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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{short description|National economy}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{multiple|
{{Update|date=February 2023}}
{{CIA}}
{{CIA}}
}}

{{Infobox economy
{{Infobox economy
|country = Chad
|country = Chad
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|growth = {{plainlist|
|growth = {{plainlist|
*−3.0% (2017) 2.6% (2018)
*−3.0% (2017) 2.6% (2018)
*3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) 5.5%&nbsp;(2020f)<ref name=" World Bank">{{cite web |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |title=Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges |page=147 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>}}
*3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) 5.5%&nbsp;(2020f)<ref name=" World Bank">{{cite web |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges |page=147 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>}}
|per capita = {{plainlist|
|per capita = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $885 (nominal, 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>
*{{increase}} $885 (nominal, 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>
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|gini =
|gini =
|hdi = {{plainlist|
|hdi = {{plainlist|
*{{steady}} 0.401 {{color|red|low}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|187th]])
*{{increase}} 0.394 {{color|red|low}} (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|189th]])
*0.250 [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}}
*{{increase}} 0.251 {{color|red|low}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>}}
|edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|182nd (below average, 2020)]]<ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/chad |title=Ease of Doing Business in Chad |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=23 January 2017 }}</ref>
|edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|182nd (below average, 2020)]]<ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/chad |title=Ease of Doing Business in Chad |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=23 January 2017 }}</ref>
|labor = 7.300&nbsp;million (2018)
|labor = 7.300&nbsp;million (2018)
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*{{flag|Japan}} 11.3%
*{{flag|Japan}} 11.3%
*{{flag|China}} 4.1%
*{{flag|China}} 4.1%
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|title=Export Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Export Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
|imports = $2.262&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
|imports = $2.262&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
|import-goods = machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, [[foodstuff]]s, textiles
|import-goods = machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, [[foodstuff]]s, textiles
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*{{flag|Belgium}} 5.7%
*{{flag|Belgium}} 5.7%
*{{flag|Italy}} 4.8%
*{{flag|Italy}} 4.8%
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|title=Import Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Import Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
|FDI = $567&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|FDI = $567&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|gross external debt = $3.569&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
|gross external debt = $3.569&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
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}}
}}


The '''economy of Chad''' suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, [[Chad]] benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[African Development Bank]], and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of lack of financing, the development of [[oil field]]s near [[Doba, Chad|Doba]], originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by [[ExxonMobil]]. in terms of GDP Chad ranks 143rd global.
The '''economy of Chad''' suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including livestock herding. Of Africa's Francophone countries, [[Chad]] benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[African Development Bank]], and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of [[Oil field|oil fields]] near [[Doba, Chad|Doba]], originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by [[ExxonMobil]]. Regarding [[gross domestic product]], Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.


==Agriculture==
==Agriculture==
{{main|Agriculture in Chad}}
Chad produced in 2018:
Chad produced in 2018:


* 987 thousand tons of [[sorghum]];
* 969 thousand tons of [[sorghum]];
* 893 thousand tons of [[peanut butter]];
* 893 thousand tons of [[peanut butter]];
* 756 thousand tons of [[millet]];
* 756 thousand tons of [[millet]];
Line 84: Line 87:
* 255 thousand tons of [[sweet potato]];
* 255 thousand tons of [[sweet potato]];
* 172 thousand tons of [[sesame seed]];
* 172 thousand tons of [[sesame seed]];
* 151 thousand tons of [[bean]];
* 151 thousand tons of [[Bean|beans]];
* 120 thousand tons of [[cotton]];
* 120 thousand tons of [[cotton]];


In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products. <ref> [http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Chad production in 2018, by FAO] </ref>
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products. <ref> [http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Chad production in 2018, by FAO] </ref>



==Macro-economic trend==
==Macro-economic trend==
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.
The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980–2017.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
!Year<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=37&pr.y=11&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=628&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|language=en-US|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref>
! Year
!1980
! GDP
!1985
(in bil. US$ PPP)
!1990
! GDP per capita
!1995
(in US$ PPP)
!2000
!GDP
!2005
(in bil. US$ nominal)
!2006
! GDP Growth<br />(real)
!2007
! Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP)
!2008
|-
!2009
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1980
!2010
| 1.90
!2011
| 433
!2012
|0.74
!2013
| −6.0%
!2014
| ...
!2015
|-
!2016
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1985
!2017
| 3.04
| 610
|0.98
| 7.9%
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1990
| 4.41
| 781
|1.83
| 3.2%
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 1995
| 5.77
| 874
|1.64
| −0.8%
| ...
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2000
| 7.12
| 952
|1.57
| −0.9%
| 68%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2005
| 16.09
| 1,781
|6.68
| 28.5%
| 28%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2006
| 16.69
| 1,802
|7.45
| 0.6%
| 26%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2007
| 17.70
| 1,864
|8.69
| 3.3%
| 22%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2008
| 18.60
| 1,911
|10.43
| 3.1%
| 20%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2009
| 19.51
| 1,956
|9.32
| 4.1%
| 32%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2010
| 22.44
| 2,195
|10.70
| 13.6%
| 30%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2011
| 22.93
| 2,188
|12.18
| 0.1%
| 31%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2012
| 25.41
| 2,366
|12.41
| 8.8%
| 29%
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2013
| 27.30
| 2,480
|12.99
| 5.8%
| 31%
|-
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2014
|GDP in $<br /><small>(PPP)</small>
|1.90 Bln.
| 29.71
| 2,633
|3.04 Bln.
|14.00
|4.41 Bln.
|5.77 Bln.
| 6.9%
| 42%
|7.12 Bln.
|16.09 Bln.
|16.69 Bln.
|17.70 Bln.
|18.60 Bln.
|19.51 Bln.
|22.44 Bln.
|22.93 Bln.
|25.41 Bln.
|27.30 Bln.
|29.71 Bln.
|30.56 Bln.
|28.96 Bln.
|28.55 Bln.
|-
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2015
|GDP per capita in $<br /><small>(PPP)</small>
| 30.56
|433
| 2,642
|610
|10.95
|781
| 1.8%
|874
| 44%
|952
|1,781
|1,802
|1,864
|1,911
|1,956
|2,195
|2,188
|2,366
|2,480
|2,633
|2,642
|2,443
|2,344
|-
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2016
|[[GDP Growth]]<br /><small>(real)</small>
|−6.0%
| 28.96
| 2,443
|7.9%
|3.2%
|10.20
|−0.8%
| −6.4%
|−0.9%
| 52%
|28.5%
|0.6%
|3.3%
|3.1%
|4.1%
|13.6%
|0.1%
|8.8%
|5.8%
|6.9%
|1.8%
|−6.4%
|−3.1%
|-
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | 2017
|[[Government debt]]<br /><small>(Percentage of GDP)</small>
|...
| 28.55
| 2,344
|...
|...
|10.08
|...
| −3.1%
|68%
| 53%
|28%
|26%
|22%
|20%
|32%
|30%
|31%
|29%
|31%
|42%
|44%
|52%
|53%
|}
|}


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'''Electricity – production by source:'''
'''Electricity – production by source:'''
<br>''fossil fuel:''
<br>''fossil fuel:''
98%
~98%
<br>''hydro:''
<br>''hydro:''
0%
0%
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0%
0%
<br>''other renewable:''
<br>''other renewable:''
3% (2017)
~3% (2017)


'''Electricity – consumption:'''
'''Electricity – consumption:'''

Latest revision as of 06:38, 5 April 2024

Economy of Chad
A tailor in Chad
CurrencyCentral African CFA franc (XAF)
Calendar year
Trade organisations
AU, AfCFTA, WTO
Statistics
GDP
  • Increase $11.051 billion (nominal, 2018 est.)[1]
  • Increase $30.507 billion (PPP, 2018 est.)[1]
GDP growth
  • −3.0% (2017) 2.6% (2018)
  • 3.0% (2019e) 5.5% (2020f)[2]
GDP per capita
  • Increase $885 (nominal, 2018 est.)[1]
  • Increase $2,442 (PPP, 2018 est.)[1]
GDP by sector
4.037% (2018 est.)[1]
Population below poverty line
66.2% (2019 est.)
  • Increase 0.394 low (2022)[3] (189th)
  • Increase 0.251 low IHDI (2021)[4]
Labour force
7.300 million (2018)
Labour force by occupation
agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing); industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
Main industries
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
External
Exports$1.695 billion (2018 est.)
Export goods
oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
Main export partners
Imports$2.262 billion (2018 est.)
Import goods
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Main import partners
FDI stock
$567 million (2019 est.)
$3.569 billion (2019 est.)
Public finances
Revenues$2.501 billion (2011 est.)
Expenses$3.482 billion (2011 est.)
Economic aid$238.3 million (recipient) note – $125 million committed by Taiwan (1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001)
$147.7 million (2019 est.)
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.


The economy of Chad suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including livestock herding. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by ExxonMobil. Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

Agriculture

[edit]
Main article: Agriculture in Chad

Chad produced in 2018:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products. [7]

Macro-economic trend

[edit]

The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980–2017.

Year GDP

(in bil. US$ PPP)

GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

GDP

(in bil. US$ nominal)

GDP Growth
(real) 		Government debt
(Percentage of GDP)
1980 1.90 433 0.74 −6.0% ...
1985 3.04 610 0.98 7.9% ...
1990 4.41 781 1.83 3.2% ...
1995 5.77 874 1.64 −0.8% ...
2000 7.12 952 1.57 −0.9% 68%
2005 16.09 1,781 6.68 28.5% 28%
2006 16.69 1,802 7.45 0.6% 26%
2007 17.70 1,864 8.69 3.3% 22%
2008 18.60 1,911 10.43 3.1% 20%
2009 19.51 1,956 9.32 4.1% 32%
2010 22.44 2,195 10.70 13.6% 30%
2011 22.93 2,188 12.18 0.1% 31%
2012 25.41 2,366 12.41 8.8% 29%
2013 27.30 2,480 12.99 5.8% 31%
2014 29.71 2,633 14.00 6.9% 42%
2015 30.56 2,642 10.95 1.8% 44%
2016 28.96 2,443 10.20 −6.4% 52%
2017 28.55 2,344 10.08 −3.1% 53%

Other statistics

[edit]

GDP: purchasing power parity – $28.62 billion (2017 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: -3.1% (2017 est.)

GDP – per capita: $2,300 (2017 est.)

Gross national saving: 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 52.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 14.7% (2017 est.)
services: 33.1% (2017 est.)

Population below poverty line:: 46.7% (2011 est.)

Distribution of family income – Gini index: 43.3 (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.9% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 5.654 million (2017 est.)

Labor force – by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2006 est.)

Budget:
revenues: 1.337 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 1.481 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: -4% (2017 est.)

electrification: total population: 4% (2013)

electrification: urban areas: 14% (2013)

electrification: rural areas: 1% (2013)

Electricity – production: 224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: ~98%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other renewable: ~3% (2017)

Electricity – consumption: 208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Agriculture – products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Exports: $2.464 billion (2017 est.)

Exports – commodities: oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

Exports – partners: US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)

Imports: $2.16 billion (2017 est.)

Imports – commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports – partners: China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)

Debt – external: $1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  2. ^ "Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges" (PDF). openknowledge.worldbank.org. World Bank. p. 147. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  3. ^ "Human Development Index (HDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  5. ^ "Export Partners of Chad". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  6. ^ "Import Partners of Chad". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  7. ^ Chad production in 2018, by FAO
General
[edit]
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