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This debris-covered iceberg was calved from the terminus of Alaska's Sheridan Glacier.

Ice rafting is the transport of various materials by ice. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the water body, e.g., onto a river bed or an ocean floor.^[1]^[2] These deposits are called ice rafted debris (IRD) or ice rafted deposits. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene when sea levels were very low and much of the land was covered by large masses (sheets) of ice. The rafting of various size sediments into deeper ocean waters by icebergs became a rather important process. Ice rafting is still a process occurring today, although its impact is significantly less and much harder to gauge.

The melting of large icebergs deposits sediment of various sizes, usually referred to as glacial marine sediment, onto the shelf and deeper marine areas.

Ice rafting may be used for analysis of ice drift pattern by matching the rafted sediment with its origin.^[1]^[2]

Ice rafting must also be taken into an account in archaeology and as a possible cause of displacement of archaeological artifacts.

References

^ ^a ^b Bischof, Jens (January 2002). "Ice In The Greenhouse: Earth May Be Cooling, Not Warming" (PDF). Quest. Vol. 5, no. 1. Old Dominion University. pp. 8–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b Bischof, Jens (2000). "The concept of ice rafting". Ice Drift, Ocean Circulation and Climate Change. Springer-Praxis Books. Springer-Verlag. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-1852336486.

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-{{about||the overthrusting of one ice sheet over another|Finger rafting}}
+{{About||the overthrusting of one ice sheet over another|Finger rafting}}
+{{Short description|The transport of various materials by drifting ice}}
-[[File:Hflu9n.jpg|thumb| This debris covered iceberg was [[Ice calving|calved]] from the terminus of Alaska's Sheridan Glacier.]]
+[[File:Hflu9n.jpg|thumb| This debris-covered iceberg was [[Ice calving|calved]] from the terminus of Alaska's Sheridan Glacier.]]
-'''Ice rafting''' is the transport of various material by [[ice]]. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the [[water body]], e.g., onto a [[river bed]] or an [[ocean floor]].<ref name=bischof>[http://www.odu.edu/ao/instadv/quest/greenhouse.html "Ice In The Greenhouse: Earth May Be Cooling, Not Warming"]</ref><ref name=bbook>Bischof, Jens (2008) "Ice Drift, Ocean Circulation and Climate Change", ISBN 1-85233-648-X, [http://books.google.com/books?id=WZgtNnR21kgC&pg=PA9&vq=%22ice+drift%22&dq=%22ice+drift+is%22&source=gbs_search_s&cad=5&sig=iRS1kb1Ne8Gnc-qb99YOxcIJhiU Chapter 3: The Concept of Ice Rafting]</ref> These deposits are called '''ice rafted debris (IRD)''' or '''ice rafted deposits'''. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the [[Pleistocene]] when sea levels were very low and much of the land was covered by large masses (sheets) of ice. The rafting of various size sediments into deeper ocean waters by icebergs became a rather important process. Ice rafting is still a process occurring today although its impact is significantly less and much harder to gauge.
+'''Ice rafting''' is the transport of various materials by [[ice]]. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the [[water body]], e.g., onto a [[river bed]] or an [[ocean floor]].<ref name="bischof">{{Cite magazine|last=Bischof|first=Jens|date=January 2002|title=Ice In The Greenhouse: Earth May Be Cooling, Not Warming|url=http://ww2.odu.edu/ao/instadv/quest/IceInGreenhouse.pdf|url-status=dead|magazine=Quest|publisher=[[Old Dominion University]]|volume=5|issue=1|pages=8–11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705034543/http://ww2.odu.edu/ao/instadv/quest/IceInGreenhouse.pdf|archive-date=5 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="bbook">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZgtNnR21kgC&q=%22ice%20drift%20is%22&pg=PA9|title=Ice Drift, Ocean Circulation and Climate Change|last=Bischof|first=Jens|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=2000|isbn=978-1852336486|series=Springer-Praxis Books|pages=9–10|chapter=The concept of ice rafting}}</ref> These deposits are called '''ice rafted debris''' ('''IRD''') or '''ice rafted deposits'''. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the [[Pleistocene]] when sea levels were very low and much of the land was covered by large masses (sheets) of ice. The rafting of various size sediments into deeper ocean waters by icebergs became a rather important process. Ice rafting is still a process occurring today, although its impact is significantly less and much harder to gauge.
-The melting of large [[iceberg]]s deposits sediment of various sizes, usually referred to as [[glacial]] marine sediment, onto the shelf and deeper marine areas.
+The melting of large [[iceberg]]s deposits sediment of various sizes, usually referred to as [[glacial]] [[marine sediment]], onto the [[Continental shelf|shelf]] and deeper marine areas.
 Ice rafting may be used for analysis of [[ice drift]] pattern by matching the rafted [[sediment]] with its origin.<ref name=bischof/><ref name=bbook/>
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 ==See also==
+* [[Bond event]]
 * [[Glacial debris]]
 * [[Drift station]], a facility built on an ice floe
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 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
-* Boggs, S., 2006, Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 662 p.
-* [http://knol.google.com/k/alexei-rudoy/rafting-glaciology-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F/2mjmwx6ls3hzt/40# Alexei Rudoy. Rafting (Glaciology). Рафтинг (гляциология)]
-[[Category:Ice in transportation]]
-[[Category:Physical oceanography]]
+==Further reading==
+*{{Cite book|title=Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy|last=Boggs|first=Sam Jr.|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|year=2006|isbn=978-0131547285|edition=Fourth|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}}
+* [http://knol.google.com/k/alexei-rudoy/rafting-glaciology-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F/2mjmwx6ls3hzt/40# Alexei Rudoy. Rafting (Glaciology). Рафтинг (гляциология)]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
-{{glaciology-stub}}
+{{Ice}}
+[[Category:Ice in transportation|Rafting]]
-[[ru:Рафтинг (геология)]]
+[[Category:Sea ice|Rafting]]