataka Tattva]] Ch.II St.108 to 116 Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 42</ref> and there are also Rajayogabhanga yogas that nullify Raja yoga effects.<ref>[[Jataka Tattva]] Ch.X St.190 to 205 Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 272</ref> The Sun situated at the end of Pisces, when it will also be in Vargottamamsa; the Moon situated at the end of Aries, when it will be in Sagittarius navamsa; Mars in Sagittarius; Mercury in Leo; Jupiter in Gemini; Venus in Aquarius and Saturn situated in Virgo sign are called Ucchabhilashi (desiring to go to a higher place).{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} The Ucchabhilashi planets, like the planets occupying their own or exaltation signs, generally give benefic yoga results; they tend to confer royal honours and make one hold the foremost place in the family{{Which|date=August 2019}} and own circle of activity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mansagari|author=Janardan Harji|publisher=Savitri Thakur Prakashan|page=305|quote=Slokas 1-3}}</ref>{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}}

Yoga is nothing more than a combination of planets. In Hindu or Vedic astrology nine planets are placed in twelve signs (rashis) and twelve houses. There are a number of possibilities for such placement. Each of these is called a Yoga in Vedic astrology. Out of these combinations, some combinations give very good or very bad results. These combinations are explained by several ancient Indian Astrologers such as Parashar, Varahmihir, and Jasmine.

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==Role played by yogas and yoga-causing planets==

Astrology ventures into the Unknown seeking that which can be in effortfully known because in Astrology intuition does not play any role.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} It is based on the inferences drawn after the mathematical application of the approved laws and the various distinct significators.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} Each [[Nakshatra]] ([[Constellation]]), each rasi ([[Astrological sign]]) and each [[Navagraha|Graha]] ([[Planets in astrology|planet]]), is a vibrant creative significator whose significance has to be methodically ascertained and judged. According to the Hindu Astrology all planetary combinations and their indications are based on the strength, nature, aspect, [[avastha]] (status), and combination of planets, on the qualities and the strength of the rasis and bhavas owned, occupied, and aspected by planets,<ref>[[Jataka Parijata]] Ch. XI St. 2. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 737</ref><ref>Jatakadeshmarga Ch. X St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore.</ref> and on the influence of the yogas given rise to by planets which factors are required to be taken into account collectively.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} Thus, Hindu Astrology requires the discerning eye to be able to identify the yogas and then judicially apply the prescribed results in accordance with the established principles.<ref>Prasna Tantra Ch. I St. 4 & 5. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.3.</ref> All standard yoga formations are duly named and their results prescribed.

All yogas are based on certain fundamental principles. These are described in all standard texts but not all texts cover the description of all known widely recognized possible planetary combinations and associations. Of course, there are a few instances where the texts do offer differing constitution and interpretation of one and the same-named yoga.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} Gajakesari yoga<ref>http://www.rockingbaba.com/blog/index.php/2015/11/04/gaj-kesari-raj-yoga/</ref> comes into being when Jupiter is situated in a Kendra (in square-position) from the moon, but according to one school{{Which|date=August 2019}} this yoga will arise only when Jupiter and the bright-half{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} moon are in mutual tenth and fourth position in [[Pisces (astrology)|Pisces]], [[Taurus (astrology)|Taurus]], [[Sagittarius (astrology)|Sagittarius]] and [[Aquarius (astrology)|Aquarius]]. Yet another text tells us that the moon and Jupiter in mutual kendras will not give rise to the Gajakesari yoga if the moon occupies [[Scorpio (astrology)|Scorpio]] or [[Mercury planet|Mercury]], and happens to be in the fifth house from the moon or only if the moon and Jupiter combine in [[Cancer (astrology)|Cancer]] or in [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] even if Jupiter in the latter sign is combust.<ref>{{cite book|title=Planets And Their Yoga Formations|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|publisher=Pigeon Books India|place=New Delhi|page=28|url=http://www.pigeonbooks.in/product_info.php?products_id=33 |accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref>{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} In such rare instances, experience alone counts{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}. Moreover, there are certain yogas described in the texts{{Which|date=August 2019}} which simply cannot occur, these relate to Mercury, Venus vis-à-vis the Sun: Mercury never goes beyond 28 degrees either in front or behind the Sun, and Venus not beyond 47 degrees,<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. VI St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.195</ref> and Mercury and Venus cannot remain apart from each other more than 61 degrees arc-distance. [[Saraswati Yoga (Hindu astrology)|Saraswati yoga]] given rise to by the three natural benefic planets, [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus (astrology)|Venus]] and [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]], co-operating with each other is an auspicious yoga which is not rare in occurrence but when its participants are not strong it merges with other yogas.<ref>{{cite book|title=Three Hundred Important Combinations|author= B.V.Raman|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAifaE52xPwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Three+Hundred+Important+Combinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sti_UsSqD-yp7AaL24HwAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Three%20Hundred%20Important%20Combinations&f=false }}</ref>

==Impact of yogas==

Even though classification and grouping of yogas is a difficult task, generally the yogas are known as [[Chandra]] yogas, [[Surya]] yogas, [[Panch Mahapurusha yoga]]s, [[Nabhasa yoga|Nabhasa yogas]], [[Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)|Raja yoga]]s, [[Dhana yoga]]s, Arishta yogas, [[Daridra yoga|Daridra yogas]], [[Reka yoga (astrology)|Reka yogas]], Parvarajya yogas, and so forth, but the common factor with for all these yogas is the relative residential strength of the planets and of the bhavas (houses) involved whether by ownership, occupation or aspect. Janardan Harji in the fourth chapter of his [[Mansagari]], which is devoted to yoga-formation and their results, tells us that if at birth all planets combine in the seventh house from the Lagna then one becomes fortunate during the 30th year of life and enjoys exceptional yoga results. If the moon occupies a kendrasthana and the sun simultaneously happens to occupy a trikonabhava then the person even though lowly-born will rise to be a king; if three planets simultaneously happen to occupy their own signs then one rises to be a royal minister; if three planets simultaneously happen to occupy their respective signs of exaltation, one becomes a king; if three planets similarly happen to occupy their respective signs of debilitation, the person even if high-born will become a menial; and if three planets are simultaneously combust the person will be a fool.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mansagari|author=Janardan Harji|publisher=Savitri Thakur Prakashan|pages=308–309|quote=Slokas 6-8}}</ref>


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=={{anchor|Role played by yogas and yoga-causing planets}}Role of yoga and yoga-causing planets==
The Lagna (ascendant) and the Chandra-Lagna (natal moon-sign) gain strength by being aspected by a planet, preferably by their own lords; when their respective lords are strongly placed forming auspicious yogas then good results are to be anticipated failing which all auspicious yogas become defunct.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} If at the time of birth the Lagna or the moon is not aspected by any planet the results of Raja yogas do not fructify. Malefic planets should certainly not afflict the Lagna, the moon, the yoga-causing planets or the bhavas involved; whichever bhava as is associated with or aspected by either their respective lords or by benefic planets gains vitality, although the good effects are destroyed if malefic planets aspect or join them.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} The effect of an aspect is equal to that of conjunction and in practice found to be more effective.<ref>[[Jataka Tattva]] Ch. I St. 63 Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 25</ref> The Sun and Jupiter are the karakas (significators) of the tenth house; any kind of sambandha (mutual association) established by these two makes one adept and shine in his or her chosen field of creative, scientific, religious, or philosophical activity, become a high-ranking official or advisor, and famous. Jupiter situated in the Karakamsa i.e. in conjunction with the Atmakaraka in the Navamsa chart makes one master the Vedas or become a philosopher or a religious leader; Venus likewise situated makes one a great political figure.<ref>{{cite book | title=Bhrigusamhita Phalita Darpan (2002 Edition) | author=Acharya Dhananjya Sanyasi | publisher=Manoj Publications | location=Burari, Delhi | pages=596, 597 | url=http://www.yadsi.in/astrology/bhrigu-Sanhita-Hindi-astrology-fall-darpan-r3839523.html }}</ref>
Hindu astrology is based on the interpretation of [[nakshatra]]s ([[constellation]]s), ''rasis'' ([[astrological sign]]s) and [[Navagraha]] (the astrological planets). Planetary combinations and their indications are based on strength, nature, aspect, and [[Avastha (Hindu astrology)|avastha]] (state).<ref>''[[Jataka Parijata]]'' Ch. XI St. 2. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 737</ref><ref>Jatakadeshmarga Ch. X St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore.</ref> Hindu astrology requires the identification of yogas and their application in accordance with established principles.<ref>''Prasna Tantra'' Ch. I St. 4–5. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 3.</ref>


Although yogas are based on fundamental principles described in standard texts, not all texts cover all possible planetary combinations and associations, and texts have different interpretations of a given yoga.<ref>{{cite book|title=Planets And Their Yoga Formations|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|publisher=Pigeon Books India|place=New Delhi|page=28|url=http://www.pigeonbooks.in/product_info.php?products_id=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209161543/http://www.pigeonbooks.in/product_info.php?products_id=33 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2013 |access-date=7 December 2012}} </ref> Certain yogas described in the texts cannot occur; these relate to Mercury and Venus vis-à-vis the Sun. Mercury never goes beyond 28 degrees in front of or behind the Sun, and Venus never goes beyond 47 degrees.<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. VI St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.195</ref> [[Saraswati yoga]] is common and auspicious.<ref>{{cite book|title=Three Hundred Important Combinations|author= B.V.Raman|date= 31 October 2002|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|page=160|isbn= 9788120808508|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAifaE52xPwC&q=Three+Hundred+Important+Combinations }}</ref>
Yoga results are indicated by the circumstances in which the birth has taken place and the particular course followed by one’s life from birth to death. But yogas are of no avail{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} if the yoga giving dashes do not run their course in the life of persons standing to gain; yoga-causing planets give their results during the course of their dashas and antra-dashes.<ref>[[Jataka Bharanam]]: Sadsaddashavicharana St. I Published by Shri Venkateshwar Press, Mumbai. p. 317</ref> The Dasha of a malefic planet will produce bad results and the antra-dasha of a malefic in the dasa of another malefic will produce evil results.


=={{anchor|Impact of yogas}}Number and effects==
Saravali declares that if the period of a cruel planet has the antra-Dasha of another malefic, the person suffers death.<ref>[[Saravali]] Ch. 42 St.3 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 375</ref> Therefore, it is imperative that the status of the lords of the nakshatras occupied by planets, in particular that of the moon, and by the rising-point of the Lagna is properly determined.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} The sun onwards all planets do not in the course of their data and antra-Dasha confer results in accordance to the bhava formed by their rates as counted from the Lagna alone but according to their particular associations.{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}}{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} Planets tend to give results of the lords of the nakshatras occupied by them;{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} benefic nakshatras become afflicted if they are occupied by Papa grahas.<ref>{{cite book|title=Planets And Their Yoga Formations|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|publisher=Pigeon Books India|place=New Delhi|page=42|url=http://www.pigeonbooks.in/product_info.php?products_id=33 |accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref>{{Clarify|reason=|date=August 2019}} The sun and the moon afflicted by Rahu or Ketu spoil the good effects of other yogas.
Yogas are generally classified as [[Chandra]] (Moon), [[Surya]] (Sun), [[Nābhāsa yoga|Nabhasa]] (celestial), [[Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)|Raja]], [[Dhana yoga|Dhana]], or [[Daridra yoga|Darida]]. Their common factor is the relative strength of the planets and their houses by ownership, occupation or aspect. Janardan Harji, in the fourth chapter of his ''[[Mansagari]]'', assigns certain outcomes to certain combinations.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mansagari|author=Janardan Harji|publisher=Savitri Thakur Prakashan|pages=308–309|quote=Slokas 6-8}}</ref> Yoga results are indicated by the circumstances of birth and the course of a person's life, from birth to death.<ref>Jataka Bharanam: Sadsaddashavicharana St. I Published by Shri Venkateshwar Press, Mumbai. p. 317</ref>


Many learned in Hindu astrology have attempted to enumerate the exact number of possible yogas and avayogas. [[Varāhamihira|Varahamihira]] has listed 16 Raja yogas if Mars, Saturn, Sun and Jupiter or any three of them exalted{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} and one of these three occupies the lagna<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. X St. 2 St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 302</ref> and forty-four Raja yogas if Lagna or Chandra-Lagna occupies Vargottama and has the aspects of four more planets excepting the Moon{{Awkward|reason=|date=August 2019}} but which if read with St. 14 of Ch. I of [[Brihat Jataka]] works out to 264 yogas and 528 combinations for royalty both from Lagna and Chandra-Lagna.<ref>[[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. XI St.3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.304</ref> Later on at the very beginning of Chapter XII of the same text he tells us that the Yavanas had described 1800 varieties of Nab has yogas. Mantreswara in merely three verses has described 66 yogas including 28 Mahayogas.<ref>[[Phaladeepika]] Ch. VI St. 32 to 34 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p.131</ref>
According to ''Saravali'', the planets amplify a person's fate.<ref>Saravali Ch. 42 St.3 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 375</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Planets And Their Yoga Formations|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|publisher=Pigeon Books India|place=New Delhi|page=42|url=http://www.pigeonbooks.in/product_info.php?products_id=33 |access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> Hindu astrologers have attempted to enumerate all possible yogas, with varied results.<ref>Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on [[Brihat Jataka]] Ch. X St. 2 St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 302</ref><ref>''Brihat Jataka'' Ch. XI St.3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.304</ref><ref>[[Phaladeepika]] Ch. VI St. 32 to 34 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p.131</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:04, 2 January 2024

This article is about the concept of Yoga in Hindu astrology.. For the concept of Yoga in Indian astronomy, see Nityayoga.
Astrology
Background
Traditions
Branches
Astrological signs
Symbols

In Hindu astrology, yoga is the relationship between one planet, sign, or house to another by placement, aspect, or conjunction. It is the consideration of the planetary dasha's directional effects, the most important factor which distinguishes Hindu astrology from Western astrology.

Background

[edit]

Laghu Parashari, a treatise on dasha, is based on Parashara's Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra[1] and is the simplest and most widely-followed system. Ancient Hindu astrologers seem to have confined their exercises to the seven planets:[2] the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn; the lunar nodes Rahu and Ketu are rarely mentioned. Parashara refers to five additional chayagrahas, invisible mathematical solar positions which affect individuals and nations. The Rigveda refers to a total of thirty-four chayagrahas: twenty-seven nakshatras lunar stations) and the seven astrological planets.[3] Elsewhere, however, it refers to forty-nine chayagrahas: the previous thirty-four plus the two lunar nodes, the twelve zodiac signs, and ayanamsa. Varahamihira favoured Satyacharya's dasha system, although he said that many people had degraded it with useless additions.[4]

Good or bad planetary results depend on the good or bad yoga caused by the planets.[5] Planets influence each other with mutual, direct (or indirect) sambandha.[6] Auspicious yogas arise when lords of kendras (squares) and trikonas (triangles) establish an association.[7]

Definitions

[edit]

The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root Yuj, meaning to join properly, to control judicially, or to integrate. It has been used to indicate lunisolar distances and planetary situations, associations, and combinations. Yogas are formed when one planet, sign, or house is related to another by placement, aspect or conjunction.[8] The consideration of planetary yogas and dashas is the most important factor that distinguishes Hindu astrology from Western astrology.[citation needed]

Yoga may have good or bad effects. Raja yogas are auspicious, and daridra yogas indicate poverty. Sanyasa yogas indicate sannyasa (renunciation). Some yogas cancel the effects of inauspicious yogas[9] or raja yogas.[10] Some planets yield generally-beneficial yoga, indicating honour and prestige.[11]

Role of yoga and yoga-causing planets

[edit]

Hindu astrology is based on the interpretation of nakshatras (constellations), rasis (astrological signs) and Navagraha (the astrological planets). Planetary combinations and their indications are based on strength, nature, aspect, and avastha (state).[12][13] Hindu astrology requires the identification of yogas and their application in accordance with established principles.[14]

Although yogas are based on fundamental principles described in standard texts, not all texts cover all possible planetary combinations and associations, and texts have different interpretations of a given yoga.[15] Certain yogas described in the texts cannot occur; these relate to Mercury and Venus vis-à-vis the Sun. Mercury never goes beyond 28 degrees in front of or behind the Sun, and Venus never goes beyond 47 degrees.[16] Saraswati yoga is common and auspicious.[17]

Number and effects

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Yogas are generally classified as Chandra (Moon), Surya (Sun), Nabhasa (celestial), Raja, Dhana, or Darida. Their common factor is the relative strength of the planets and their houses by ownership, occupation or aspect. Janardan Harji, in the fourth chapter of his Mansagari, assigns certain outcomes to certain combinations.[18] Yoga results are indicated by the circumstances of birth and the course of a person's life, from birth to death.[19]

According to Saravali, the planets amplify a person's fate.[20][21] Hindu astrologers have attempted to enumerate all possible yogas, with varied results.[22][23][24]

References

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  1. ^ Brihat Jataka Ch. I St. 3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.33.
  2. ^ Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on Brihat Jataka Ch. II St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 73.
  3. ^ Rig Veda I.162.18/Rig Veda X.55.3
  4. ^ Brihat Jataka Ch. VII. St. 13. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 237
  5. ^ Jatakalankara Ch. III St. 1. Published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan, Varanasi. p. 41
  6. ^ Phaladeepika Ch. XV St. 30. Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 305
  7. ^ Phaladeepika Ch. XX St. 42, p. 410
  8. ^ Jataka Parijata Ch. XI St. 1 Published by Motilal Banarsidas Publishers, Delhi. p. 735
  9. ^ Jataka Tattva Ch. II St. 108–116. Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 42
  10. ^ Jataka Tattva Ch.X St.190 to 205 Published by Ranjan Publications, New Delhi. p. 272
  11. ^ Janardan Harji. Mansagari. Savitri Thakur Prakashan. p. 305. Slokas 1-3
  12. ^ Jataka Parijata Ch. XI St. 2. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 737
  13. ^ Jatakadeshmarga Ch. X St. 1. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore.
  14. ^ Prasna Tantra Ch. I St. 4–5. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 3.
  15. ^ Ravinder Kumar Soni. Planets And Their Yoga Formations. New Delhi: Pigeon Books India. p. 28. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  16. ^ Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on Brihat Jataka Ch. VI St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.195
  17. ^ B.V.Raman (31 October 2002). Three Hundred Important Combinations. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 160. ISBN 9788120808508.
  18. ^ Janardan Harji. Mansagari. Savitri Thakur Prakashan. pp. 308–309. Slokas 6-8
  19. ^ Jataka Bharanam: Sadsaddashavicharana St. I Published by Shri Venkateshwar Press, Mumbai. p. 317
  20. ^ Saravali Ch. 42 St.3 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p. 375
  21. ^ Ravinder Kumar Soni. Planets And Their Yoga Formations. New Delhi: Pigeon Books India. p. 42. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  22. ^ Notes of B. Suryanarain Rao on Brihat Jataka Ch. X St. 2 St. I Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p. 302
  23. ^ Brihat Jataka Ch. XI St.3. Published by Raman Publications, Bangalore. p.304
  24. ^ Phaladeepika Ch. VI St. 32 to 34 Published by Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. p.131
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