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{{Short description|Type of head injury}}
[[Image:Contrecoup.svg|right|thumb|240px|When the head strikes a fixed object, the coup injury occurs at the site of impact and the contrecoup injury occurs at the opposite side.]]
[[Image:Contrecoup.svg|right|thumb|240px|When the head strikes a fixed object, the coup injury occurs at the site of impact and the contrecoup injury occurs at the opposite side.]]
In [[head injury]], a '''coup injury''' occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a '''contrecoup injury''' occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit.<ref name=Poirier>{{cite journal|author=Poirier MP |year=2003 |url=|title=Concussions: Assessment, management, and recommendations for return to activity |journal=Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine |volume=4|issue=3|pages=179–185|doi=10.1016/S1522-8401(03)00061-2}}</ref> Coup and contrecoup injuries are associated with [[cerebral contusion]]s,<ref name="LuryK">
In [[head injury]], a '''coup injury''' occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a '''contrecoup injury''' occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit.<ref name=Poirier>{{cite journal|author=Poirier MP |year=2003 |title=Concussions: Assessment, management, and recommendations for return to activity |journal=Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine |volume=4|issue=3|pages=179–185|doi=10.1016/S1522-8401(03)00061-2}}</ref> Coup and contrecoup injuries are associated with [[cerebral contusion]]s,<ref name="LuryK">
{{cite journal |vauthors=Lury K, Castillo M|title=Lens dislocation: An unusual form of contrecoup injury |journal=American Journal of Roentgenology |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=250–251 |year=2004 |pmid=15208154 |doi=10.2214/ajr.183.1.1830250}}</ref> a type of [[traumatic brain injury]] in which the [[brain]] is [[bruise]]d. Coup and contrecoup injuries can occur individually or together. When a moving object impacts the stationary head, coup injuries are typical,<ref name="MorrisonAL">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morrison AL, King TM, Korell MA, Smialek JE, Troncoso JC|title=Acceleration-deceleration injuries to the brain in blunt force trauma |journal=American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=109–112 |year=1998 |pmid=9662103 |doi= 10.1097/00000433-199806000-00002}}</ref> while contrecoup injuries are produced when the moving head strikes a stationary object.<ref name=Poirier/>
{{cite journal |vauthors=Lury K, Castillo M|title=Lens dislocation: An unusual form of contrecoup injury |journal=American Journal of Roentgenology |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=250–251 |year=2004 |pmid=15208154 |doi=10.2214/ajr.183.1.1830250}}</ref> a type of [[traumatic brain injury]] in which the [[brain]] is [[bruise]]d. Coup and contrecoup injuries can occur individually or together. When a moving object impacts the stationary head, coup injuries are typical,<ref name="MorrisonAL">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morrison AL, King TM, Korell MA, Smialek JE, Troncoso JC|title=Acceleration-deceleration injuries to the brain in blunt force trauma |journal=American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=109–112 |year=1998 |pmid=9662103 |doi= 10.1097/00000433-199806000-00002}}</ref> while contrecoup injuries are produced when the moving head strikes a stationary object.<ref name=Poirier/>


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The exact mechanism for the injuries, especially contrecoup injuries, is a subject of much debate.<ref name="Shaw02">
The exact mechanism for the injuries, especially contrecoup injuries, is a subject of much debate.<ref name="Shaw02">
{{cite journal |author=Shaw NA |title=The neurophysiology of concussion |journal=Progress in Neurobiology |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=281–344 |year=2002 |pmid=12207973 |doi=10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00018-7 }}</ref> In general, they involve an abrupt deceleration of the head, causing the [[brain]] to collide with the inside of the [[human skull|skull]]. It is likely that [[inertia]] is involved in the injuries, e.g. when the brain keeps moving after the skull is stopped by a fixed object or when the brain remains still after the skull is accelerated by an impact with a moving object.<ref name="Shaw02"/> Additionally, increased [[intracranial pressure]] and movement of [[cerebrospinal fluid]] following a trauma may play a role in the injury.<ref name="Shaw02"/><ref name="mckee">{{cite journal|pmc=4694720|year=2015|last1=McKee|first1=A. C|title=The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury|volume=127|pages=45–66|last2=Daneshvar|first2=D. H|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0|pmid=25702209|isbn=9780444528926|series=Handbook of Clinical Neurology}}</ref>
{{cite journal |author=Shaw NA |title=The neurophysiology of concussion |journal=Progress in Neurobiology |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=281–344 |year=2002 |pmid=12207973 |doi=10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00018-7 |s2cid=46514293 }}</ref> In general, they involve an abrupt deceleration of the head, causing the [[brain]] to collide with the inside of the [[human skull|skull]]. It is likely that [[inertia]] is involved in the injuries, e.g. when the brain keeps moving after the skull is stopped by a fixed object or when the brain remains still after the skull is accelerated by an impact with a moving object.<ref name="Shaw02"/> Additionally, increased [[intracranial pressure]] and movement of [[cerebrospinal fluid]] following a trauma may play a role in the injury.<ref name="Shaw02"/><ref name="mckee">{{cite book|pmc=4694720|year=2015|last1=McKee|first1=A. C|title=Traumatic Brain Injury, Part I|volume=127|pages=45–66|last2=Daneshvar|first2=D. H|chapter=The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury |doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0|pmid=25702209|isbn=9780444528926|series=Handbook of Clinical Neurology}}</ref>


==Mechanisms==
==Mechanisms==
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==Features==
==Features==
⚫
Contrecoup, which may occur in [[shaken baby syndrome]] and vehicle accidents, can cause [[diffuse axonal injury]].<ref name="tbihtr">{{cite web |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tbi/detail_tbi.htm |title=Traumatic Brain Injury: Hope Through Research |author=NINDS |publisher=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |accessdate=2008-01-25 |archive-date=2016-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218205444/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tbi/detail_tbi.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In some circumstances, concussive injury can cause [[microvessel|microvascular]] disruption, [[hemorrhage]], or [[subdural hematoma]].<ref name=mckee/><ref name="li">{{cite journal|pmid=27855610|year=2017|last1=Li|first1=F|title=A Review on Injury Mechanism of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Vehicle Accidents|journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design|volume=23|issue=15|pages=2177–2192|last2=Li|first2=H|last3=Xiao|first3=Z|last4=Lu|first4=R|last5=Zhang|first5=Z|last6=Zhu|first6=H|last7=Ren|first7=L|doi=10.2174/1381612823666161118144829}}</ref>
Contrecoup, which may occur in [[shaken baby syndrome]] and vehicle accidents, can cause [[diffuse axonal injury]].<ref name="tbihtr">
{{cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tbi/detail_tbi.htm |title=Traumatic Brain Injury: Hope Through Research|author=NINDS | publisher= National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |accessdate=2008-01-25
⚫
}}</ref> In some circumstances, concussive injury can cause [[microvessel|microvascular]] disruption, [[hemorrhage]], or [[subdural hematoma]].<ref name=mckee/><ref name="li">{{cite journal|pmid=27855610|year=2017|last1=Li|first1=F|title=A Review on Injury Mechanism of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Vehicle Accidents|journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design|volume=23|issue=15|pages=2177–2192|last2=Li|first2=H|last3=Xiao|first3=Z|last4=Lu|first4=R|last5=Zhang|first5=Z|last6=Zhu|first6=H|last7=Ren|first7=L|doi=10.2174/1381612823666161118144829}}</ref>


Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles.<ref name=mckee/><ref name=li/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Physiology of Behavior|last=Carlson|first=Neil|last2=Birkett|first2=Melissa|publisher=Pearson|year=2017|isbn=978-0-13-431927-8|pages=494–495}}</ref> Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury.<ref name=en/> The [[visual system]] may be affected.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=25231523|year=2014|last1=Ventura|first1=R. E|title=The neuro-ophthalmology of head trauma|journal=The Lancet Neurology|volume=13|issue=10|pages=1006–16|last2=Balcer|first2=L. J|last3=Galetta|first3=S. L|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70111-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=26444405|year=2015|last1=Ventura|first1=R. E|title=The Concussion Toolbox: The Role of Vision in the Assessment of Concussion|journal=Seminars in Neurology|volume=35|issue=5|pages=599–606|last2=Balcer|first2=L. J|last3=Galetta|first3=S. L|doi=10.1055/s-0035-1563567}}</ref>
Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles.<ref name=mckee/><ref name=li/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Physiology of Behavior|last1=Carlson|first1=Neil|last2=Birkett|first2=Melissa|publisher=Pearson|year=2017|isbn=978-0-13-431927-8|pages=494–495}}</ref> Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury.<ref name=en/> The [[visual system]] may be affected.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=25231523|year=2014|last1=Ventura|first1=R. E|title=The neuro-ophthalmology of head trauma|journal=The Lancet Neurology|volume=13|issue=10|pages=1006–16|last2=Balcer|first2=L. J|last3=Galetta|first3=S. L|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70111-5|s2cid=14736729}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=26444405|year=2015|last1=Ventura|first1=R. E|title=The Concussion Toolbox: The Role of Vision in the Assessment of Concussion|journal=Seminars in Neurology|volume=35|issue=5|pages=599–606|last2=Balcer|first2=L. J|last3=Galetta|first3=S. L|doi=10.1055/s-0035-1563567}}</ref>


Contrecoup contusions are particularly common in the lower part of the [[frontal lobe]]s and the front part of the [[temporal lobe]]s.<ref name="Hardman02"/> Injuries that occur in body parts other than the brain, such as the [[Lens (anatomy)|lens of the eye]],<ref name="LuryK"/> the lung,<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=23816003|year=2013|last1=Oyetunji|first1=T. A|title=Associated injuries in traumatic sternal fractures: A review of the National Trauma Data Bank|journal=The American Surgeon|volume=79|issue=7|pages=702–5|last2=Jackson|first2=H. T|last3=Obirieze|first3=A. C|last4=Moore|first4=D|last5=Branche|first5=M. J|last6=Greene|first6=W. R|last7=Cornwell Ee|first7=3rd|last8=Siram|first8=S. M}}</ref> and the skull<ref name="Gennarelli04">{{cite book |vauthors=Gennarelli GA, Graham DI |chapter=Neuropathology |veditors=Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC |title=Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2005 |page= 29| isbn=1-58562-105-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=2008-06-10 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3CuM6MviwMAC&pg=PA47&dq=neurotrauma
Contrecoup contusions are particularly common in the lower part of the [[frontal lobe]]s and the front part of the [[temporal lobe]]s.<ref name="Hardman02"/> Injuries that occur in body parts other than the brain, such as the [[Lens (anatomy)|lens of the eye]],<ref name="LuryK"/> the lung,<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=23816003|year=2013|last1=Oyetunji|first1=T. A|title=Associated injuries in traumatic sternal fractures: A review of the National Trauma Data Bank|journal=The American Surgeon|volume=79|issue=7|pages=702–5|last2=Jackson|first2=H. T|last3=Obirieze|first3=A. C|last4=Moore|first4=D|last5=Branche|first5=M. J|last6=Greene|first6=W. R|last7=Cornwell Ee|first7=3rd|last8=Siram|first8=S. M|doi=10.1177/000313481307900714|s2cid=30029379|doi-access=free}}</ref> and the skull<ref name="Gennarelli04">{{cite book |vauthors=Gennarelli GA, Graham DI |chapter=Neuropathology |veditors=Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC |title=Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2005 |page= 29| isbn=1-58562-105-6 |accessdate=2008-06-10 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3CuM6MviwMAC&q=neurotrauma&pg=PA47
}}</ref> may also result from concussion.
}}</ref> may also result from concussion.


==History==
==History==
In the 17th century, [[Jean Louis Petit]] described contrecoup injuries.<ref name="Masferrer">{{cite journal|vauthors=Masferrer R, Masferrer M, Prendergast V, Harrington TR |year=2000 |url=http://www.thebarrow.org/Education_And_Resources/Barrow_Quarterly/205077 |title=Grading Scale for Cerebral Concussions |journal=BNI Quarterly |volume=16 |issue=1 |publisher=Barrow Neurological Institute |issn=0894-5799}}</ref> In 1766, the French surgeon [[Antoine Louis]] coordinated a meeting of the ''[[Académie Royale de Chirurgie]]'' on contrecoup injuries, at which papers were to be presented, one of which would be chosen to receive the respected prize, the ''Prix de l'Académie Royale de Chirurgie''. The presenter of the chosen paper was not awarded the prize because he failed to make recommended changes. In 1768, the group met again on the topic, and [[Louis Sebastian Saucerotte]] won the prize for his paper describing contrecoup injuries in humans and [[animal experimentation|experiments on animals]] and recommending treatments such as [[bloodletting]] and application of [[herb]]s to patients' heads.<ref name="FingerS">{{cite book |author=Finger S |year=2001 |title=Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |pages=429–430 |isbn=0-19-514694-8 |oclc=471656884 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GMeW9E1IB4C&pg=PA429&lpg=PA429&dq=antoine+louis+contrecoup}}</ref>
In the 17th century, [[Jean Louis Petit]] described contrecoup injuries.<ref name="Masferrer">{{cite journal |vauthors=Masferrer R, Masferrer M, Prendergast V, Harrington TR |year=2000 |url=http://www.thebarrow.org/Education_And_Resources/Barrow_Quarterly/205077 |title=Grading Scale for Cerebral Concussions |journal=BNI Quarterly |volume=16 |issue=1 |publisher=Barrow Neurological Institute |issn=0894-5799 |access-date=2014-08-22 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307234744/https://www.barrowneuro.org/Education_And_Resources/Barrow_Quarterly/205077 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1766, the French surgeon [[Antoine Louis]] coordinated a meeting of the ''[[Académie Royale de Chirurgie]]'' on contrecoup injuries, at which papers were to be presented, one of which would be chosen to receive the respected prize, the ''Prix de l'Académie Royale de Chirurgie''. The presenter of the chosen paper was not awarded the prize because he failed to make recommended changes. In 1768, the group met again on the topic, and [[Louis Sebastian Saucerotte]] won the prize for his paper describing contrecoup injuries in humans and [[animal experimentation|experiments on animals]] and recommending treatments such as [[bloodletting]] and application of [[herb]]s to patients' heads.<ref name="FingerS">{{cite book |author=Finger S |year=2001 |title=Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |pages=429–430 |isbn=0-19-514694-8 |oclc=471656884 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GMeW9E1IB4C&q=antoine+louis+contrecoup&pg=PA429}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
* In the [[Perry Mason (TV series)|Perry Mason TV series]], contrecoup lacerations were used as evidence in at least two episodes, including "The Case of the Jaded Joker" (1959)<ref>[https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=perry-mason-1957&episode=s02e18 Transcript]</ref> and "The Case of the Bluffing Blast" (1963).<ref>[https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=perry-mason-1957&episode=s06e14 Transcript]</ref><ref>[https://www.wnyc.org/story/phantom-limb-phenomena/ Archive of "The Next Big Thing" radio, Jan. 13, 2005], Perry Mason clip played at 23:43 and 28:25.</ref>
* In the [[Perry Mason (1957 TV series)|Perry Mason TV series]], contrecoup lacerations were used as evidence in at least two episodes, including "The Case of the Jaded Joker" (1959)<ref>[https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=perry-mason-1957&episode=s02e18 Transcript]</ref> and "The Case of the Bluffing Blast" (1963).<ref>[https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=perry-mason-1957&episode=s06e14 Transcript]</ref><ref>[https://www.wnyc.org/story/phantom-limb-phenomena/ Archive of "The Next Big Thing" radio, Jan. 13, 2005], Perry Mason clip played at 23:43 and 28:25.</ref>
* In "[[Hawkeye (M*A*S*H)|Hawkeye]]", an episode of ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'', Captain [[Hawkeye Pierce]] diagnoses himself as having a contrecoup injury.
* In "[[Hawkeye (M*A*S*H)|Hawkeye]]", an episode of ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'', Captain [[Hawkeye Pierce]], M.D. diagnoses himself as having a contrecoup injury.
* In "[[Meld (Star Trek: Voyager)|Meld]]", an episode of ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', the ship's [[The Doctor (Star Trek)|doctor]] is able to use the distinction between coup injury and contrecoup injury to determine that a dead crewman was murdered.
* In "[[Meld (Star Trek: Voyager)|Meld]]", an episode of ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', the ship's [[The Doctor (Star Trek)|doctor]] is able to use the distinction between coup injury and contrecoup injury to determine that a dead crewman was murdered.
* "Contrecoup" is the title of a [[They Might Be Giants]] song off their 2007 album ''[[The Else]]''. It was written as a challenge to create a song using the words "contrecoup", "craniosophic", and [[Limerence|"limerent"]].
* "Contrecoup" is the title of a [[They Might Be Giants]] song off their 2007 album ''[[The Else]]''. It was written as a challenge to create a song using the words "contrecoup", "[[wikt:craniosophic|craniosophic]]", and "[[Limerence|limerent]]", and likens an infatuation to the effects of a traumatic brain injury.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Liu |first=Jonathan H. |title=Save the Words! |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/08/save-the-words/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
* In Stephen King's novel [[Duma Key]], the main character has brain damage from a contrecoup injury (spelled "contracoup").
* In Stephen King's novel [[Duma Key]], the main character has brain damage from a contrecoup injury (spelled "contracoup").
*The distinction between coup and contrecoup injuries is described and portrayed in "Betrayal - Part 2", episode 202 of the BBC television drama series "[[List of Silent Witness episodes|Silent Witness]]" (2019).


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 21:27, 6 April 2024

When the head strikes a fixed object, the coup injury occurs at the site of impact and the contrecoup injury occurs at the opposite side.

In head injury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit.[1] Coup and contrecoup injuries are associated with cerebral contusions,[2] a type of traumatic brain injury in which the brain is bruised. Coup and contrecoup injuries can occur individually or together. When a moving object impacts the stationary head, coup injuries are typical,[3] while contrecoup injuries are produced when the moving head strikes a stationary object.[1]

Coup and contrecoup injuries are considered focal brain injuries – those that occur in a particular spot in the brain – as opposed to diffuse injuries, which occur over a more widespread area.[4] Diffuse axonal injury is the most prevalent pathology of coup contrecoup.[5]

The exact mechanism for the injuries, especially contrecoup injuries, is a subject of much debate.[6] In general, they involve an abrupt deceleration of the head, causing the brain to collide with the inside of the skull. It is likely that inertia is involved in the injuries, e.g. when the brain keeps moving after the skull is stopped by a fixed object or when the brain remains still after the skull is accelerated by an impact with a moving object.[6] Additionally, increased intracranial pressure and movement of cerebrospinal fluid following a trauma may play a role in the injury.[6][7]

Mechanisms

[edit]
Coup contrecoup injury.

Coup injury may be caused when, during an impact, the brain undergoes linear acceleration and deceleration forces or rotational forces, causing it to collide with the opposite side of the skull.[7] The injuries can also be caused solely by acceleration or deceleration in the absence of an impact.[7] Contrecoup injury may be produced by tensile forces.[8] These forces directly disrupt neurons, axons, other neural and meningeal structures, and blood vessels in local or diffuse patterns, typically leading to various cellular, neurochemical and metabolic effects.[7]

Features

[edit]

Contrecoup, which may occur in shaken baby syndrome and vehicle accidents, can cause diffuse axonal injury.[9] In some circumstances, concussive injury can cause microvascular disruption, hemorrhage, or subdural hematoma.[7][10]

Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles.[7][10][11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury.[5] The visual system may be affected.[12][13]

Contrecoup contusions are particularly common in the lower part of the frontal lobes and the front part of the temporal lobes.[4] Injuries that occur in body parts other than the brain, such as the lens of the eye,[2] the lung,[14] and the skull[15] may also result from concussion.

History

[edit]

In the 17th century, Jean Louis Petit described contrecoup injuries.[16] In 1766, the French surgeon Antoine Louis coordinated a meeting of the Académie Royale de Chirurgie on contrecoup injuries, at which papers were to be presented, one of which would be chosen to receive the respected prize, the Prix de l'Académie Royale de Chirurgie. The presenter of the chosen paper was not awarded the prize because he failed to make recommended changes. In 1768, the group met again on the topic, and Louis Sebastian Saucerotte won the prize for his paper describing contrecoup injuries in humans and experiments on animals and recommending treatments such as bloodletting and application of herbs to patients' heads.[17]

[edit]
  • In the Perry Mason TV series, contrecoup lacerations were used as evidence in at least two episodes, including "The Case of the Jaded Joker" (1959)[18] and "The Case of the Bluffing Blast" (1963).[19][20]
  • In "Hawkeye", an episode of M*A*S*H, Captain Hawkeye Pierce, M.D. diagnoses himself as having a contrecoup injury.
  • In "Meld", an episode of Star Trek: Voyager, the ship's doctor is able to use the distinction between coup injury and contrecoup injury to determine that a dead crewman was murdered.
  • "Contrecoup" is the title of a They Might Be Giants song off their 2007 album The Else. It was written as a challenge to create a song using the words "contrecoup", "craniosophic", and "limerent", and likens an infatuation to the effects of a traumatic brain injury.[21]
  • In Stephen King's novel Duma Key, the main character has brain damage from a contrecoup injury (spelled "contracoup").
  • The distinction between coup and contrecoup injuries is described and portrayed in "Betrayal - Part 2", episode 202 of the BBC television drama series "Silent Witness" (2019).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Poirier MP (2003). "Concussions: Assessment, management, and recommendations for return to activity". Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 4 (3): 179–185. doi:10.1016/S1522-8401(03)00061-2.
  2. ^ a b Lury K, Castillo M (2004). "Lens dislocation: An unusual form of contrecoup injury". American Journal of Roentgenology. 183 (1): 250–251. doi:10.2214/ajr.183.1.1830250. PMID 15208154.
  3. ^ Morrison AL, King TM, Korell MA, Smialek JE, Troncoso JC (1998). "Acceleration-deceleration injuries to the brain in blunt force trauma". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 19 (2): 109–112. doi:10.1097/00000433-199806000-00002. PMID 9662103.
  4. ^ a b Hardman JM, Manoukian A (2002). "Pathology of head trauma". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 12 (2): 175–187, vii. doi:10.1016/S1052-5149(02)00009-6. PMID 12391630.
  5. ^ a b Johnson, V. E; Stewart, W; Smith, D. H (2012). "Axonal Pathology in Traumatic Brain Injury". Experimental Neurology. 246: 35–43. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.013. PMC 3979341. PMID 22285252.
  6. ^ a b c Shaw NA (2002). "The neurophysiology of concussion". Progress in Neurobiology. 67 (4): 281–344. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00018-7. PMID 12207973. S2CID 46514293.
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  11. ^ Carlson, Neil; Birkett, Melissa (2017). Physiology of Behavior. Pearson. pp. 494–495. ISBN 978-0-13-431927-8.
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  18. ^ Transcript
  19. ^ Transcript
  20. ^ Archive of "The Next Big Thing" radio, Jan. 13, 2005, Perry Mason clip played at 23:43 and 28:25.
  21. ^ Liu, Jonathan H. "Save the Words!". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of contrecoup at Wiktionary
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