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{{short description|Electronic gambling device for wagering on previously-held horse races.}}
[[File:Instant racing.jpg|thumb]]
'''Historical horse racing''' (HHR), originally known as '''Instant Racing''', is an electronic gambling product that allows players to bet on replays of [[Horse racing|horse races]] or [[Dog racing|dog races]] that have already been run, using terminals that typically resemble [[slot machines]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bgdailynews.com/news/kentucky-downs-kicks-off-instant-racing/article_264ec04a-fd72-5506-8462-45852253d045.html?mode=jqm | title=Kentucky Downs kicks off instant racing | work=The Daily News | date=March 16, 2012 | access-date=2014-06-14 | author=Robyn L. Minor}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/money/2014/02/20/instant-racing-opponents-can-continue-fighting-slot-like-game-kentucky-supreme-court-says/5638625/ | title=Instant Racing opponents can continue fight, but ruling removes some arguments | newspaper=The Courier Journal | date=February 20, 2014 | access-date=2014-06-14 | author=Gregory A. Hall}}</ref>
'''Instant Racing''', also known as '''Historical Horse Racing''', is simply a horse race that was previously run at a licensed U.S. pari-mutuel facility, and that concluded with official results. Historic Horse Racing uses only historic races that have ten (10) horses running, and that concluded without scratches, disqualifications, or dead-heat finishes. Furthermore, historical races are used for Historic Horse Racing only if RaceTech is able to obtain a video of a race, as well as the Daily Racing Form handicapping information available for the race on the day it was run.<ref>RaceTech, 2013</ref>


The primary providers of historical racing machines are Exacta Systems (a subsidiary of [[Churchill Downs, Inc.]]), PariMax (a division of the [[Stronach Group]]), and [[Ainsworth Gaming Technology]].<ref>{{cite report|title=Examination of Historical Horse Racing Machines|publisher=Casino Consultants Consortium|date=September 2021|url=https://cdn.kobi5.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Examination-of-HHRs-Sept-16-2021.pdf?x98333|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>
<big>'''History'''</big>


==Gameplay==
⚫
The idea of historical race wagering was conceived by Eric Jackson, general manager of Oaklawn Park. He brought the idea to three major companies in January 1997, but found no takers. Later in the year, he met with Ted Mudge, president of [http://AmTote AmTote], who liked the idea and asked Jackson to present it to experts at a February 1998 racing industry gathering in Maryland. The project gathered momentum from there.<ref>{{cite news|title=Plan took shape in room on island|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|date=January 15, 2000|author=Harry King|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw1f019od&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] took steps in 1999 to authorize Instant Racing by removing the requirement that simulcast races be shown live.<ref>{{cite web|title=Act 10 of 1999|publisher=Arkansas General Assembly|date=February 2, 1999|url=http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/1999/R/Acts/Act10.pdf|accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> A test deployment was launched in January 2000 at Oaklawn Park and Southland Greyhound Park, with 50 machines at each track.<ref>{{cite news|title=Track unveils new machines|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|author=Harry King|date=January 14, 2000|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw1e0182w&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> The machines proved popular and Jackson reported that as many as a dozen other tracks were pursuing approval to install the machines within two months of the test.<ref>{{cite news|title=New version of machines is on the way|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|author=Harry King|date=March 28, 2000|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw3s06mh9&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref>
In the earliest incarnations of Instant Racing machines, gameplay begins when a player deposits his wager, and a race is randomly selected from a video library of over 60,000 previous races.<ref name=bojarski>{{cite news|title=Gone in an instant|newspaper=Hoof Beats|author=Tom Bojarski|date=July 7, 2011|url=http://xwebapp.ustrotting.com/absolutenm/templates/hoofbeats_blog.aspx?articleid=43406&zoneid=75|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033134/http://xwebapp.ustrotting.com/absolutenm/templates/hoofbeats_blog.aspx?articleid=43406&zoneid=75|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 4, 2016|access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref><ref name=franklin>{{cite web|title=Kentucky Horse Racing Commission v. The Family Foundation of Kentucky, No. 10-CI-01154 (Franklin Cir. Ct., Div. II, Dec. 29, 2010)|url=http://media.kentucky.com/smedia/2010/12/29/15/fixedinstantracing.source.prod_affiliate.79.pdf|page=9|access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref> Identifying information such as the location and date of the race, and the names of the horses and jockeys, is not shown.<ref name=franklin /><ref name=courierpress>{{cite web|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2014/feb/26/ellis-park-selling-portion-its-instant-racing-mach/|title=Ellis might ship off some of its Instant Racing machines|author=Chuck Stinnett|publisher=Evansville Courier & Press|date=February 26, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The player is able to view "Skill Graph" charts from the [[Daily Racing Form]],<ref name=bojarski/> showing information such as the jockeys' and trainers' winning percentages.<ref name=patton>{{cite news|title=On eve of instant racing's debut, Ky. Downs hopes for big payoff|newspaper=Lexington Herald-Leader|author=Janet Patton|date=September 1, 2011|url=http://www.kentucky.com/2011/09/01/1864295/on-eve-of-instant-racings-debut.html|access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref> Based on this [[handicapping]] information, the player picks the projected order of finish.<ref name=bojarski/> Most players use the "handi helper", or "auto-cap" feature, which allows the machine to automatically make the selections on the player's behalf.<ref name=patton/><ref>{{cite news|title=Charities want 'historic horse racing' machines at NH casinos|newspaper=New Hampshire Union Leader|author=Dave Solomon|date=May 25, 2019|url=https://www.unionleader.com/news/politics/state/charities-want-historic-horse-racing-machines-at-nh-casinos/article_af744eef-dd59-5e5a-bb5b-a3e9611609c3.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>


Payouts are based on traditional [[pari-mutuel]] processes.<ref name=courierpress/> The player's wager is divvied up into several "betting pools" for different winning possibilities, such as picking the winner of the race, picking the top three finishers in exact order, or any of the three selections finishing first and second.<ref name=oag>{{cite report|title=OAG 10-001: Instant Racing|publisher=Kentucky Office of the Attorney General|date=January 5, 2010|url=http://ag.ky.gov/civil/opinions/2010/oag10001.doc|pages=2–4|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604192350/http://ag.ky.gov/civil/opinions/2010/OAG10001.doc|archivedate=2013-06-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> The machine then shows a replay of all or a portion of the race. If the player achieved a particular type of "win", he receives the money from that pool, while the money in each of the other pools continues to accumulate until another bettor wins it.<ref name=oag/>
<big>'''Description'''</big>
[[File:Instant racing photo.jpg|thumb|right]]


Early versions of Instant Racing terminals closely resembled self-serve wagering terminals.<ref name=patton/> Later terminals began to mimic slot machines, with symbols on spinning reels corresponding to the results of the player's wager, and the video of the race occupying only a 2-inch square in the corner of the display.<ref name=patton/> Some versions show a computer-animated re-enactment of the race rather than a video.<ref>{{cite news|title=Horse racing returns as gaming parlors open in Virginia|newspaper=Associated Press|author=Emma Gauthier|date=April 11, 2019|url=https://www.apnews.com/06cb5934c7fd459c8f8e1077119e8263|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>
Instant Racing is conducted through the use of self-service totalizator ("tote") terminals. The terminals used for Instant Racing operates on the same basic principle as traditional self-service tote terminals used presently at U.S. racetracks. The patron places a wager to a central tote system (Amtote). The central tote system keeps track of all wagers placed into a given pari-mutuel pool, calculates the amount of takeout permitted to be deducted and calculates the payout for winning wagers. In additional to traditional tote functions, Instant Racing permits the patron to also watch the race (or a portion thereof) and view the official race results on the terminal. The Instant Racing tote then displays the results of the patrons wager using entertaining video and/or mechanical displays.


==History==
The only substantive difference between Instant Racing and traditional pari-mutuel wagering on horse races is that in Instant Racing, the patron wagers on a previously run race. Each Instant Racing tote terminal is connected to a central server that stores digital images of previous run horse races. Each horse race on the server is an actual horse race that was conducted by a licensed U.S. pari-mutuel facility, and that concluded with official results. Each horse race on the server has exactly ten (10) separate wagering interests.<ref>RaceTech, 2013</ref>
⚫
The idea of historical race wagering was conceived by Eric Jackson, general manager of [[Oaklawn Park]]. He brought the idea to three major companies in January 1997, but found no takers. Later in the year, he met with Ted Mudge, president of [[AmTote]], who liked the idea and asked Jackson to present it to experts at a February 1998 racing industry gathering in Maryland. The project gathered momentum from there.<ref>{{cite news|title=Plan took shape in room on island|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|date=January 15, 2000|author=Harry King|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw1f019od&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] took steps in 1999 to authorize Instant Racing by removing the requirement that simulcast races be shown live.<ref>{{cite web|title=Act 10 of 1999|publisher=Arkansas General Assembly|date=February 2, 1999|url=http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/1999/R/Acts/Act10.pdf|access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref> A test deployment was launched in January 2000 at Oaklawn Park and [[Southland Greyhound Park]], with 50 machines at each track.<ref>{{cite news|title=Track unveils new machines|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|author=Harry King|date=January 14, 2000|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw1e0182w&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> The machines proved popular and Jackson reported that as many as a dozen other tracks were pursuing approval to install the machines within two months of the test.<ref>{{cite news|title=New version of machines is on the way|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|author=Harry King|date=March 28, 2000|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020010803dw3s06mh9&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref>


==By state==
Instant Racing is pari-mutuel wagering as all the money is pooled though the payout is more like a "Pick 6" pool than an individual race where the odds are determined by how much money is bet of each horse. With a Pick 6 the pot keeps growing until someone hits the winning combination. So it is with Instant Racing. Every historic race in the system has its own pool for each wagering choice--win, place, show, exacta or trifecta, for example. If you bet $1 to win on a race, your wager goes into the win pool for that race. If you lose, the pool grows by $1. If you win, you get the payout of all the other losing bets. <ref>Eric Mitchell, The Bloodhorse, March, 2014</ref>
===Alabama===
Historical horse racing machines are in operation at three former greyhound racing tracks in Alabama, [[Birmingham Race Course|Birmingham Race Course Casino]], [[GreeneTrack|Greene County Entertainment]], and [[Victoryland]].<ref name=thornton>{{cite news|title=Birmingham Race Course places a bet on the past -- historical horse racing|work=The Birmingham News|author=William Thornton|date=October 8, 2019|url=https://www.al.com/business/2019/10/birmingham-race-course-places-a-bet-on-the-past-historical-horse-racing.html|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Birmingham Race Course Casino|url=https://www.birminghamracecourse.com/|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref><ref name=moon>{{cite news|title=No electronic bingo, no problem for VictoryLand|work=Alabama Political Reporter|date=June 15, 2023|author=Josh Moon|url=https://www.alreporter.com/2023/06/15/no-electronic-bingo-no-problem-for-victoryland/|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>


The state attorney general opined in 2001 and 2008 that HHR machines could be legal under existing parimutuel wagering laws.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alabama AG weighs in on historical horse racing machines at Birmingham Race Course|work=The Birmingham News|author=William Thornton|date=October 10, 2019|url=https://www.al.com/business/2019/10/alabama-ag-weighs-in-on-historical-horse-racing-machines-at-birmingham-race-course.html|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion 2001-114|publisher=Office of the Attorney General|date=March 13, 2001|url=https://www.alabamaag.gov/Documents/opin/2001-114.pdf|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion 2009-020|publisher=Office of the Attorney General|date=December 5, 2008|url=https://www.alabamaag.gov/Documents/opin/2009-020.pdf|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref> HHR machines were first installed in 2019 at Birmingham Race Course.<ref name=thornton /> They came into broader use after unfavorable court rulings forced the removal of [[electronic bingo]] machines at some facilities, arriving in 2022 at the Greene County track,<ref>{{cite news|title=Greenetrack will reopen tonight|work=Alabama Today|date=October 7, 2022|author=Brandon Moseley|url=https://altoday.com/archives/47640-greenetrack-will-reopen-tonight|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=GreeneTrack closes its doors, dozens of employees laid off|work=Alabama Political Reporter|date=February 1, 2023|author=Josh Moon|url=https://www.alreporter.com/2023/02/01/greenetrack-closes-its-doors-dozens-of-employees-laid-off/|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref> and then in 2023 at Victoryland.<ref name=moon /><ref>{{cite news|title=Victoryland Casino lays off several hundred after Alabama Supreme Court shuts down electronic bingo|work=The Birmingham News|author=Mike Cason|date=January 30, 2023|url=https://www.al.com/news/2023/01/victoryland-casino-lays-off-several-hundred-after-alabama-supreme-court-shuts-down-electronic-bingo.html|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref>
<big>'''Gameplay'''</big>


⚫
===Idaho===
Gameplay begins when a patron deposits his wager, and a race is randomly selected from a video library of over 200,000 previous races. Identifying information such as the location and date of the race, and the names of the horses and jockeys is not shown. The patron is able to view pie charts (provided by Daily Racing Form) that shows information such as the average earnings and number of races won by the trainer for example. Based on the handicapping information provided, the patron selects the projected top three runners in order of finish. Patrons have the option of selecting "Handi-Helper", a feature which allows the terminal to make the selections on the patrons behalf.
The [[Idaho Legislature]] legalized Instant Racing in 2013,<ref>{{cite news|title=Some Idaho lawmakers feeling gamed over Greyhound Park 'Instant Racing'|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review|location=Spokane, WA|author=Betsy Z. Russell|date=March 21, 2014|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/mar/21/some-idaho-lawmakers-feeling-gamed-over-greyhound/|access-date=2014-06-18}}</ref> and machines were soon installed at [[Les Bois Park]], [[Greyhound Park (Idaho)|Greyhound Park]], and the Double Down Bar & Grill in [[Idaho Falls]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Saddled with questions|newspaper=The Coeur d' Alene Press|author=Jeff Selle|date=December 28, 2014|url=http://www.cdapress.com/news/local_news/article_ca7fa766-2794-56fe-aacf-3224c5dbf3e9.html|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> State legislators then enacted a ban on the machines in early 2015, claiming they had been misled about the game's nature,<ref>{{cite news|title=Idaho instant horse racing ban awaits Otter's signature|newspaper=KTVB-TV|location=Boise, ID|author=Justin Corr|date=March 26, 2015|url=http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/capitol-watch/2015/03/26/instant-horse-racing-governor-desk/70511272/|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> but the ban was [[veto]]ed by Governor [[Butch Otter]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Coeur d'Alene Tribe takes betting machine battle to court|newspaper=The Coeur d' Alene Press|agency=AP|date=June 4, 2015|url=http://www.cdapress.com/news/idaho_news/article_329b5f47-af54-514e-87e9-650ed7e8a28f.html|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> However, the [[Coeur d'Alene people|Coeur d'Alene Tribe]], which operates a casino that competes with the racetracks, successfully sued to invalidate Otter's veto, and the ban went into effect in September 2015, resulting in the shutdown of the state's historical racing parlors.<ref>{{cite news|title=Idaho Supreme Court rejects Otter veto; 'instant racing' machines banned|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review|location=Spokane, WA|author=Betsy Z. Russell|date=September 11, 2015|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/sep/11/idaho-supreme-court-rejects-otter-veto-instant/|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Track officials 'devastated' by ban on horse racing machines|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|agency=AP|author=Kimberlee Kruesi|date=September 11, 2015|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/travel/sns-bc-id--instant-racing-illegal-20150911-story.html|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> A ballot initiative to re-legalize the machines, [[Idaho Proposition 1 (2018)|Proposition 1]], was rejected by voters in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Idaho blocks historical horse racing measure|newspaper=Idaho Statesman|author1=Cynthia Sewell|author2=Audrey Dutton|date=November 6, 2018|url=https://www.idahostatesman.com/latest-news/article221232440.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>


===Kansas===
The patron can win in one of several different ways, such as: 1) the patron's selections correctly match the first three finishers in exact order; 2) the patron's top two selections correctly match the first two finishers in any order; 3) any of the patron's three selections correctly match the first two in any order; 4) the patron's top selection wins the race. The payout amount varies for the different types of wins depending upon how difficult it is to win in that particular manner. This is similar to traditional pari-mutuel wagering, where the trifecta has a higher payout than the exacta because it is more difficult to pick.<ref>RaceTech 2013</ref>
Kansas legislators enacted a historical racing law in 2022, authorizing one license for a facility in the [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] area with up to 1,000 machines.<ref>{{cite news|title=Three developers compete to provide historical horse race betting in Sedgwick County|work=The Wichita Eagle|author=Matthew Kelly|date=March 2, 2023|url=https://www.kansas.com/news/business/article272641418.html|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas Statutes § 74-8843|url=http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/statute/074_000_0000_chapter/074_088_0000_article/074_088_0043_section/074_088_0043_k/|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref> The license was granted to the proposed Golden Circle project, to open at the former [[Wichita Greyhound Park]] in [[Park City, Kansas|Park City]] in 2024 or 2025.<ref>{{cite news|title=Park City to see changes after license approved for historic horse racing facility|work=KSN-TV|date=July 13, 2023|author=Malley Jones|url=https://www.ksn.com/news/local/park-city-to-see-changes-after-license-approved-for-historic-horse-racing-facility/|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>


⚫
===Kentucky===
The [[Kentucky Horse Racing Commission]] modified its definition of parimutuel wagering in July 2010 to allow Instant Racing, and at the same time asked a court to review whether the change was legal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ky. begins move toward betting on re-shown races|newspaper=USA Today|agency=AP|author=Will Graves|date=July 20, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/horses/2010-07-20-3307050355_x.htm|access-date=2013-10-06}}</ref> The court approved the changes and anti-gambling activists appealed the decision.<ref>{{cite news|title=Judge OKs plan to bet on re-shown races in Kentucky|newspaper=Evansville Courier & Press|agency=AP|date=December 29, 2010|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2010/dec/29/judge-oks-plan-bet-re-shown-races-kentucky/|access-date=2013-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kentucky Downs kicks off instant racing|newspaper=Bowling Green Daily News|author=Robyn L. Minor|date=September 2, 2011|url=http://www.bgdailynews.com/news/kentucky-downs-kicks-off-instant-racing/article_264ec04a-fd72-5506-8462-45852253d045.html?TNNoMobile|access-date=2013-10-06}}</ref> The anti-gambling activists' appeal reached the [[Kentucky Supreme Court]], which ruled in February 2014 that the Horse Racing Commission could authorize parimutuel wagering on historical races, but [[Remand (court procedure)|remanded]] the case for further proceedings to determine whether the terminals meet the definition of parimutuel wagering.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kentucky Supreme Court says instant racing can be regulated, doesn't rule on legality|newspaper=Lexington Herald-Leader|author=Janet Patton|date=February 20, 2014|url=http://www.kentucky.com/2014/02/20/3099342_kentucky-supreme-court-sends-instant.html?rh=1|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite court|litigants=Appalachian Racing LLC v. Family Trust Foundation of Kentucky Inc.|date=2014|court=Ky.|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ky-supreme-court/1658602.html|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> In 2020, the Supreme Court finally ruled that at least the Exacta Systems product was not parimutuel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Setback for historical racing in Kentucky Supreme Court|work=The Blood-Horse|author=Frank Angst|date=September 24, 2020|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/243685/setback-for-historical-racing-in-kentucky-supreme-court|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref> The next year, however, state legislators updated the definition of parimutuel wagering to explicitly allow historical horse racing, citing its importance to the state's racing industry.<ref>{{cite news|title=HHR bill signed into law by Kentucky governor|work=The Blood-Horse|date=February 22, 2021|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/246343/hhr-bill-signed-into-law-by-kentucky-governor|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref>


Even while the legal fight unfolded, [[Kentucky Downs]] installed Instant Racing terminals in September 2011, [[Ellis Park Race Course|Ellis Park]] followed suit a year later,<ref>{{cite news|title=Geary's dream of Instant Racing machines coming to life today at Ellis Park|newspaper=Evansville Courier & Press|author=Chuck Stinnett|date=August 31, 2012|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2012/aug/31/instant-racing-machines-gearys-dream-coming-to/|access-date=2013-10-06}}</ref> and the [[The Red Mile|Red Mile]] opened a historical racing parlor in partnership with [[Keeneland]] in September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Red Mile's new gambling parlor opens; officials hope it will save the track|newspaper=Lexington Herald-Leader|author=Janet Patton|date=September 17, 2015|url=http://www.kentucky.com/2015/09/17/4041816_red-miles-new-gambling-facility.html?rh=1|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> [[Derby City Gaming]], a standalone historical racing parlor, opened in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Churchill Downs unveils $65M Derby City Gaming|work=Louisville Business First|author=Marty Finley|date=September 13, 2018|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/news/2018/09/13/first-look-churchill-downs-unveils-60m-derby-city.html|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref> As of 2021, development was underway on a historical racing parlor at [[Turfway Park]] and on a second Derby City Gaming location.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turfway Park: Construction on Northern Kentucky's horse racing track begins after a delay|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|author=Julia Fair|date=March 17, 2021|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2021/03/18/turfway-park-construction-break-ground-nky-track-after-delay/4708651001/|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Derby City Gaming expanding to downtown Louisville|work=The Lane Report|date=September 30, 2021|url=https://www.lanereport.com/147058/2021/09/derby-city-gaming-expanding-to-downtown-louisville/|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref>
<big>'''Current Locations'''</big>


===Louisiana===
'''Arkansas'''
In 2021, Louisiana lawmakers authorized historical racing at [[off-track betting]] parlors, with up to 50 machines per location.<ref>{{cite news|title=Historical horse racing bill awaits Louisiana governor's signature; HHR also OK'ed in New Hampshire|work=Paulick Report|date=June 10, 2021|url=https://paulickreport.com/news/the-biz/historical-horse-racing-bill-awaits-louisiana-governors-signature-hhr-also-oked-in-new-hampshire/|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Governor John Bel Edwards signs another 28 bills into law from the 2021 Legislative Session|work=KTVE-TV|author=Jenn Hensley|date=June 22, 2021|url=https://www.myarklamiss.com/louisiana-news/governor-john-bel-edwards-signs-another-28-bills-into-law-from-the-2021-legislative-session/|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref>


===Nebraska===
Instant Racing was developed at Oaklawn Park in response to a 40% decline in revenue from live racing and simulcasting--neighboring states added casinos and/or slot machines. Instant Racing (RaceTech, the company started by Oaklawn to manage Instant Racing) was designed to assist Oaklawn Park and the thoroughbred racing industry.<ref>Ray Paulick, The Paulick Report, November 2010</ref>
Nebraska has seen several attempts to legalize the machines. The [[Nebraska Legislature]] voted to authorize the machines in 2012, but the bill was vetoed by Governor [[Dave Heineman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Governor vetoes historical horse racing bill |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star|author=JoAnne Young|date=April 9, 2012|url=https://journalstar.com/news/local/governor-vetoes-historical-horse-racing-bill/article_f98118ad-0d21-5834-ba2b-81c2cd357c61.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> The legislature then approved a state constitutional amendment in 2014 to allow historical racing, but it was struck from the ballot by the [[Nebraska Supreme Court]] based on a technicality.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nebraska Supreme Court tosses betting on historic horse races off the Nov. 4 ballot |newspaper=Omaha World-Herald|author=Paul Hammel|date=September 5, 2014|url=https://www.omaha.com/news/nebraska/nebraska-supreme-court-tosses-betting-on-historic-horse-races-off/article_e31cf626-3504-11e4-a445-001a4bcf6878.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> The state racing commission attempted in 2018 to approve the machines, but backed off after Attorney General [[Doug Peterson (Nebraska politician)|Doug Peterson]] argued that the move was unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite news|title=Racing Commission puts off vote on adding 'historical' horse race machines at Fonner Park|newspaper=Omaha World-Herald|author=Steve Liewer|date=January 17, 2019|url=https://www.omaha.com/news/nebraska/racing-commission-puts-off-vote-on-adding-historical-horse-race/article_32e9d54c-5b28-5dfe-be9f-cd26255c47f1.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>


===New Hampshire===
In 2021, New Hampshire legalized historic horse racing machines at charitable gaming facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=New Hampshire authorizes historical horse racing in the state|work=WBZ-AM|date=June 10, 2021|url=https://wbznewsradio.iheart.com/content/new-hampshire-authorizes-historical-horse-racing-in-the-state/|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref> By 2023, machines were up and running at eight locations.<ref name=gochhr>{{cite report|title=Games of Chance & Historic Horse Racing Market Trends Report|publisher=New Hampshire Lottery Commission|date=June 2023|page=5|url=https://www.compliance.lottery.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt686/files/inline-documents/sonh/market-trends-june-2023.pdf|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref> The largest operation in the state, [[Seabrook Greyhound Park|The Brook]], has 505 machines and accounts for 41% of the state's HHR revenue.<ref name=gochhr /><ref>{{cite news|title=Gambling for Good|work=New Hampshire Magazine|date=February 15, 2023|author=Lynne Snierson|url=https://www.nhmagazine.com/gambling-for-good/|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>


===Oregon===
Fast forward 14 years: As the chief developer and marketer of Instant Racing, Oaklawn Park announced that it will have its richest stakes schedule in track history. The Grade 2 Rebel Stakes will have a purse of $750,000 in 2015, up from $150,000 in 2014. Over 31 stakes will be offered in 2015 (up from 19 in 2014). Purses for stake races at Oaklawn have increased over 2 million dollars in the past 7 years at the Hot Springs, Arkansas track. <ref>Jennie Rees, Louisville Courier-Journal, July 2014</ref> Instant Racing has drastically improved the quality of racing at Oaklawn while creating hundreds of jobs and additional revenue for the state.
The Oregon Racing Commission approved Instant Racing machines at the state's racetracks in April 2003.<ref>{{cite news|title=Instant racing to start at area racetracks|newspaper=Associated Press Newswires|date=April 24, 2003|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=aprs000020030424dz4o00rh2&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> Twenty units were installed at [[Multnomah Greyhound Park]] the next month. The terminals were moved to [[Portland Meadows]] in October.<ref name=mapes>{{cite news|title=Owner of Portland, Ore., racetracks scratches race-based video games|newspaper=The Oregonian|author=Jeff Mapes|date=November 25, 2003|url=http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=KRTPO00020031126dzbp0008d&cat=a&ep=ASE}} {{subscription required|via=Factiva}}</ref> They were removed in November 2003 at the direction of the tracks' parent company, [[Magna Entertainment]].<ref name=mapes /> The Commission in 2006 approved a request from Magna to bring the game back to Portland Meadows,<ref>{{cite web|title=Minutes, September 21, 2006|publisher=Oregon Racing Commission|url=http://www.oregon.gov/Racing/docs/minutes/2006_minutes/06mn0921.pdf|page=21|access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref> but then reversed itself a year later under pressure from Attorney General [[Hardy Myers]], who believed the machines to be illegal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Magna considering future of live racing at Portland Meadows|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=August 10, 2007|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/08/06/daily48.html|access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Has horse racing run its course?|newspaper=The Oregonian|author=Janie Har|date=October 6, 2007|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:ORGB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11C2D62560E81280&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D6884C8DA6CD5B5}} {{subscription required|via=NewsBank}}</ref>


The state enacted a new law legalizing Instant Racing in June 2013,<ref>{{cite news|title=Struggling Portland Meadows battles to overcome the odds|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|author=Adam Worcester|date=July 12, 2013|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/print-edition/2013/07/12/struggling-portland-meadows-battles-to.html?page=all|access-date=2013-09-23}}</ref> and the game was relaunched at Portland Meadows in February 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=And they're off: Portland Meadows fans can now wager on old races|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|author=Andy Giegerich|date=February 11, 2015|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/morning_call/2015/02/and-theyre-off-portland-meadows-fans-can-now-wager.html|access-date=2015-10-04}}</ref> Portland Meadows closed in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shuttered Portland Meadows demolished|work=The Blood-Horse|date=February 19, 2020|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/238611/shuttered-portland-meadows-demolished|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref>
⚫
'''Kentucky'''


Another horse track, Grants Pass Downs, sought to open a historical racing parlor with 225 machines. Their application was denied after the state Department of Justice determined that the latest generation of machines were games of chance rather than parimutuel betting, and therefore would violate the state constitution's prohibitions against casinos and private lotteries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Racing Commission reluctantly complies with DOJ on Flying Lark's HHR application|work=KTVL-TV|author=Christina Giardinelli|date=February 17, 2022|url=https://ktvl.com/news/local/racing-commission-reluctantly-complies-with-doj-on-flying-larks-hhr-application|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref>
The Kentucky Horse Racing Commission authorized Historical Horse Racing in July of 2010 and in September of 2011, Kentucky Downs in Franklin, Kentucky installed Historical Horse Racing terminals. Ellis Park in Henderson, Kentucky installed Historical Horse Racing terminals in August of 2012. The Red Mile and Keeneland in Lexington, Kentucky will be installing Historical Horse Racing terminals in 2015 and 2015 respectively.


===Texas===
From September 2011 to January 2014, nearly $600 million was wagered on Historical Horse Racing in Kentucky. During this time frame, purses were increased by $5.1 million dollars. Horse racing entities benefitting from the revenue of Historical Horse Racing include The Kentucky Breeders Incentive Fund, The Kentucky Thoroughbred Development Fund, Equine Industry Program, the Higher Education Fund and funds for equine drug research. <ref>Frank Angst, The Bloodhorse, February 2014</ref> Along with generating additional revenue for the state of Kentucky, hundreds of jobs have been created at Kentucky Downs and Ellis Park.
The Texas Racing Commission adopted rules in August 2014 to allow historical wagering at the state's horse and dog tracks.<ref>{{cite news|title=State officials approve historical racing in Texas|newspaper=Fort Worth Star-Telegram|author=Anna M. Tinsley|date=August 29, 2014|url=http://www.star-telegram.com/2014/08/29/6077655/state-officials-approve-historical.html|access-date=2014-11-05}}</ref> However, in November 2014, a judge struck down the new rules, finding that historical wagering was a new type of wagering not authorized by existing statutes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Judge strikes down state plans for "historical racing"|newspaper=Texas Tribune|author=Aman Batheja|date=November 10, 2014|url=http://www.texastribune.org/2014/11/10/judge-strikes-down-state-plans-historical-racing/|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Annual Report 2015|publisher=Texas Racing Commission|date=February 1, 2016|page=17|url=http://www.txrc.texas.gov/agency/reports/AnnualRpt/AnnualReport2015.pdf|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref> The decision was appealed, but the Commission, under strong pressure from state legislators, repealed the historical wagering rules before the appeal could be decided.<ref>{{cite news|title=Texas Racing Commission sets Texas horse racing on path to the glue factory|newspaper=Dallas Observer|author=Stephen Young|date=February 18, 2016|url=http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/dallas-cowboys-day-2-draft-preview-10631232|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref>

The 2014 Kentucky Downs September meet will feature record purses of 1 million dollars for each race card (5 total days) due in large part, from pari-mutuel wagering on Historical Horse Racing.<ref>Frank Angst, The Bloodhorse, June 2014</ref> Ellis Park experienced a record handle in June of 2014 by handling more than $3.1 million dollars in pari-mutuel wagering on Historical Horse Racing. <ref>Tom LaMarra, The Bloodhorse, July 2014</ref>

⚫
'''Wyoming'''

In 2003,the Governor signed into law a Bill making Instant Racing a legal form of pari-mutuel wagering in Wyoming. Historical Horse Racing terminals have been distributed throughout the state in several off-track betting parlors and at Wyoming Downs, creating hundreds of new jobs while generating additional revenue for the state. The Wyoming horse racing industry is already seeing benefits and Historical Horse Racing has spurred a renewed interest in the sport. <ref>RaceTech 2013</ref>

⚫
'''Idaho'''

Idaho legalized Instant Racing in 2013, and the terminals are in operation currently in 2014 at Les Bois Park (Boise, Greyhound Park (Coeur d'Alene) and Sandy Downs (Idaho Falls). <ref>RaceTech 2013</ref>


===Virginia===
Virginia enacted a law to allow historical wagering in April 2018, in an effort to make it economically viable to reopen the state's only horse track, [[Colonial Downs]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Northam signs legislation aimed at reopening Colonial Downs, ordering 'reasonable limitations on the proliferation of gaming in Virginia'|newspaper=Richmond Times-Dispatch|author=Michael Martz|date=April 9, 2018|url=http://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/government-politics/general-assembly/northam-signs-legislation-aimed-at-reopening-colonial-downs-ordering-reasonable/article_6de9b63f-2a89-5b65-a7c0-bd4fc31e63da.html|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref> The racetrack's historical racing parlor opened in April 2019, with additional machines to follow at several off-track betting parlors around the state, branded as [[Rosie's Gaming Emporium]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Local officials, gaming fans welcome Rosie's to New Kent|newspaper=The Virginia Gazette|author=Rodrigo Arriaza|date=April 23, 2019|url=https://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-tr-rosies-opening-0424-story.html|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Second Rosie's Gaming Emporium opens in advance of racing's return to Colonial Downs|publisher=Colonial Downs Group|date=May 9, 2019|url=https://www.paulickreport.com/news/the-biz/second-rosies-gaming-emporium-opens-in-advance-of-racings-return-to-colonial-downs/|via=Paulick Report|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>


⚫
===Wyoming===
Instant Racing machines were installed at Wyoming's four off-track betting parlors beginning in July 2003,<ref>{{cite news|title=Poised for a comeback|newspaper=Wyoming Tribune-Eagle|author=Jennifer Frazer|date=October 25, 2005|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:WTEB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10FD79C4DE915899&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D6884C8DA6CD5B5}} {{subscription required|via=NewsBank}}</ref> after approval of the Wyoming Pari-Mutuel Commission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minutes of the July 11, 2003 meeting|publisher=Wyoming Pari-Mutuel Commission|url=http://parimutuel.state.wy.us/PDF/CommMinutes/05-19-03.pdf|access-date=2013-10-05|page=2}}</ref> The machines' legality was soon called into question by the state Attorney General, and they were removed in 2005 following a court ruling.<ref>{{cite news|title=Businesses pull race machines|newspaper=Billings Gazette|date=July 15, 2005|url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming/businesses-pull-race-machines/article_89dde7e7-252b-58b6-8880-339db77f8b18.html|access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref> The [[Wyoming Supreme Court]] ultimately ruled them illegal in 2006, calling the game "a slot machine that attempts to mimic traditional pari-mutuel wagering".<ref>{{cite news|title=Wyoming Supreme Court rules against 'instant racing' machines|newspaper=Billings Gazette|agency=AP|author=Ben Neary|date=May 3, 2006|url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming/wyoming-supreme-court-rules-against-instant-racing-machines/article_cd932253-57ec-5c73-a480-de990857a8f9.html|access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Wyoming Legislature|state legislature]] re-legalized Instant Racing.<ref>{{cite news|title=New law jump-starts horce racing at Wyoming Downs|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|author=Steve Luhm|date=March 9, 2013|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/sports/55975045-77/racing-wyoming-joyce-race.html.csp|access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref> By December 2016, machines were in operation at 14 betting parlors across the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wyoming's historic horse racing industry saw slow, steady recovery this year|newspaper=Wyoming Tribune Eagle|author=James Chilton|date=December 15, 2016|url=http://www.wyomingnews.com/news/wyoming-s-historic-horse-racing-industry-saw-slow-steady-recovery/article_11717aba-c293-11e6-92da-63ce2248b044.html|access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.amtote.com/content/instant-racing|AmTote - Instant Racing}}
*{{official website|http://www.parimax.com|PariMax}}
*[http://www.exactasystems.com/ Exacta Systems]



[[Category:Gaming devices]]
[[Category:Gaming devices]]
[[Category:Sports betting]]
[[Category:Sports betting]]
[[Category:Horse racing controversies]]
[[Category:Horse racing in the United States]]
[[Category:Horse racing in the United States]]
[[Category:Horse-related video games]]
[[Category:Video games about horses]]
[[Category:2000 introductions]]
[[Category:Games and sports introduced in 2000]]
[[Category:Greyhound racing]]
[[Category:Greyhound racing]]
<gallery>
<gallery>

Latest revision as of 00:49, 11 April 2024

Historical horse racing (HHR), originally known as Instant Racing, is an electronic gambling product that allows players to bet on replays of horse races or dog races that have already been run, using terminals that typically resemble slot machines.[1][2]

The primary providers of historical racing machines are Exacta Systems (a subsidiary of Churchill Downs, Inc.), PariMax (a division of the Stronach Group), and Ainsworth Gaming Technology.[3]

Gameplay

[edit]

In the earliest incarnations of Instant Racing machines, gameplay begins when a player deposits his wager, and a race is randomly selected from a video library of over 60,000 previous races.[4][5] Identifying information such as the location and date of the race, and the names of the horses and jockeys, is not shown.[5][6] The player is able to view "Skill Graph" charts from the Daily Racing Form,[4] showing information such as the jockeys' and trainers' winning percentages.[7] Based on this handicapping information, the player picks the projected order of finish.[4] Most players use the "handi helper", or "auto-cap" feature, which allows the machine to automatically make the selections on the player's behalf.[7][8]

Payouts are based on traditional pari-mutuel processes.[6] The player's wager is divvied up into several "betting pools" for different winning possibilities, such as picking the winner of the race, picking the top three finishers in exact order, or any of the three selections finishing first and second.[9] The machine then shows a replay of all or a portion of the race. If the player achieved a particular type of "win", he receives the money from that pool, while the money in each of the other pools continues to accumulate until another bettor wins it.[9]

Early versions of Instant Racing terminals closely resembled self-serve wagering terminals.[7] Later terminals began to mimic slot machines, with symbols on spinning reels corresponding to the results of the player's wager, and the video of the race occupying only a 2-inch square in the corner of the display.[7] Some versions show a computer-animated re-enactment of the race rather than a video.[10]

History

[edit]

The idea of historical race wagering was conceived by Eric Jackson, general manager of Oaklawn Park. He brought the idea to three major companies in January 1997, but found no takers. Later in the year, he met with Ted Mudge, president of AmTote, who liked the idea and asked Jackson to present it to experts at a February 1998 racing industry gathering in Maryland. The project gathered momentum from there.[11] The Arkansas General Assembly took steps in 1999 to authorize Instant Racing by removing the requirement that simulcast races be shown live.[12] A test deployment was launched in January 2000 at Oaklawn Park and Southland Greyhound Park, with 50 machines at each track.[13] The machines proved popular and Jackson reported that as many as a dozen other tracks were pursuing approval to install the machines within two months of the test.[14]

By state

[edit]

Alabama

[edit]

Historical horse racing machines are in operation at three former greyhound racing tracks in Alabama, Birmingham Race Course Casino, Greene County Entertainment, and Victoryland.[15][16][17]

The state attorney general opined in 2001 and 2008 that HHR machines could be legal under existing parimutuel wagering laws.[18][19][20] HHR machines were first installed in 2019 at Birmingham Race Course.[15] They came into broader use after unfavorable court rulings forced the removal of electronic bingo machines at some facilities, arriving in 2022 at the Greene County track,[21][22] and then in 2023 at Victoryland.[17][23]

Idaho

[edit]

The Idaho Legislature legalized Instant Racing in 2013,[24] and machines were soon installed at Les Bois Park, Greyhound Park, and the Double Down Bar & Grill in Idaho Falls.[25] State legislators then enacted a ban on the machines in early 2015, claiming they had been misled about the game's nature,[26] but the ban was vetoed by Governor Butch Otter.[27] However, the Coeur d'Alene Tribe, which operates a casino that competes with the racetracks, successfully sued to invalidate Otter's veto, and the ban went into effect in September 2015, resulting in the shutdown of the state's historical racing parlors.[28][29] A ballot initiative to re-legalize the machines, Proposition 1, was rejected by voters in 2018.[30]

Kansas

[edit]

Kansas legislators enacted a historical racing law in 2022, authorizing one license for a facility in the Wichita area with up to 1,000 machines.[31][32] The license was granted to the proposed Golden Circle project, to open at the former Wichita Greyhound Park in Park City in 2024 or 2025.[33]

Kentucky

[edit]

The Kentucky Horse Racing Commission modified its definition of parimutuel wagering in July 2010 to allow Instant Racing, and at the same time asked a court to review whether the change was legal.[34] The court approved the changes and anti-gambling activists appealed the decision.[35][36] The anti-gambling activists' appeal reached the Kentucky Supreme Court, which ruled in February 2014 that the Horse Racing Commission could authorize parimutuel wagering on historical races, but remanded the case for further proceedings to determine whether the terminals meet the definition of parimutuel wagering.[37][38] In 2020, the Supreme Court finally ruled that at least the Exacta Systems product was not parimutuel.[39] The next year, however, state legislators updated the definition of parimutuel wagering to explicitly allow historical horse racing, citing its importance to the state's racing industry.[40]

Even while the legal fight unfolded, Kentucky Downs installed Instant Racing terminals in September 2011, Ellis Park followed suit a year later,[41] and the Red Mile opened a historical racing parlor in partnership with Keeneland in September 2015.[42] Derby City Gaming, a standalone historical racing parlor, opened in 2018.[43] As of 2021, development was underway on a historical racing parlor at Turfway Park and on a second Derby City Gaming location.[44][45]

Louisiana

[edit]

In 2021, Louisiana lawmakers authorized historical racing at off-track betting parlors, with up to 50 machines per location.[46][47]

Nebraska

[edit]

Nebraska has seen several attempts to legalize the machines. The Nebraska Legislature voted to authorize the machines in 2012, but the bill was vetoed by Governor Dave Heineman.[48] The legislature then approved a state constitutional amendment in 2014 to allow historical racing, but it was struck from the ballot by the Nebraska Supreme Court based on a technicality.[49] The state racing commission attempted in 2018 to approve the machines, but backed off after Attorney General Doug Peterson argued that the move was unconstitutional.[50]

New Hampshire

[edit]

In 2021, New Hampshire legalized historic horse racing machines at charitable gaming facilities.[51] By 2023, machines were up and running at eight locations.[52] The largest operation in the state, The Brook, has 505 machines and accounts for 41% of the state's HHR revenue.[52][53]

Oregon

[edit]

The Oregon Racing Commission approved Instant Racing machines at the state's racetracks in April 2003.[54] Twenty units were installed at Multnomah Greyhound Park the next month. The terminals were moved to Portland Meadows in October.[55] They were removed in November 2003 at the direction of the tracks' parent company, Magna Entertainment.[55] The Commission in 2006 approved a request from Magna to bring the game back to Portland Meadows,[56] but then reversed itself a year later under pressure from Attorney General Hardy Myers, who believed the machines to be illegal.[57][58]

The state enacted a new law legalizing Instant Racing in June 2013,[59] and the game was relaunched at Portland Meadows in February 2015.[60] Portland Meadows closed in 2019.[61]

Another horse track, Grants Pass Downs, sought to open a historical racing parlor with 225 machines. Their application was denied after the state Department of Justice determined that the latest generation of machines were games of chance rather than parimutuel betting, and therefore would violate the state constitution's prohibitions against casinos and private lotteries.[62]

Texas

[edit]

The Texas Racing Commission adopted rules in August 2014 to allow historical wagering at the state's horse and dog tracks.[63] However, in November 2014, a judge struck down the new rules, finding that historical wagering was a new type of wagering not authorized by existing statutes.[64][65] The decision was appealed, but the Commission, under strong pressure from state legislators, repealed the historical wagering rules before the appeal could be decided.[66]

Virginia

[edit]

Virginia enacted a law to allow historical wagering in April 2018, in an effort to make it economically viable to reopen the state's only horse track, Colonial Downs.[67] The racetrack's historical racing parlor opened in April 2019, with additional machines to follow at several off-track betting parlors around the state, branded as Rosie's Gaming Emporium.[68][69]

Wyoming

[edit]

Instant Racing machines were installed at Wyoming's four off-track betting parlors beginning in July 2003,[70] after approval of the Wyoming Pari-Mutuel Commission.[71] The machines' legality was soon called into question by the state Attorney General, and they were removed in 2005 following a court ruling.[72] The Wyoming Supreme Court ultimately ruled them illegal in 2006, calling the game "a slot machine that attempts to mimic traditional pari-mutuel wagering".[73] In 2013, the state legislature re-legalized Instant Racing.[74] By December 2016, machines were in operation at 14 betting parlors across the state.[75]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Robyn L. Minor (March 16, 2012). "Kentucky Downs kicks off instant racing". The Daily News. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  2. ^ Gregory A. Hall (February 20, 2014). "Instant Racing opponents can continue fight, but ruling removes some arguments". The Courier Journal. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  3. ^ Examination of Historical Horse Racing Machines (PDF) (Report). Casino Consultants Consortium. September 2021. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  4. ^ a b c Tom Bojarski (July 7, 2011). "Gone in an instant". Hoof Beats. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  5. ^ a b "Kentucky Horse Racing Commission v. The Family Foundation of Kentucky, No. 10-CI-01154 (Franklin Cir. Ct., Div. II, Dec. 29, 2010)" (PDF). p. 9. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  6. ^ a b Chuck Stinnett (February 26, 2014). "Ellis might ship off some of its Instant Racing machines". Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved 2014-06-18. (subscription required)
  7. ^ a b c d Janet Patton (September 1, 2011). "On eve of instant racing's debut, Ky. Downs hopes for big payoff". Lexington Herald-Leader. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  8. ^ Dave Solomon (May 25, 2019). "Charities want 'historic horse racing' machines at NH casinos". New Hampshire Union Leader. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  9. ^ a b OAG 10-001: Instant Racing (Report). Kentucky Office of the Attorney General. January 5, 2010. pp. 2–4. Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  10. ^ Emma Gauthier (April 11, 2019). "Horse racing returns as gaming parlors open in Virginia". Associated Press. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  11. ^ Harry King (January 15, 2000). "Plan took shape in room on island". Associated Press Newswires.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  12. ^ "Act 10 of 1999" (PDF). Arkansas General Assembly. February 2, 1999. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  13. ^ Harry King (January 14, 2000). "Track unveils new machines". Associated Press Newswires.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  14. ^ Harry King (March 28, 2000). "New version of machines is on the way". Associated Press Newswires.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
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