Moiety (chemistry): Difference between revisions
Readability |
moiety in pharmacology incorrectly referred to it as the part of "an atom" responsible for activity. Should be the part of "a molecule" |
||
| (23 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Other uses|Moiety (disambiguation){{!}}Moiety}} |
|||
{{short description|Relatively large characteristic segment of a molecule}} |
{{short description|Relatively large characteristic segment of a molecule}} |
||
[[Image:Benzyl acetate - functional groups and moieties.svg|thumb|250px|[[Benzyl acetate]] contains a ''benzyloxy moiety'' (encircled with light orange). It also contains an ''[[ester]] functional group'' (in red), and an ''[[acetyl]] functional group'' (encircled with dark green). Other divisions can be made.]] |
[[Image:Benzyl acetate - functional groups and moieties.svg|thumb|250px|[[Benzyl acetate]] contains a ''benzyloxy moiety'' (encircled with light orange). It also contains an ''[[ester]] functional group'' (in red), and an ''[[acetyl]] functional group'' (encircled with dark green). Other divisions can be made.]] |
||
| ⚫ | In [[organic chemistry]], a '''moiety''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔɪ|ə|t|i}}) is a part of a [[molecule]]<ref name=IUPAC>{{GoldBookRef |title=moiety |file=M03968 }}</ref><ref name=IGOC>{{Cite web|url=http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/M/moiety.html|title=Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety|website=web.chem.ucla.edu|access-date=2017-04-22}}</ref> that is given a name because it is identified as a part |
||
| ⚫ | In [[organic chemistry]], a '''moiety''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔɪ|ə|t|i}} {{Respell|MOY|ə|tee}}) is a part of a [[molecule]]<ref name=IUPAC>{{GoldBookRef |title=moiety |file=M03968 }}</ref><ref name=IGOC>{{Cite web|url=http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/M/moiety.html|title=Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety|website=web.chem.ucla.edu|access-date=2017-04-22}}</ref> that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well. |
||
| ⚫ | Typically, the term is |
||
| ⚫ | Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller [[functional group]]s <ref name=IUPAC /><ref name=IGOC /> of atoms that [[chemical reaction|chemically react]] in similar ways in most molecules that contain them.<ref>{{GoldBookRef |title=functional group |file=F02555 }}</ref> Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.{{cn|reason=Nothing in the three references supporting GoldBookRef supports this uncited compound claim.|date=December 2023}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
The term is also used in [[pharmacology]], where an '''[[#active moiety|active moiety]]''' is the part of a molecule responsible for the [[biological activity|physiological or pharmacological action]] of a [[drug]]. |
|||
==Active moiety== |
==Active moiety== |
||
Latest revision as of 13:21, 29 February 2024
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule[1][2] that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.
Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups [1][2] of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them.[3] Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.[citation needed]
A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.
The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Active moiety
[edit]In pharmacology, an active moiety is the part of a molecule or ion – excluding appended inactive portions – that is responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug substance. Inactive appended portions of the drug substance may include either the alcohol or acid moiety of an ester, a salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate).[4][5] The parent drug may itself be an inactive prodrug and only after the active moiety is released from the parent in free form does it become active.
See also
[edit]- Moiety conservation
The dictionary definition of moiety at Wiktionary
References
[edit]- ^ a b IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "moiety". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03968
- ^ a b "Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety". web.chem.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-22.
- ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "functional group". doi:10.1351/goldbook.F02555
- ^ "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". United States Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs § 314.3". Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. United States Government Publishing Office. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
Active moiety is the molecule or ion, excluding those appended portions of the molecule that cause the drug to be an ester, salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate) of the molecule, responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of the drug substance.