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Coordinates: 36°09′26″N 32°24′56″E / 36.15722°N 32.41556°E / 36.15722; 32.41556
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{{Short description|Human settlement}}
{{Infobox ancient site
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Antiochia ad Cragum
|name = Antiochia ad Cragum
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|alternate_name = Antiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiochia Parva, Antiocheta in Rufine
|alternate_name = Antiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiochia Parva, Antiocheta in Rufine
|image = AntiochiaCr4.jpg
|image = AntiochiaCr4.jpg
|imagealttext =
|alt =
|caption = Some ruins at Antiochia ad Cragum
|caption = Some ruins at Antiochia ad Cragum
|map_type = Turkey
|map_type = Turkey
|map_alt =
|map_alt =
|map_size=
|map_size=
|coordinates = {{coord|36|09|26|N|32|24|56|E|display=inline,title}}
|latd=36|latm=09|lats=26|latNS=N
|longd=32|longm=24|longs=56|longEW=E
|coordinates_display = title
|location = [[Antalya Province]], [[Turkey]]
|location = [[Antalya Province]], [[Turkey]]
|region = [[Cilicia]]
|region = [[Cilicia]]
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|occupants =
|occupants =
|event =
|event =
|excavations = 2005-2015
|excavations = 2005-2019
|archaeologists = Michael Hoff, Rhys Townsend, Ece Erdoğmuş, Birol Can
|archaeologists = Michael Hoff, Timothy Howe, Rhys Townsend, Ece Erdoğmuş, Birol Can
|condition = In ruins
|condition = In ruins
|ownership =
|ownership =
|management = [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]]
|management = [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]]
|public_access =
|public_access =
|website = <!-- {{http://antiochia.unl.edu/|antiochia.unl.edu}} -->
|website = <!-- {{URL|http://antiochia.unl.edu/|antiochia.unl.edu}} -->
|notes =
|notes =
}}
}}
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'''Antiochia ad Cragum''' ({{lang-el|Αντιόχεια του Κράγου}}) also known as '''Antiochetta''' or [[Latin]]: '''Antiochia Parva''' (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient [[Hellenistic]] city on [[Mount Cragus (Cilicia)|Mount Cragus]] overlooking the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, in the region of [[Cilicia]], in [[Anatolia]]. In modern-day [[Turkey]] the site is encompassed in the village of [[Güneyköy, Gazipaşa|Güneyköy]], [[Gazipaşa|District of Gazipaşa]], [[Antalya Province]].
'''Antiochia ad Cragum''' ({{lang-el|Αντιόχεια του Κράγου}}) also known as '''Antiochetta''' or [[Latin]]: '''Antiochia Parva''' (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient [[Hellenistic]] city on [[Mount Cragus (Cilicia)|Mount Cragus]] overlooking the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, in the region of [[Cilicia]], in [[Anatolia]]. In modern-day [[Turkey]] the site is encompassed in the village of [[Güneyköy, Gazipaşa|Güneyköy]], [[Gazipaşa|District of Gazipaşa]], [[Antalya Province]].


The city was founded by [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] in approximately 170 BC. It minted coins from the mid-1st century to the mid-2nd century; the last known of which were issued under Roman Emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]. The city became part of the kingdom of [[Lesser Armenia]] in the 12th century. In 1332, the [[Knights Hospitallers]] took the city, after which it was known variously as '''Antiochetta''', '''Antiocheta''', '''Antiocheta in Rufine''' ([[Papal bull]] of [[Pope John XXII]]), and '''Antiochia Parva'''.
The city was founded by [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] around 170 BC. It minted coins from the mid-first to the mid-third centuries, the last known of which were issued under Roman Emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]. The city became part of the kingdom of [[Lesser Armenia]] in the 12th century. In 1332, the [[Knights Hospitallers]] took the city, after which it was known variously as '''Antiochetta''', '''Antiocheta''', '''Antiocheta in Rufine''' ([[Papal bull]] of [[Pope John XXII]]), and '''Antiochia Parva'''.


Some scholars claim an identity of Antiochia ad Cragum with the city [[Cragus (Cilicia)|Cragus]] (Kragos) or, although it lies more than 100&nbsp;km away, with [[Sidyma]], which some scholars assert was the [[Cragus (Lycia)|Lycian Cragus]] (Kragos).{{Citation needed}}
Some scholars claim an identity of Antiochia ad Cragum with the city [[Cragus (Cilicia)|Cragus]] (Kragos), or although it lies more than 100&nbsp;km away, with [[Sidyma]], which some scholars assert was the [[Cragus (Lycia)|Lycian Cragus]] (Kragos).{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}


Ruins of the city remain, and include fortifications, baths, chapels, [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[necropolis]], and the largest Roman mosaic found in Turkey.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/science/head-goddess-aphrodite-statue-unearthed-turkey-4B11222082 NBC News.com 09/21/13]</ref>
Ruins of the city remain, and include fortifications, baths, chapels, the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[necropolis]], a wine press, and the largest Roman mosaic found in Turkey.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/science/head-goddess-aphrodite-statue-unearthed-turkey-4B11222082 NBC News.com 09/21/13]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=DODD, EMLYN K.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139263254|title=ROMAN AND LATE ANTIQUE WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN : a comparative ... archaeological study at antiochia ad cragum.|date=2020|publisher=ARCHAEOPRESS|isbn=978-1-78969-403-1|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=1139263254}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dodd|first=Emlyn|date=2020|title=Late Roman viticulture in Rough Cilicia: an unusual wine-press at Antiochia ad Cragum|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-roman-archaeology/article/late-roman-viticulture-in-rough-cilicia-an-unusual-winepress-at-antiochia-ad-cragum/EC6CB460036C79CE9561A9A5BDD9F702|journal=Journal of Roman Archaeology|language=en|volume=33|pages=467–482|doi=10.1017/S1047759420001129|s2cid=219048366 |issn=1047-7594}}</ref>

In 2018, [[latrine]] mosaics with dirty jokes about [[Narcissus (mythology)|Narcissus]] and [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]] were discovered in Antiochia ad Cragum,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/64000-dirty-jokes-mosaics-discovered.html|title=Dirty Jokes in Latrine Mosaics Entertained Ancient Romans|work=Live Science|date=2 November 2018}}</ref> and in 2019, a large pool mosaic was discovered near the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archaeology-world.com/gigantic-roman-mosaic-discovered-under-a-farmers-field/|title=Gigantic Roman mosaic discovered under a farmer's field|work=Archaeology World|date=24 November 2019}}</ref>


==Bishopric==
==Bishopric==
[[File:Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD.png|thumb|right|Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD.]]In [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times, Antiochia Parva was the seat of an episcopal see of the Roman province of [[Isauria#Ecclesiastical_history|Isauria]] in the [[Diocese of the East]]. It was part of the [[Patriarchate of Antioch]] and was suffragan of the Archbishopric of Seleucia.
[[File:Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD.png|thumb|right|Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD]]
In [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times, Antiochia Parva was the seat of an episcopal see of the Roman province of [[Isauria#Ecclesiastical history|Isauria]] in the [[Diocese of the East]]. It was part of the [[Patriarchate of Antioch]] and was suffragan of the Archbishopric of Seleucia.


There are five known ancient bishops of this diocese:
The five known ancient bishops of this diocese were:
*Antonius took part in the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325;
*Antonius took part in the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325.
*Theodosius in the [[First Council of Constantinople]] in 381;
*Theodosius in the [[First Council of Constantinople]] in 381.
*Acacius was among the fathers of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451;
*Acacius was among the fathers of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451.
*Zacharias took part in the [[Trullan Council]] of 692; and
*Zacharias took part in the [[Trullan Council]] of 692
*Theophanes finally witnessed the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)|council held in Constantinople in 879–880]] that rehabilitated the patriarch [[Photius of Constantinople]].<ref name="lequien">Michel Lequien, [http://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1017-1020</ref>
*Theophanes finally witnessed the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)|council held in Constantinople in 879–880]] that rehabilitated the patriarch [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius of Constantinople]].<ref name="lequien">Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1017-1020</ref>


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antiochia Parva is no longer a residential bishopric. It is today listed as a a suppressed and [[titular see]] of the Roman [[Catholic Church]]. <ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 438</ref><ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834</ref> The seat is vacant since April 11, 1964. It was held previously by:
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antiochia Parva is no longer a residential bishopric. It is today listed as a suppressed and [[titular see]] of the Roman [[Catholic Church]].<ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 438</ref><ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 834</ref> The seat is vacant since April 11, 1964. It was held previously by:
*Jacques-Eugène Louis Ménager (June 23, 1955-December 7, 1961)
*Jacques-Eugène Louis Ménager (June 23, 1955 – December 7, 1961)
*André-Jean-Marie Charles de la Brousse (January 26, 1962-April 11, 1964){{refn|group=notes|Lequien gives Bishop Theophan, episcopus Antiochiae parvae, both home to Antioch in Isauria, and namesake in Caria.<ref name="lequien" />
*André-Jean-Marie Charles de la Brousse (January 26, 1962 – April 11, 1964){{refn|group=notes |Lequien gives Bishop Theophan, episcopus Antiochiae parvae, both home to Antioch in Isauria, and namesake in Caria.<ref name="lequien" />}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Antiochia Ad Cragum}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antiochia Ad Cragum}}
[[Category:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Antalya Province]]
[[Category:Cilicia]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Seleucid colonies in Anatolia]]
[[Category:Seleucid colonies in Anatolia]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey]]
[[Category:Ruins in Turkey]]
[[Category:Ruins in Turkey]]
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia|Antiochia Parva]]
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia|Antiochia Parva]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Turkey]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Cilicia]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Antalya Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Cilicia]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Antalya Province]]
[[Category:Gazipaşa District]]
[[Category:Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]

Latest revision as of 16:57, 24 January 2024

Antiochia ad Cragum
Some ruins at Antiochia ad Cragum
Antiochia ad Cragum is located in Turkey
Antiochia ad Cragum
Shown within Turkey
Alternative nameAntiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiochia Parva, Antiocheta in Rufine
LocationAntalya Province, Turkey
RegionCilicia
Coordinates36°09′26″N 32°24′56″E / 36.15722°N 32.41556°E / 36.15722; 32.41556
TypeSettlement
History
Founded170 BC
CulturesHellenistic, Roman, Armenian, Byzantine, Medieval
Site notes
Excavation dates2005-2019
ArchaeologistsMichael Hoff, Timothy Howe, Rhys Townsend, Ece Erdoğmuş, Birol Can
ConditionIn ruins
ManagementUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln

Antiochia ad Cragum (Greek: Αντιόχεια του Κράγου) also known as Antiochetta or Latin: Antiochia Parva (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient Hellenistic city on Mount Cragus overlooking the Mediterranean coast, in the region of Cilicia, in Anatolia. In modern-day Turkey the site is encompassed in the village of Güneyköy, District of Gazipaşa, Antalya Province.

The city was founded by Antiochus IV Epiphanes around 170 BC. It minted coins from the mid-first to the mid-third centuries, the last known of which were issued under Roman Emperor Valerian. The city became part of the kingdom of Lesser Armenia in the 12th century. In 1332, the Knights Hospitallers took the city, after which it was known variously as Antiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiocheta in Rufine (Papal bull of Pope John XXII), and Antiochia Parva.

Some scholars claim an identity of Antiochia ad Cragum with the city Cragus (Kragos), or although it lies more than 100 km away, with Sidyma, which some scholars assert was the Lycian Cragus (Kragos).[citation needed]

Ruins of the city remain, and include fortifications, baths, chapels, the Roman necropolis, a wine press, and the largest Roman mosaic found in Turkey.[1][2][3]

In 2018, latrine mosaics with dirty jokes about Narcissus and Ganymede were discovered in Antiochia ad Cragum,[4] and in 2019, a large pool mosaic was discovered near the city.[5]

Bishopric

[edit]
Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD

In Byzantine times, Antiochia Parva was the seat of an episcopal see of the Roman province of Isauria in the Diocese of the East. It was part of the Patriarchate of Antioch and was suffragan of the Archbishopric of Seleucia.

The five known ancient bishops of this diocese were:

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antiochia Parva is no longer a residential bishopric. It is today listed as a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.[7][8] The seat is vacant since April 11, 1964. It was held previously by:

  • Jacques-Eugène Louis Ménager (June 23, 1955 – December 7, 1961)
  • André-Jean-Marie Charles de la Brousse (January 26, 1962 – April 11, 1964)[notes 1]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Lequien gives Bishop Theophan, episcopus Antiochiae parvae, both home to Antioch in Isauria, and namesake in Caria.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ NBC News.com 09/21/13
  2. ^ DODD, EMLYN K. (2020). ROMAN AND LATE ANTIQUE WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN : a comparative ... archaeological study at antiochia ad cragum. [Place of publication not identified]: ARCHAEOPRESS. ISBN 978-1-78969-403-1. OCLC 1139263254.
  3. ^ Dodd, Emlyn (2020). "Late Roman viticulture in Rough Cilicia: an unusual wine-press at Antiochia ad Cragum". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 33: 467–482. doi:10.1017/S1047759420001129. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 219048366.
  4. ^ "Dirty Jokes in Latrine Mosaics Entertained Ancient Romans". Live Science. 2 November 2018.
  5. ^ "Gigantic Roman mosaic discovered under a farmer's field". Archaeology World. 24 November 2019.
  6. ^ a b Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1017-1020
  7. ^ Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 438
  8. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834
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