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{{Short description|Chinese cardinal of the Catholic Church}}
{{hatnote group|{{family name hatnote|[[Yu (surname 于)|Yu]]|lang=Chinese}}{{baptismal name|Paul}}}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Paul Yü Pin
| name = Paul Yu Pin
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Paul Yu Pin 1947.jpg
| image = Paul Yu Pin 1947.jpg
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| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Vicar Apostolic of Nanking (1936–1946)|Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina (1936–1946)}}
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Vicar Apostolic of Nanking (1936–1946)|Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina (1936–1946)}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|4|13|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|4|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hailun]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Qing China]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|8|16|1901|4|13}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|8|16|1901|4|13}}
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
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| bishop 3 = [[Matthew Kia Yen-wen]]
| bishop 3 = [[Matthew Kia Yen-wen]]
| consecration date 3 = 16 July 1970
| consecration date 3 = 16 July 1970
| sources = <ref>{{cite web|title=Episcopal ordination of Bishop Paul Yu Pin|url=https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|date=15 January 2017|accessdate=31 January 2019|work=Société des Auxiliaires des Missions (SAM) China Photograph Collection|publisher=Whitworth University Library|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131132850/https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|archivedate=31 January 2019}}</ref>
| sources = <ref>{{cite journal|title=Episcopal ordination of Bishop Paul Yu Pin|url=https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|date=15 January 2017|access-date=31 January 2019|journal=Société des Auxiliaires des Missions (SAM) China Photograph Collection|publisher=Whitworth University Library|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131132850/https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|archive-date=31 January 2019|last1=Keymolen |first1=Fr. Michel }}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Paul Yü Pin
| cardinal name = Paul Yú Pin
| dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
| dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
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| image_size = 200px
| image_size = 200px
}}
}}
'''Cardinal Paul Yü Pin''' ({{zh|c=于斌|p=Yú Bīn}}; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]] from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1969.
'''Paul Yu Pin''' ({{zh|c=于斌|p=Yú Bīn}}; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a Chinese [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]] from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1969.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Paul Yü Pin (Yu Bin) was born in [[Hailun]], North East China, to Yu Shuiyuan ({{lang|zh|于水源}}) and Xiao Aimei. [[Orphan]]ed at age 7, he was [[Baptism|baptized]] in 1914 after encountering the [[missionary]] [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priests]] near [[Lansi]], where he lived with his grandfather.<ref name="mission">TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897553,00.html A Mission for the Archbishop] September 12, 1960</ref> Yu attended the provincial [[normal school]] in [[Heilongjiang]], the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora University]] in [[Shanghai]], and the [[seminary]] in Kirin before going to [[Rome]], where he studied at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University]] (earning his [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|doctorate in theology]]) and [[Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare|Pontifical Roman Athenaem ''S. Apollinare'']]. He also studied at the [[Royal University of Perugia|Royal University]] in [[Perugia]], from where he obtained a [[Doctorate|doctoral degree]] in [[politics]].
Paul Yu Pin (Yu Bin) was born in [[Hailun]], North East China, to Yu Shuiyuan ({{lang|zh|于水源}}) and Xiao Aimei. [[Orphan]]ed at age 7, he was [[Baptism|baptized]] in 1914 after encountering [[missionary]] priests near [[Lansi]], where he lived with his grandfather.<ref name="mission">TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008100805/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897553,00.html A Mission for the Archbishop] September 12, 1960</ref> Yu attended the provincial [[normal school]] in [[Heilongjiang]], the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora University]] in [[Shanghai]], and the [[seminary]] in Kirin before going to [[Rome]], where he studied at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University]] (earning his [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|doctorate in theology]]) and [[Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare|Pontifical Roman Athenaem ''S. Apollinare'']]. He also studied at the [[Royal University of Perugia|Royal University]] in [[Perugia]], from where he obtained a [[Doctorate|doctoral degree]] in [[politics]].


Yu was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop [[Giuseppe Palica]], and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to [[China]]. Upon his return, he was named National Director of [[Catholic Action]], [[secretary]] of the Chinese [[nunciature]], and [[Inspector General]] of [[Catholic school]]s in China.
Yu was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop [[Giuseppe Palica]], and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China. Upon his return, he was named National Director of [[Catholic Action]], [[secretary]] of the Chinese [[nunciature]], and [[Inspector General]] of [[Catholic school]]s in China.


On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]] [[Archdiocese of Nanking|of Nanking]] and [[Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina]] by [[Pope Pius XI]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following September 20 from Archbishop [[Mario Zanin (bishop)|Mario Zanin]], with Bishops [[Simon Tchu]], [[Society of Jesus|SJ]], and [[Paul Montaigne]], [[Lazarists|CM]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[Beijing]]. In 1937, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] took [[Nanjing|Nanking]] and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent [[World War II]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="mission"/> There he planned in 1943 to establish [[Employment agency|employment bureaus]], available to American [[teacher]]s, [[Physician|doctor]]s, and [[technician]]s, in China.<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884964,00.html Employment Available] June 7, 1943</ref> Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims|House Immigration Committee]] that allowed Chinese to [[Immigration|enter]] and become [[Citizenship|citizens]] of the United States under the [[Immigration Act of 1924|quota system]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851766,00.html 105 Chinese] June 14, 1943</ref> Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Archbishop]] when his vicariate was elevated as such by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 11 April 1946.
On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]] [[Archdiocese of Nanking|of Nanking]] and [[Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina]] by [[Pope Pius XI]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following September 20 from Archbishop [[Mario Zanin (bishop)|Mario Zanin]], with Bishops [[Simon Tchu]], [[Society of Jesus|SJ]], and [[Paul Montaigne]], [[Lazarists|CM]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[Beijing]]. In 1937, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] took [[Nanjing]] and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent [[World War II]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="mission"/> There he planned in 1943 to establish [[Employment agency|employment bureaus]], available to American [[teacher]]s, [[Physician|doctor]]s, and [[technician]]s, in China.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214185956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884964,00.html Employment Available] June 7, 1943</ref> Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims|House Immigration Committee]] that allowed Chinese to [[Immigration|enter]] and become [[Citizenship|citizens]] of the United States under the [[Immigration Act of 1924|quota system]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214182521/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851766,00.html 105 Chinese] June 14, 1943</ref> Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Archbishop]] when his vicariate was elevated as such by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 11 April 1946.


In 1949, the [[People's Republic of China|new Communist regime]] expelled him from his [[Diocese|see]], and he was yet again forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping [[Chinese American]]s and raising funds for [[refugee]]s from Communist China in [[Taiwan]], where he was made [[Rector (academia)|rector]] ''magnifico'' of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in 1961. He was one of Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-Shek]]'s closest advisors, and on the brink of McCarthyism, Archbishop Yü Pin made claims against Americans he thought were pro-Communist that turned out not to be true. <ref>{{cite book |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress, Volume 98, Part 5 |pages=6775 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=EOC_sdJH1HMC&q=yu+pin}}</ref>
In 1949, the [[People's Republic of China|new Communist regime]] expelled him from his [[Diocese|see]], and he was yet again forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping [[Chinese American]]s and raising funds for [[refugee]]s from Communist China in [[Taiwan]], where he was made [[Rector (academia)|rector]] ''magnifico'' of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in 1961. He was one of Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s closest advisors, and on the brink of McCarthyism, Archbishop Yü Pin made claims against Americans he thought were pro-Communist that turned out not to be true. <ref>{{cite book |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress, Volume 98, Part 5 |pages=6775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOC_sdJH1HMC&q=yu+pin|last1=Congress |first1=United States |year=1952 }}</ref>
Yu attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] from 1962 to 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html|title=Paul Cardinal Yü Pin [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> During the [[Second Vatican Council|Council]] then Bishop Yü Pin asked the Holy Father to address the issue of [[communism]], however the Council did not address communism or socialism.<blockquote>[[Communism]] is a militant atheism and a crude materialism. In a word, it is a compilation of all heresies, and it must be treated as such, if the truth is to be defended. [The Council] must dispel the confusion created by the doctrine of [[Peaceful coexistence|peaceful co-existence]], by the policy of the outstretched hand, and by Catholic communism, as it is called, all of which are stratagems calculated to assist communism and to create obscurity, doubt, or at least hesitation in the minds of Christians. In this matter the utmost clarity is now required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080833/http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-07-04|title=Chapter 3|date=2007-07-04|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref></blockquote>He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]'' by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 April 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on 5 August 1978, the Cardinal was named its [[Chancellor|Grand Chancellor]]. In 1976 he had become the first director of [[Dharma Realm Buddhist Association|Dharma Realm Buddhist University's]] Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).<ref>[http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp Dharma Realm Buddhist University] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731124218/http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp |date=2007-07-31 }}</ref>
Yü attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] from 1962 to 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html|title=Paul Cardinal Yü Pin [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> During the [[Second Vatican Council|Council]] he asked the Pope to address the issue of [[communism]]; however the Council did not address communism or socialism.<blockquote>[[Communism]] is a militant atheism and a crude materialism. In a word, it is a compilation of all heresies, and it must be treated as such, if the truth is to be defended. [The Council] must dispel the confusion created by the doctrine of [[Peaceful coexistence|peaceful co-existence]], by the policy of the outstretched hand, and by Catholic communism, as it is called, all of which are stratagems calculated to assist communism and to create obscurity, doubt, or at least hesitation in the minds of Christians. In this matter the utmost clarity is now required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080833/http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-07-04|title=Chapter 3|date=2007-07-04|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref></blockquote>
He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]] by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 April 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on 5 August 1978, he was named its [[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|Grand Chancellor]]. In 1976 he had become the first director of [[Dharma Realm Buddhist Association|Dharma Realm Buddhist University's]] Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731124218/http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp|url-status=dead|title=Dharma Realm Buddhist University|archive-date=July 31, 2007}}</ref>


He died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the [[Papal conclave, August 1978|conclave following]] [[Pope Paul VI]]'s death in August 1978.<ref name="Milestones">TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916356,00.html Milestones] August 28, 1978</ref> Yu is interred in a [[mausoleum]] on the campus of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in [[Xinzhuang District|Xinzhuang]], Taipei County, in Taiwan.
He died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the [[Papal conclave, August 1978|conclave following]] Pope Paul VI's death in August 1978.<ref name="Milestones">TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014133536/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916356,00.html Milestones] August 28, 1978</ref> Yu is interred in a [[mausoleum]] on the campus of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in [[Xinzhuang District|Xinzhuang]], Taipei County, in Taiwan.


<!-- See [[WP:TRIVIA]]. Some of this information could be incorporated elsewhere in the article.
==Trivia==
==Trivia==
*While studying in Rome, Yu received a doctorate in [[philosophy]] from the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum)|Angelicum]].<ref>Free Church for China. [http://www.freechurchforchina.org/testimony/cardinalyupin1.htm Cardinal Yu-Pin]</ref>
*While studying in Rome, Yu received a doctorate in [[philosophy]] from the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum)|Angelicum]].<ref>Free Church for China. [http://www.freechurchforchina.org/testimony/cardinalyupin1.htm Cardinal Yu-Pin]</ref>
*[[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] met with Bishop Yu in February 1944.<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774709,00.html The President's Week] February 21, 1944</ref>
*[[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] met with Bishop Yu in February 1944.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081215002617/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774709,00.html The President's Week] February 21, 1944</ref>
*He once sat on the [[All-China Interreligious Association]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851822,00.html Chungking Meeting] June 14, 1943</ref>
*He once sat on the [[All-China Interreligious Association]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214182432/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851822,00.html Chungking Meeting] June 14, 1943</ref>
*Yu was expected to have voted for a [[Conservatism|conservative]] candidate at the August 1978 conclave.<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916332,00.html In Rome, a Week off Suspense] August 28, 1978</ref>
*Yu was expected to have voted for a [[Conservatism|conservative]] candidate at the August 1978 conclave.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154054/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916332,00.html In Rome, a Week off Suspense] August 28, 1978</ref>
*The Cardinal, second from China, was {{height|ft=6|in=3|abbr=mos|out=cm}} tall.<ref name="Milestones"/>
*The Cardinal, second from China, was {{height|ft=6|in=3|abbr=mos|out=cm}} tall.<ref name="Milestones"/>
-->


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html Catholic-Hierarchy]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html Catholic-Hierarchy]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-y.htm#Yu Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-y.htm#Yu Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
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{{S-new|diocese}}
{{S-new|diocese}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]]}}
{{S-aft|after=''Francis Xavier Lu Xinping''<br /><small>(''de facto'' only; not recognized by the Holy See)</small>}}
{{S-aft|after=''Francis Xavier Lu Xinping''<br />(''de facto'' only; not recognized by the Holy See)}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{S-ttl|title=Cardinal-Priest of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]|years=1969–1978}}
{{S-ttl|title=Cardinal-Priest of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]|years=1969–1978}}
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{{Chinese cardinals}}
{{Chinese cardinals}}
{{Fu Jen Catholic University|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Catholicism}}
{{Portal bar|Catholicism}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu Pin, Paul}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu, Paul, Pin}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
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[[Category:Chinese Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Chinese Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]]
[[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in China]]
[[Category:Fu Jen Catholic University faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Fu Jen Catholic University]]
[[Category:Pontifical Urban University alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Urban University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]
[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]

Latest revision as of 11:49, 4 April 2024

In this Chinese name, the family name is Yu. The baptismal name is Paul.
His Eminence

Paul Yu Pin
Cardinal,
Archbishop of Nanking
ProvinceNanking
SeeNanking
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of Gesù Divin Lavoratore
Previous post(s)
  • Vicar Apostolic of Nanking (1936–1946)
  • Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina (1936–1946)
Orders
Ordination22 December 1928
by Giuseppe Palica
Consecration20 September 1936
by Mario Zanin
Created cardinal28 April 1969
by Pope Paul VI
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born(1901-04-13)April 13, 1901
Hailun, Heilongjiang, Qing China
DiedAugust 16, 1978(1978-08-16) (aged 77)
Rome, Italy
NationalityChinese
DenominationRoman Catholic
MottoRestaurare omnia in Christo
(English: To Restore all things in Christ)
Coat of armsPaul Yu Pin's coat of arms
Ordination history of
Paul Yu Pin
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byGiuseppe Palica
Date22 December 1928
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorMario Zanin
Co-consecratorsSimon Zhu Kaimin
Paul Léon Cornelius Montaigne
Date20 September 1936
PlaceChurch of the Saviour (Beitang), Beijing
Cardinalate
Elevated byPope Paul VI
Date28 April 1969
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Paul Yu Pin as principal consecrator
Philip Silvester Wang Tao-nan20 September 1942
Giuseppe Ferruccio Maurizio Rosà22 September 1946
Matthew Kia Yen-wen16 July 1970
Source(s):[1]
Styles of
Paul Yú Pin
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeNanking

Paul Yu Pin (Chinese: 于斌; pinyin: Yú Bīn; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a Chinese cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Nanking from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969.

Biography

[edit]

Paul Yu Pin (Yu Bin) was born in Hailun, North East China, to Yu Shuiyuan (于水源) and Xiao Aimei. Orphaned at age 7, he was baptized in 1914 after encountering missionary priests near Lansi, where he lived with his grandfather.[2] Yu attended the provincial normal school in Heilongjiang, the Jesuit Aurora University in Shanghai, and the seminary in Kirin before going to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Urbaniana University (earning his doctorate in theology) and Pontifical Roman Athenaem S. Apollinare. He also studied at the Royal University in Perugia, from where he obtained a doctoral degree in politics.

Yu was ordained to the priesthood on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop Giuseppe Palica, and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China. Upon his return, he was named National Director of Catholic Action, secretary of the Chinese nunciature, and Inspector General of Catholic schools in China.

On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed Apostolic Vicar of Nanking and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 20 from Archbishop Mario Zanin, with Bishops Simon Tchu, SJ, and Paul Montaigne, CM, serving as co-consecrators, in Beijing. In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army took Nanjing and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent World War II in the United States.[2] There he planned in 1943 to establish employment bureaus, available to American teachers, doctors, and technicians, in China.[3] Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the House Immigration Committee that allowed Chinese to enter and become citizens of the United States under the quota system.[4] Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a Metropolitan Archbishop when his vicariate was elevated as such by Pope Pius XII on 11 April 1946.

In 1949, the new Communist regime expelled him from his see, and he was yet again forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping Chinese Americans and raising funds for refugees from Communist China in Taiwan, where he was made rector magnifico of Fu Jen Catholic University in 1961. He was one of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's closest advisors, and on the brink of McCarthyism, Archbishop Yü Pin made claims against Americans he thought were pro-Communist that turned out not to be true. [5]

Yü attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.[6] During the Council he asked the Pope to address the issue of communism; however the Council did not address communism or socialism.

Communism is a militant atheism and a crude materialism. In a word, it is a compilation of all heresies, and it must be treated as such, if the truth is to be defended. [The Council] must dispel the confusion created by the doctrine of peaceful co-existence, by the policy of the outstretched hand, and by Catholic communism, as it is called, all of which are stratagems calculated to assist communism and to create obscurity, doubt, or at least hesitation in the minds of Christians. In this matter the utmost clarity is now required.[7]

He was created Cardinal Priest of Gesù Divin Lavoratore by Pope Paul VI in the consistory of 28 April 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on 5 August 1978, he was named its Grand Chancellor. In 1976 he had become the first director of Dharma Realm Buddhist University's Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).[8]

He died from a heart attack at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the conclave following Pope Paul VI's death in August 1978.[9] Yu is interred in a mausoleum on the campus of Fu Jen Catholic University in Xinzhuang, Taipei County, in Taiwan.


Further reading

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In European languages

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  • Paul Yu-Pin, Un Problème psychique international: appel aux hommes de bonne foi aux hommes de bonne volonté. Bruxelles: Éd. de la Cité chrétienne, 1937.
  • The Voice of the Church in China, 1931–1932, 1937-1938, by Archbishop Marius Zanin, Bishop Auguste Haouisée and Bishop Paul Yu-Pin; with a preface by Dom Pierre-Célestin Lou Tseng-Tsiang. London and New York: Longmans, Green and co., 1938.
  • Eyes East: Selected Pronouncements of the Most Reverend Paul Yu-Pin. Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1945.
  • Raymond De Jaegher, Vie de Mgr. Paul Yu Pin. Vietnam: Ed. du Pacifique libre, 1959.

References

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  1. ^ Keymolen, Fr. Michel (15 January 2017). "Episcopal ordination of Bishop Paul Yu Pin". Société des Auxiliaires des Missions (SAM) China Photograph Collection. Whitworth University Library. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b TIME Magazine. A Mission for the Archbishop September 12, 1960
  3. ^ TIME Magazine. Employment Available June 7, 1943
  4. ^ TIME Magazine. 105 Chinese June 14, 1943
  5. ^ Congress, United States (1952). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress, Volume 98, Part 5. p. 6775.
  6. ^ "Paul Cardinal Yü Pin [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  7. ^ "Chapter 3". 2007-07-04. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  8. ^ "Dharma Realm Buddhist University". Archived from the original on July 31, 2007.
  9. ^ TIME Magazine. Milestones August 28, 1978
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Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Vicar Apostolic of Nanking
1936–1946 		Elevated to diocese
New diocese Archbishop of Nanking Succeeded by
Francis Xavier Lu Xinping
(de facto only; not recognized by the Holy See)
New creation Cardinal-Priest of Gesù Divin Lavoratore
1969–1978 		Succeeded by
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina
1936–1946 		Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by President of Fu Jen Catholic University
1960–1978 		Succeeded by
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