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{{Short description|1936 farce play co-written and directed by Orson Welles}}
{{Other uses|Un Chapeau de Paille d'Italie{{!}}Un chapeau de paille d'Italie}}
{{Infobox play
{{Infobox play
| name = Horse Eats Hat
| name = Horse Eats Hat
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| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| writer = [[Edwin Denby (poet)|Edwin Denby]]<br>[[Orson Welles]]<br>Based on the play<br>''[[The Italian Straw Hat (play)|The Italian Straw Hat]]''<br>by [[Eugene Labiche]] and [[Marc-Michel]]
| writer = [[Edwin Denby (poet)|Edwin Denby]]<br>[[Orson Welles]]<br>Based on the play<br>''[[The Italian Straw Hat (play)|The Italian Straw Hat]]''<br>by [[Eugène Labiche]] and [[Marc-Michel]]
| chorus =
| chorus =
| characters =
| characters =
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| setting =
| setting =
| premiere = September 26, 1936
| premiere = September 26, 1936
| place = [[Maxine Elliott Theatre]], New York City
| place = [[Maxine Elliott's Theatre]], New York City
| orig_lang = English
| orig_lang = English
| series =
| series =
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| web =
| web =
}}
}}
'''''Horse Eats Hat''''' is a 1936 [[farce]] play co-written and directed by the 21-year-old [[Orson Welles]], and presented under the auspices of the [[Federal Theatre Project]]. It was Welles's second [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] production, after his highly successful ''[[Voodoo Macbeth]]''. The script, by both [[Edwin Denby (poet)|Edwin Denby]] and Welles, was an adaptation of the classic French farce ''[[The Italian Straw Hat (play)|The Italian Straw Hat]]'', by [[Eugène Marin Labiche]] and [[Marc-Michel]].
'''''Horse Eats Hat''''' is a 1936 [[farce]] play co-written and directed by [[Orson Welles]] (at the time 21 years of age) and presented under the auspices of the [[Federal Theatre Project]]. It was Welles's second [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] production, after his highly successful ''[[Voodoo Macbeth]]''. The script, by [[Edwin Denby (poet)|Edwin Denby]] and Welles, was an adaptation of the classic French farce ''[[The Italian Straw Hat (play)|The Italian Straw Hat]]'' ({{Lang-fr|Un chapeau de paille d'Italie|link=no}}) by [[Eugène Marin Labiche]] and [[Marc-Michel]].


Starring [[Joseph Cotten]], a mainstay of what would become known as the [[Mercury Theatre]], the play premiered at the [[Maxine Elliott Theatre]], New York City, on September 26, 1936, running until December 5, 1936.
Starring [[Joseph Cotten]], a mainstay of what would become known as the [[Mercury Theatre]], the play premiered at [[Maxine Elliott's Theatre]], New York City, on September 26, 1936, running until December 5, 1936.


==Assessment==
Welles spoke to filmmaker [[Peter Bogdanovich]] about the production:
Welles spoke to filmmaker [[Peter Bogdanovich]] about the production:


<blockquote>The farce ''Horse Eats Hat'' was the best of the Mercury shows and, though successful, it divided the town. The press was mixed, yet it was always packed, and had an enormous following. Some people went to it every week as long as it ran."''<ref>[[Orson Welles|Welles, Orson]], and [[Peter Bogdanovich]], ''[[This is Orson Welles]]''. New York: [[HarperCollins]] Publishers 1992 ISBN 0-06-016616-9 page 334</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>The farce ''Horse Eats Hat'' was the best of the Mercury shows and, though successful, it divided the town. The press was mixed, yet it was always packed, and had an enormous following. Some people went to it every week as long as it ran.<ref>[[Orson Welles|Welles, Orson]], and [[Peter Bogdanovich]], ''[[This is Orson Welles]]''. New York: [[HarperCollins]] Publishers 1992 {{ISBN|0-06-016616-9}} page 334</ref></blockquote>


Welles biographer [[Simon Callow]] addressed this production at the [[British Film Institute]]'s premiere of the restored Welles film ''[[Chimes at Midnight]]'' in 2015:
==Cast==
{{Plainlist|
* Freddy[[Joseph Cotten]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW">[[Richard France (writer)|France, Richard]], ''The Theatre of Orson Welles''. Cranbury, New Jersey: [[Associated University Presses]], Inc. 1977 ISBN 0-8387-1972-4</ref>{{Rp|182}}
* Mugglethorpe[[Orson Welles]], Edgerton Paul<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* HorseCarol King and Edwin Denby<ref name="Bret Wood">[[Bret Wood|Wood, Bret]], ''Orson Welles: A Bio-Bibliography''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 ISBN 0-313-26538-0</ref>{{Rp|34}}
* EntwhistleGeorge Duthie<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Uncle AdolpheDonald MacMillian<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* QueeperDana Stevens<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Bobbin[[Hiram Sherman]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Grimshot, Lieutenant of CavalrySidney Smith<ref name="Bret Wood"/>{{Rp|34}}
* JosephHarry McKee<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* GustaveFrance Bendtsen<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Augustus[[Bil Baird]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Myrtle MugglethorpeVirginia Welles<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Agatha EntwhistlePaula Laurence<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Tillie[[Arlene Francis]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* The CountessSarah Burton<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* Daisy[[Henny Backus|Henriette Kaye]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
* ClotildaLucy Rodriguez<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* CorporalBernard Savage<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* ButlerWalter Burton<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* First FootmanSteven Carter<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* Second FootmanJ. Headley<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* RagusoEnrico Cellini<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
* BerkowitzGeorge Barter<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
}}

Wedding GuestsEllen Worth, Arabella St. James, Marie Jones, Hattie Rappaport, Anna Gold, Myron Paulson, Wallace Acton, Pell Dentler, George Leach, Bil Baird<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}

Tillie's GirlsPeggy Hartley, Terry Carlson, Lee Molnar, Gloria Sheldon, Teresa Alvarez, Opal Essant, June Thorne, Mildred Cold, Geraldine Law<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}

Countess's GuestsGeorgia Empry, Solomon Goldstein, May Angela, Lawrence Hawley, Margaret Maley, Jack Smith, Mary Kukavski, Elizabeth Malone, Ann Morton, Helena Rapport, Helen Korsun, Nina Salama, Julie Fassett, Jane Hale, Jane Johnson, Michael Callaghan, Don Harward, Walter LeRoy, Harry Merchant, Warren Goddard<<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}{{Rp|34}}

Citizens Night PatrolArthur Wood, James Perry, Victor Wright, Robert Hopkins, Craig Gordon, Harry Singer, Frank Kelly, Bernard Lewis, Henry Russelle, Charles Uday, George Smithfield, Henry Laird, Edwin Hemmer, George Armstrong, Jerry Hitchcock, Tod Brown<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}


<blockquote>(After the success of ''Voodoo Macbeth'') ... they ([[John Houseman]] and Welles) decided to scheme a project of their own, and they did indeed set up a theatre company of their own under the umbrella of the Federal Theatre Project. They immediately embarked on a fantastically eclectic and crazy program. They gathered around them actors that they had loved ... people that we all know now very well from ''[[Citizen Kane]]''; all kinds of character actors, and Welles had a special passion for variety artists – that's the background he had with his father, and so on. So, he crammed them all into their first show, which was a really crazily ambitious thing to do, which was the famous play of ''The Italian Straw Hat''. Houseman particularly, and his friend [[Virgil Thomson]] who helped to do the translation, were ever aware of all the new currents in theatre. This time, instead of going towards [[Expressionism]] they went towards French [[Surrealism]], and they devised a production, which one would so love to have seen, in which basically the production kept exploding. The set kept on falling down; it was 'the play that went wrong'. The [[proscenium|proscenium arch]] suddenly cracked, and the audience thought that the proscenium arch had actually cracked, but it was all carefully planned. There were cars coming on the stage and going off the stage. It was a mad and insane kind of a romp. Very light-hearted and very fluffy. No political element to it at all. Detested by fifty percent of the press – adored by fifty percent of the press. Some people went again and again and again. [[Joshua Logan]] told Welles that it was the greatest piece of theatre that he had ever seen in his life. They had already created a sensation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160401220049/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5638da5aaa40b "Simon Callow on Orson Welles and the theatre"] by [[Simon Callow]], [[British Film Institute]], August 3, 2015 ([[Adobe Flash]] video)</ref></blockquote>


==Cast==
{| class=wikitable
|Freddy||[[Joseph Cotten]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW">[[Richard France (writer)|France, Richard]], ''The Theatre of Orson Welles''. Cranbury, New Jersey: [[Associated University Presses]], Inc. 1977 {{ISBN|0-8387-1972-4}}</ref>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Mugglethorpe||[[Orson Welles]], Edgerton Paul<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Horse||Carol King and Edwin Denby<ref name="Bret Wood">[[Bret Wood|Wood, Bret]], ''Orson Welles: A Bio-Bibliography''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 {{ISBN|0-313-26538-0}}</ref>{{Rp|34}}
|-
|Entwhistle||George Duthie<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Uncle Adolphe||Donald MacMillian<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Queeper||Dana Stevens<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Bobbin||[[Hiram Sherman]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Grimshot, Lieutenant of Cavalry||Sidney Smith<ref name="Bret Wood"/>{{Rp|34}}
|-
|Joseph||Harry McKee<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Gustave||France Bendtsen<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Augustus||[[Bil Baird]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Myrtle Mugglethorpe||Virginia Welles<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Agatha Entwhistle||Paula Laurence<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Tillie||[[Arlene Francis]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|The Countess||Sarah Burton<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Daisy||[[Henny Backus|Henriette Kaye]]<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|182}}
|-
|Clotilda||Lucy Rodriguez<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Corporal||Bernard Savage<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Butler||Walter Burton<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|-
|First Footman||Steven Carter<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Second Footman||J. Headley<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Raguso||Enrico Cellini<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Berkowitz||George Barter<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Wedding Guests||Ellen Worth, Arabella St. James, Marie Jones, Hattie Rappaport, Anna Gold, Myron Paulson, Wallace Acton, Pell Dentler, George Leach, Bil Baird<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Tillie's Girls||Peggy Hartley, Terry Carlson, Lee Molnar, Gloria Sheldon, Teresa Alvarez, Opal Essant, June Thorne, Mildred Cold, Geraldine Law<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|-
|Countess's Guests||Georgia Empry, Solomon Goldstein, May Angela, Lawrence Hawley, Margaret Maley, Jack Smith, Mary Kukavski, Elizabeth Malone, Ann Morton, Helena Rapport, Helen Korsun, Nina Salama, Julie Fassett, Jane Hale, Jane Johnson, Michael Callaghan, Don Harward, Walter LeRoy, Harry Merchant, Warren Goddard<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}{{Rp|34}}
|-
|Citizens Night Patrol||Arthur Wood, James Perry, Victor Wright, Robert Hopkins, Craig Gordon, Harry Singer, Frank Kelly, Bernard Lewis, Henry Russelle, Charles Uday, George Smithfield, Henry Laird, Edwin Hemmer, George Armstrong, Jerry Hitchcock, Tod Brown<ref name="France Theatre of OW"/>{{Rp|183}}
|}
<gallery mode=packed heights=160px>
<gallery mode=packed heights=160px>
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Costume-1071.jpg|Costume for Mugglethorpe
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Costume-1071.jpg|Costume for Mugglethorpe
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Costume-1077.jpg|Costume for the Countess
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Costume-1077.jpg|Costume for the Countess
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-38-Rehearsal.jpg|Arlene Francis, Joseph Cotten and Welles at a rehearsal
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-38-Rehearsal.jpg|Arlene Francis, Joseph Cotten and Orson Welles at a rehearsal
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-42-Houseman-Welles.jpg|John Houseman and Welles at a rehearsal
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-42-Houseman-Welles.jpg|John Houseman, Edwin Denby and Welles at a rehearsal
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-21-Welles.jpg|Welles's office at the Maxine Elliott Theatre
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-21-Welles.jpg|Welles in his office at Maxine Elliott's Theatre
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-24-Poster.jpg|The horse (Carol King, Edwin Denby) outside the Maxine Elliott Theatre
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-24-Poster.jpg|The horse (Carol King, Denby) and creator [[Bil Baird]] outside Maxine Elliott's Theatre
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-19-Cotten-Nicolson.jpg|Joseph Cotten and Virginia Welles
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-19-Cotten-Nicolson.jpg|Cotten and Virginia Welles
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-28-Smith-Laurence-Cotten.jpg|Sidney Smith, Paula Laurence and Joseph Cotten
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-28-Smith-Laurence-Cotten.jpg|Sidney Smith, Paula Laurence and Cotten
File:WPA Federal Theater Project in New York-"Horse Eats Hat" - NARA - 195721.tif|Sidney Smith and Paula Laurence
File:WPA Federal Theater Project in New York-"Horse Eats Hat" - NARA - 195721.tif|Smith and Laurence
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-06-Cotten-Smith-Laurence.jpg|Joseph Cotten, Sidney Smith and Paula Laurence
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-06-Cotten-Smith-Laurence.jpg|Cotten, Smith and Laurence
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Cotten-Francis.jpg|Joseph Cotten and Arlene Francis
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Cotten-Francis.jpg|Cotten and Francis
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-04.jpg|Henriette Kaye and Harry McKee
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-04.jpg|Henriette Kaye and Harry McKee
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Wedding-Party.jpg|The wedding party on its way to the Countess's reception
File:Horse-Eats-Hat-Wedding-Party.jpg|The wedding party on its way to the Countess's reception
Line 83: Line 109:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{IBDB show|4493}}
* {{IBDB show|4493}}
*[http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/federaltheatre/playsandplayers/classics/ExhibitObjects/HorseEatsHat.aspx ''Horse Eats Hat''] Library of Congress exhibition ''Coast to Coast: The Federal Theatre Project, 1935–1939'' (February 17–July 16, 2011)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120406085626/http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/federaltheatre/playsandplayers/classics/ExhibitObjects/HorseEatsHat.aspx ''Horse Eats Hat''] [[Library of Congress]] exhibition ''Coast to Coast: The Federal Theatre Project, 1935–1939'' (February 17 – July 16, 2011)


{{Orson Welles|state=autocollapse}}
{{Orson Welles|state=autocollapse}}
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[[Category:Plays by Orson Welles]]
[[Category:Plays by Orson Welles]]
[[Category:1936 plays]]
[[Category:1936 plays]]
[[Category:Plays based on other plays]]
[[Category:Federal Theatre Project]]
[[Category:Federal Theatre Project]]

Latest revision as of 10:11, 23 February 2024

Horse Eats Hat
Written byEdwin Denby
Orson Welles
Based on the play
The Italian Straw Hat
by Eugène Labiche and Marc-Michel
Date premieredSeptember 26, 1936
Place premieredMaxine Elliott's Theatre, New York City
Original languageEnglish
GenreFarce

Horse Eats Hat is a 1936 farce play co-written and directed by Orson Welles (at the time 21 years of age) and presented under the auspices of the Federal Theatre Project. It was Welles's second WPA production, after his highly successful Voodoo Macbeth. The script, by Edwin Denby and Welles, was an adaptation of the classic French farce The Italian Straw Hat (French: Un chapeau de paille d'Italie) by Eugène Marin Labiche and Marc-Michel.

Starring Joseph Cotten, a mainstay of what would become known as the Mercury Theatre, the play premiered at Maxine Elliott's Theatre, New York City, on September 26, 1936, running until December 5, 1936.

Assessment

[edit]

Welles spoke to filmmaker Peter Bogdanovich about the production:

The farce Horse Eats Hat was the best of the Mercury shows – and, though successful, it divided the town. The press was mixed, yet it was always packed, and had an enormous following. Some people went to it every week as long as it ran.[1]

Welles biographer Simon Callow addressed this production at the British Film Institute's premiere of the restored Welles film Chimes at Midnight in 2015:

(After the success of Voodoo Macbeth) ... they (John Houseman and Welles) decided to scheme a project of their own, and they did indeed set up a theatre company of their own under the umbrella of the Federal Theatre Project. They immediately embarked on a fantastically eclectic and crazy program. They gathered around them actors that they had loved ... people that we all know now very well from Citizen Kane; all kinds of character actors, and Welles had a special passion for variety artists – that's the background he had with his father, and so on. So, he crammed them all into their first show, which was a really crazily ambitious thing to do, which was the famous play of The Italian Straw Hat. Houseman particularly, and his friend Virgil Thomson who helped to do the translation, were ever aware of all the new currents in theatre. This time, instead of going towards Expressionism they went towards French Surrealism, and they devised a production, which one would so love to have seen, in which basically the production kept exploding. The set kept on falling down; it was 'the play that went wrong'. The proscenium arch suddenly cracked, and the audience thought that the proscenium arch had actually cracked, but it was all carefully planned. There were cars coming on the stage and going off the stage. It was a mad and insane kind of a romp. Very light-hearted and very fluffy. No political element to it at all. Detested by fifty percent of the press – adored by fifty percent of the press. Some people went again and again and again. Joshua Logan told Welles that it was the greatest piece of theatre that he had ever seen in his life. They had already created a sensation.[2]

Cast

[edit]
Freddy Joseph Cotten[3]: 182 
Mugglethorpe Orson Welles, Edgerton Paul[3]: 182 
Horse Carol King and Edwin Denby[4]: 34 
Entwhistle George Duthie[3]: 182 
Uncle Adolphe Donald MacMillian[3]: 182 
Queeper Dana Stevens[3]: 182 
Bobbin Hiram Sherman[3]: 182 
Grimshot, Lieutenant of Cavalry Sidney Smith[4]: 34 
Joseph Harry McKee[3]: 182 
Gustave France Bendtsen[3]: 182 
Augustus Bil Baird[3]: 182 
Myrtle Mugglethorpe Virginia Welles[3]: 182 
Agatha Entwhistle Paula Laurence[3]: 182 
Tillie Arlene Francis[3]: 182 
The Countess Sarah Burton[3]: 182 
Daisy Henriette Kaye[3]: 182 
Clotilda Lucy Rodriguez[3]: 183 
Corporal Bernard Savage[3]: 183 
Butler Walter Burton[3]: 183 
First Footman Steven Carter[3]: 183 
Second Footman J. Headley[3]: 183 
Raguso Enrico Cellini[3]: 183 
Berkowitz George Barter[3]: 183 
Wedding Guests Ellen Worth, Arabella St. James, Marie Jones, Hattie Rappaport, Anna Gold, Myron Paulson, Wallace Acton, Pell Dentler, George Leach, Bil Baird[3]: 183 
Tillie's Girls Peggy Hartley, Terry Carlson, Lee Molnar, Gloria Sheldon, Teresa Alvarez, Opal Essant, June Thorne, Mildred Cold, Geraldine Law[3]: 183 
Countess's Guests Georgia Empry, Solomon Goldstein, May Angela, Lawrence Hawley, Margaret Maley, Jack Smith, Mary Kukavski, Elizabeth Malone, Ann Morton, Helena Rapport, Helen Korsun, Nina Salama, Julie Fassett, Jane Hale, Jane Johnson, Michael Callaghan, Don Harward, Walter LeRoy, Harry Merchant, Warren Goddard[3]: 183 : 34 
Citizens Night Patrol Arthur Wood, James Perry, Victor Wright, Robert Hopkins, Craig Gordon, Harry Singer, Frank Kelly, Bernard Lewis, Henry Russelle, Charles Uday, George Smithfield, Henry Laird, Edwin Hemmer, George Armstrong, Jerry Hitchcock, Tod Brown[3]: 183 

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich, This is Orson Welles. New York: HarperCollins Publishers 1992 ISBN 0-06-016616-9 page 334
  2. ^ "Simon Callow on Orson Welles and the theatre" by Simon Callow, British Film Institute, August 3, 2015 (Adobe Flash video)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y France, Richard, The Theatre of Orson Welles. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Presses, Inc. 1977 ISBN 0-8387-1972-4
  4. ^ a b Wood, Bret, Orson Welles: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 ISBN 0-313-26538-0
[edit]