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Coordinates: 11°33′45″N 104°55′54″E / 11.56250°N 104.93167°E / 11.56250; 104.93167
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{{Short description|Notable Buddhist temple in Phnom Penh, Cambodia}}
{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Silver Pagoda<br>Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram<br>(Wat Preah Keo Morokot)<br>Temple of the Emerald Buddha
| name = Silver Pagoda<br />Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram<br />(Wat Preah Keo Morokot)<br />Temple of the Emerald Buddha
| native_name = វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម<br>(វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត)
| native_name = វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម<br />(វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត)
| image = 2016 Phnom Penh, Pałac Królewski, Srebrna Pagoda (02).jpg
| image = file:Silverpagoda.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
Line 10: Line 11:
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Cambodia
| map_caption = Location in Cambodia
| location = Phnom Penh city
| location = Samdech Sothearos Blvd (3), [[Phnom Penh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11|33|45|N|104|55|54|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|11|33|45|N|104|55|54|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]
Line 17: Line 18:
| functional_status =
| functional_status =
| website =
| website =
| founded_by = King [[Norodom|Norodom I]]
| founded_by = [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King]] [[Norodom of Cambodia|Norodom]]
| year_completed = 19th century
| year_completed = 19th century
}}
}}


The '''Silver Pagoda''' is located on the south side of the [[Royal Palace, Phnom Penh|Royal Palace]] in [[Chey Chumneas]], [[Phnom Penh]].<ref name=Brew>{{cite web|author=Brew, Melanie|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/real-estate/i-want-move-chey-chumneas-phnom-penh|title=I want to move to ... Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh |newspaper=[[Phnom Penh Post]]|date=2008-12-17|accessdate=2020-05-13}}</ref> The official name is '''Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram''' ([[Khmer Language|Khmer]]: វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម), also known as '''Wat Preah Keo Morakot''' ({{lang-km|វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត}}, "Temple of the Emerald-Crystal Buddha") which is commonly shortened to '''Wat Preah Keo''' ({{lang-km|វត្តព្រះកែវ}}) in [[Khmer language|Khmer]].
The '''Silver Pagoda''' is located on the south side of the [[Royal Palace, Phnom Penh|Royal Palace]] in [[Chey Chumneas]], [[Phnom Penh]].<ref name=Brew>{{cite web|author=Brew, Melanie|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/real-estate/i-want-move-chey-chumneas-phnom-penh|title=I want to move to ... Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh |newspaper=[[Phnom Penh Post]]|date=2008-12-17|accessdate=2020-05-13}}</ref> The official name is '''Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram''' ({{lang-km|វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម}}), also known as '''Wat Preah Keo Morakot''' (Khmer: វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត, "Temple of the Emerald-Crystal Buddha") which is commonly shortened to '''Wat Preah Keo''' (Khmer: វត្តព្រះកែវ) in [[Khmer language|Khmer]].


The [[vihara]] houses many national treasures including many golds and jeweled Buddha statues. The most significant are a small green crystal Buddha (the "Emerald Buddha" of Cambodia — some sources maintain it was made of Baccarat Crystal in the 17th century<ref name="Jeldres, Julio">{{cite book|author=Julio A. Jeldres|title=From The Royal House of Cambodia|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books/about/The_Royal_House_of_Cambodia.html?id=fmtuAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|date= 2003 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789924907855|pages= 102–}}</ref> but that's not possible since [[Baccarat (company)#1764-1816|Baccarat Crystal]] didn't exist until 18th century, and other sources indicate it was made in 19th century by [[René Lalique|Lalique]], a glass designer who lived in the 19th-20th century), and a life-sized gold [[Maitreya Buddha]] commissioned by King [[Sisowath]], weighing 90&nbsp;kg and dressed in royal regalia and set with 9584 diamonds,<ref name=" Félix Faraut ">{{cite book|author=Penny Edwards|title=From The Cultivation of a Nation, 1860-1945|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=HVFOPgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions|date= 2008 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789749511398|pages= 392–}}</ref> the largest of which weighing 25 carats, created in the palace workshops during 1906 and 1907. After the [[Cambodian Civil War]] the gold [[Maitreya Buddha]] lost most of its two-thousand diamonds. During King [[Norodom Sihanouk]]'s pre-[[Khmer Rouge]] reign, the Silver Pagoda was inlaid with more than 5,329 silver tiles and some of its outer facades was remodeled with Italian marble. However, only a small area of these tiles are available to be viewed by the public on entering the pagoda.
The [[vihara]] houses many national treasures including many golds and jeweled Buddha statues. The most significant are a small green crystal Buddha (the "Emerald Buddha" of Cambodia — some sources maintain it was made of Baccarat Crystal in the 17th century<ref name="Jeldres, Julio">{{cite book|author=Julio A. Jeldres|title=From The Royal House of Cambodia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmtuAAAAMAAJ|date= 2003 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9924-9078-5-5|pages= 102–}}</ref> but that's not possible since [[Baccarat (company)#1764-1816|Baccarat Crystal]] didn't exist until the 18th century, and other sources indicate it was made in the 19th century by [[René Lalique|Lalique]], a glass designer who lived in the 19th-20th century), and a life-sized gold [[Maitreya Buddha]] commissioned by King [[Sisowath]], weighing 90&nbsp;kg and dressed in royal regalia and set with 9584 diamonds,<ref name=" Félix Faraut ">{{cite book|author=Penny Edwards|title=From The Cultivation of a Nation, 1860-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVFOPgAACAAJ|date= 2008 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-974-9511-39-8|pages= 392–}}</ref> the largest of which weighing 25 carats, created in the palace workshops during 1906 and 1907. After the [[Cambodian Civil War]] the gold [[Maitreya Buddha]] lost most of its two-thousand diamonds. During King [[Norodom Sihanouk]]'s pre-[[Khmer Rouge]] reign, the Silver Pagoda was inlaid with more than 5,329 silver tiles and some of its outer facades was remodeled with Italian marble. However, only a small area of these tiles are available to be viewed by the public on entering the pagoda.


The wall that surrounds the structures is covered with [[murals]] of the [[Reamker]] painted in 1903-1904 by Cambodian artists directed by the architect of the Silver Pagoda Oknha Tep Nimit Mak.<ref>http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL71_0607.pdf</ref> The legend of [[Preah Ko Preah Keo]] is also represented by two statues.
The wall that surrounds the structures is covered with [[murals]] of the [[Reamker]] painted in 1903-1904 by Cambodian artists directed by the architect of the Silver Pagoda Oknha Tep Nimit Mak.<ref>http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL71_0607.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> The legend of [[Preah Ko Preah Keo]] is also represented by two statues.


It is a notable [[wat]] ([[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple) in [[Phnom Penh]]; Its grounds being used for various national and royal ceremonies. The cremated remains of [[Norodom Sihanouk]] are interred in the stupa of Kantha Bopha located on the temple's compound.
It is a notable [[wat]] ([[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple) in [[Phnom Penh]]; Its grounds being used for various national and royal ceremonies. The cremated remains of [[Norodom Sihanouk]] are interred in the stupa of Kantha Bopha located on the temple's compound.


== History ==
{{wide image|Silver Pagoda.jpg|600px|View of the Silver Pagoda complex|dir=rtl}}
Preah Keo Morakot temple does not have monks, so King Norodom Sihanouk went to live there during the construction of Preah Phnos for a year (on the 14th day of the second month of the year). On Kor Nopvasak, BE 2490 (July 31, 1947), he was ordained as a monk and took the Temple of Preah Keo Morakot as a place of dharma learning in the practice of the Buddhist Dharma daily. Due to the fact that Preah Keo Morakot Temple had a monarch as a monk, this temple was renamed Wat Ubaosoth Preah Chin Rangsey Reachea Norodom Ratanaram ([[ភាសាខ្មែរ]]: វត្តឧបោសថ ព្រះជិនរង្សីរាជានរោត្ដម រតនារ៉ាម), which translates to the Divine Dharma Pagoda of the Radiant Treasure of King Norodom. This temple is also called Preah Vihear Preah Keo Morakot after the enerald-colored statue of the Buddhist honored at the central altar. This temple is called Wat Prak (the Silver Pagods) by foreign tourists as the entirety of the floor is covered with 5329 pieces of silver tile. Altogether, the tablets weigh 1,125 kg. There are 1,650 artifacts on display in the temple, most of which are made of gold, silver, bronze and adorned with precious stones such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires and other precious stones. Most notable, the standing Maitreya Buddha statue is made of 90 kilograms of gold and contains 9584 diamonds, the largest of which is 25 carats. This palladium honors the shared history with the Lan Xang dynasty of Laos, with a form resembling that of the Phra Bang. Legend holds that this statue had been a gift from the Cambodian king to the Lao King Fa Ngum when the Thai king invaded Angkor (1352 - 1357) during the reign of King Suriyavong. The Maitreya Buddha was built in the palace workshops from 1906-1907 under the reign of King Sisowath of Cambodia. The walls surrounding the buildings are covered with Reamker paintings painted in 1903-1904 by a Cambodian artist led by the architect of Wat Prak Oknha Tep Nimit Mak. The legend of Preah Ko Preah Keo is also represented by two sculptures in the temple grounds.

== Mural on the walls of the Wat ==
{{unsourced section|date=August 2023}}
On the walls of the temple cloister are paintings that tell the story of the [[Reamker]] from beginning to end.  This mural was painted in 1903-1904 by 40 classically-trained Cambodian artists under the direction of temple architect Oknha Tep Nimit. Starting from the eastern gallery on the south side and surrounding the entirety of the temple grounds, it extends 642 meters long and 3 meters high.  Visitors can interpret the story of the Reamker by circuambulating the outer galleries.  The ancient paintings around the Reamker gallery show the peculiarities that are not captured or completely copied from the Indian Ramayana because in Reamker the story seems to be somewhat inaccurate.  Today, these paintings are in a state of disrepair and are slowly disappearing due to weather and rock-eating germs, as well as human-caused vandalism.  In 1985, the Cambodian government collaborated with the Polish government on a project to protect and restore the paintings, but the program lasted only five years with an insufficient and limited budget which expired before substantial completiong. With a royal decree from His Majesty King [[Norodom Sihanouk]], in 2015, the project was revived with the cooperation of a group of foreign and Cambodian craftsmen, which has restored the original vibrancy and definition of the myriad figures, buildings, and vegetation depicted throughout. {{wide image|Silver Pagoda.jpg|600px|View of the Silver Pagoda complex|dir=rtl}}


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==


<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px">
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px">
File:Preah Keo Morakot.jpg|The Emerald Buddha of Cambodia
File:Cambodia Golden Maitreya Buddha.jpg|Golden Maitreya Buddha weighing 90 Kg and dressed with 9584 diamonds 1906-1907.<ref> Daniel Robinson, Tony Wheeler (1992) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Cambodia.html?id=WuC1wBJ0CJUC Cambodia: A Travel Survival Kit], Photographs by Daniel Robinson, Tony Wheeler, Publisher: Lonely Planet Publications p.126 {{ISBN|978-0-86442-174-6}}</ref>
File:Pagoda-Norodom-1904 Cambodia.jpg|The Silver Pagoda in 1904
File:Pagoda-Norodom-1904 Cambodia.jpg|The Silver Pagoda in 1904
File:2016 Phnom Penh, Pałac Królewski, Malowidła przedstawiające sceny z Reamker (37).jpg|Mural depicting stories of the [[Reamker]]
File:2016 Phnom Penh, Pałac Królewski, Malowidła przedstawiające sceny z Reamker (37).jpg|Mural depicting stories of the [[Reamker]] prior to the 2015 restoration.
File:Phnom Penh Wandgemälde 03.jpg|Portion of a 1903–1904 [[mural]] in Phnom Penh's Silver Pagoda
File:Phnom Penh Wandgemälde 03.jpg|Portion of a 1903–1904 [[mural]] in Phnom Penh's Silver Pagoda
File:Kinnari (Palais Royal, Phnom Penh) (6851650438).jpg|A decorative column figurine ([[Kinnara]])
File:Kinnari (Palais Royal, Phnom Penh) (6851650438).jpg|A decorative column figurine ([[Kinnara]])
File:Phnom Penh Stupa Suramarith Kossomak 01.jpg|Stupa of King [[Norodom Suramarit]]
File:Phnom Penh Stupa Suramarith Kossomak 01.jpg|Stupa of King [[Norodom Suramarit]]
File:Kanthabophastupa.JPG|Stupa Kantha Bopha
File:Kanthabophastupa.JPG|Stupa of [[Kantha Bopha]]
File:The Silver Pagoda in Phnom Penh (2).jpg|The Silver Pagoda in 2013
File:The Silver Pagoda in Phnom Penh (2).jpg|The Silver Pagoda in 2013
</gallery>
</gallery>
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== Literature ==
== Literature ==
*{{cite book | title=Museums Of Southeast Asia| last=Lenzi| first=Iola| date=2004| publisher=Archipelago Press| location=Singapore| isbn=981-4068-96-9| page=200 pages}}
* {{cite book | title=Museums Of Southeast Asia| last=Lenzi| first=Iola| date=2004| publisher=Archipelago Press| location=Singapore|isbn=981-4068-96-9| page=200 pages}}


{{Commons category|Silver pagoda, Phnom Penh}}
{{Commons category|Silver pagoda, Phnom Penh}}
{{Buddhism in Cambodia|state=collapsed}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Buddhism topics}}


Line 56: Line 65:
[[Category:Museums in Phnom Penh]]
[[Category:Museums in Phnom Penh]]
[[Category:19th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:19th-century Buddhist temples]]


{{Cambodia-struct-stub}}

Revision as of 14:49, 6 March 2024

Silver Pagoda
Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram
(Wat Preah Keo Morokot)
Temple of the Emerald Buddha
វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម
(វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត)
Religion
AffiliationTheravada Buddhism
Location
LocationSamdech Sothearos Blvd (3), Phnom Penh
CountryCambodia
Silver Pagoda is located in Cambodia
Silver Pagoda
Location in Cambodia
Geographic coordinates11°33′45″N 104°55′54″E / 11.56250°N 104.93167°E / 11.56250; 104.93167
Architecture
FounderKing Norodom
Completed19th century

The Silver Pagoda is located on the south side of the Royal Palace in Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh.[1] The official name is Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram (Khmer: វត្តឧបោសថរតនារាម), also known as Wat Preah Keo Morakot (Khmer: វត្តព្រះកែវមរកត, "Temple of the Emerald-Crystal Buddha") which is commonly shortened to Wat Preah Keo (Khmer: វត្តព្រះកែវ) in Khmer.

The vihara houses many national treasures including many golds and jeweled Buddha statues. The most significant are a small green crystal Buddha (the "Emerald Buddha" of Cambodia — some sources maintain it was made of Baccarat Crystal in the 17th century[2] but that's not possible since Baccarat Crystal didn't exist until the 18th century, and other sources indicate it was made in the 19th century by Lalique, a glass designer who lived in the 19th-20th century), and a life-sized gold Maitreya Buddha commissioned by King Sisowath, weighing 90 kg and dressed in royal regalia and set with 9584 diamonds,[3] the largest of which weighing 25 carats, created in the palace workshops during 1906 and 1907. After the Cambodian Civil War the gold Maitreya Buddha lost most of its two-thousand diamonds. During King Norodom Sihanouk's pre-Khmer Rouge reign, the Silver Pagoda was inlaid with more than 5,329 silver tiles and some of its outer facades was remodeled with Italian marble. However, only a small area of these tiles are available to be viewed by the public on entering the pagoda.

The wall that surrounds the structures is covered with murals of the Reamker painted in 1903-1904 by Cambodian artists directed by the architect of the Silver Pagoda Oknha Tep Nimit Mak.[4] The legend of Preah Ko Preah Keo is also represented by two statues.

It is a notable wat (Buddhist temple) in Phnom Penh; Its grounds being used for various national and royal ceremonies. The cremated remains of Norodom Sihanouk are interred in the stupa of Kantha Bopha located on the temple's compound.

History

Preah Keo Morakot temple does not have monks, so King Norodom Sihanouk went to live there during the construction of Preah Phnos for a year (on the 14th day of the second month of the year). On Kor Nopvasak, BE 2490 (July 31, 1947), he was ordained as a monk and took the Temple of Preah Keo Morakot as a place of dharma learning in the practice of the Buddhist Dharma daily. Due to the fact that Preah Keo Morakot Temple had a monarch as a monk, this temple was renamed Wat Ubaosoth Preah Chin Rangsey Reachea Norodom Ratanaram (ភាសាខ្មែរ: វត្តឧបោសថ ព្រះជិនរង្សីរាជានរោត្ដម រតនារ៉ាម), which translates to the Divine Dharma Pagoda of the Radiant Treasure of King Norodom. This temple is also called Preah Vihear Preah Keo Morakot after the enerald-colored statue of the Buddhist honored at the central altar. This temple is called Wat Prak (the Silver Pagods) by foreign tourists as the entirety of the floor is covered with 5329 pieces of silver tile. Altogether, the tablets weigh 1,125 kg. There are 1,650 artifacts on display in the temple, most of which are made of gold, silver, bronze and adorned with precious stones such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires and other precious stones. Most notable, the standing Maitreya Buddha statue is made of 90 kilograms of gold and contains 9584 diamonds, the largest of which is 25 carats. This palladium honors the shared history with the Lan Xang dynasty of Laos, with a form resembling that of the Phra Bang. Legend holds that this statue had been a gift from the Cambodian king to the Lao King Fa Ngum when the Thai king invaded Angkor (1352 - 1357) during the reign of King Suriyavong. The Maitreya Buddha was built in the palace workshops from 1906-1907 under the reign of King Sisowath of Cambodia. The walls surrounding the buildings are covered with Reamker paintings painted in 1903-1904 by a Cambodian artist led by the architect of Wat Prak Oknha Tep Nimit Mak. The legend of Preah Ko Preah Keo is also represented by two sculptures in the temple grounds.

Mural on the walls of the Wat

On the walls of the temple cloister are paintings that tell the story of the Reamker from beginning to end.  This mural was painted in 1903-1904 by 40 classically-trained Cambodian artists under the direction of temple architect Oknha Tep Nimit. Starting from the eastern gallery on the south side and surrounding the entirety of the temple grounds, it extends 642 meters long and 3 meters high.  Visitors can interpret the story of the Reamker by circuambulating the outer galleries.  The ancient paintings around the Reamker gallery show the peculiarities that are not captured or completely copied from the Indian Ramayana because in Reamker the story seems to be somewhat inaccurate.  Today, these paintings are in a state of disrepair and are slowly disappearing due to weather and rock-eating germs, as well as human-caused vandalism.  In 1985, the Cambodian government collaborated with the Polish government on a project to protect and restore the paintings, but the program lasted only five years with an insufficient and limited budget which expired before substantial completiong. With a royal decree from His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk, in 2015, the project was revived with the cooperation of a group of foreign and Cambodian craftsmen, which has restored the original vibrancy and definition of the myriad figures, buildings, and vegetation depicted throughout. 

View of the Silver Pagoda complex
  • The Emerald Buddha of Cambodia
    The Emerald Buddha of Cambodia
  • Golden Maitreya Buddha weighing 90 Kg and dressed with 9584 diamonds 1906-1907.[5]
    Golden Maitreya Buddha weighing 90 Kg and dressed with 9584 diamonds 1906-1907.[5]
  • The Silver Pagoda in 1904
    The Silver Pagoda in 1904
  • Mural depicting stories of the Reamker prior to the 2015 restoration.
    Mural depicting stories of the Reamker prior to the 2015 restoration.
  • Portion of a 1903–1904 mural in Phnom Penh's Silver Pagoda
    Portion of a 1903–1904 mural in Phnom Penh's Silver Pagoda
  • A decorative column figurine (Kinnara)
    A decorative column figurine (Kinnara)
  • Stupa of King Norodom Suramarit
    Stupa of King Norodom Suramarit
  • Stupa of Kantha Bopha
    Stupa of Kantha Bopha
  • The Silver Pagoda in 2013
    The Silver Pagoda in 2013

References

  1. ^ Brew, Melanie (2008-12-17). "I want to move to ... Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
  2. ^ Julio A. Jeldres (2003). From The Royal House of Cambodia. BRILL. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-9924-9078-5-5.
  3. ^ Penny Edwards (2008). From The Cultivation of a Nation, 1860-1945. BRILL. pp. 392–. ISBN 978-974-9511-39-8.
  4. ^ http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL71_0607.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  5. ^ Daniel Robinson, Tony Wheeler (1992) Cambodia: A Travel Survival Kit, Photographs by Daniel Robinson, Tony Wheeler, Publisher: Lonely Planet Publications p.126 ISBN 978-0-86442-174-6

Literature

  • Lenzi, Iola (2004). Museums Of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 200 pages. ISBN 981-4068-96-9.
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