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{{for|the town in Nepal|Lihi, Nepal}}{{for|the Israeli gymnast|Lihi Raz}} |
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In [[Philippines|Philippine]] folk culture, '''''lihí''''' is a condition of pregnancy food craving. A notable characteristic is that [[pregnant]] women usually desire food such as sour, unripe [[mango]] with [[bagoong]]. While it is a cultural concept restricted among [[Filipino people|Filipinos]], analogous cultural phenomena of pregnancy food cravings have been observed in various cultures. It is still debatable whether ''lihí'' can be classified and established as either a biological or psychological condition or a purely social and cultural one.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Placek C | title = A test of four evolutionary hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: evidence for the social bargaining model | journal = Royal Society Open Science | volume = 4 | issue = 10 | pages = 170243 | date = October 2017 | pmid = 29134058 | pmc = 5666241 | doi = 10.1098/rsos.170243 | bibcode = 2017RSOS....470243P }}</ref> |
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In the [[Philippines]], '''lihi''' is a condition in which a [[pregnant]] woman craves strongly for something: typically food, such as sour [[mango]] with [[bagoong]]. Lihi is universal in the Philippines. Almost all mothers of any race experience lihi. It is disputed whether lihi is biological or psychological in nature. |
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==Superstitions== |
==Superstitions== |
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''Lihí'' also broadly encompasses a folk belief that whatever a woman craves during pregnancy will [[Maternal impression|imprint characteristics on the child.]] The period of the lihi is usually the [[Pregnancy#Trimesters|first trimester]] of the pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abad |first1=Peter James B. |last2=Tan |first2=Michael L. |last3=Baluyot |first3=Melissa Mae P. |last4=Villa |first4=Angela Q. |last5=Talapian |first5=Gay Luz |last6=Reyes |first6=Ma. Elouisa |last7=Suarez |first7=Riza Concordia |last8=Sur |first8=Aster Lynn D. |last9=Aldemita |first9=Vanessa Dyan R. |last10=Padilla |first10=Carmencita David |last11=Laurino |first11=Mercy Ygona |title=Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling |journal=Journal of Community Genetics |date=October 2014 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=399–407 |doi=10.1007/s12687-014-0193-1 |pmid=25026992 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/36310777/Cultural_Beliefs_and_Genetic_Counseling.pdf |access-date=7 September 2021|pmc=4159471 }}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> When a child resembles a [[manatee]], for example, it is said that the mother enjoyed looking at that particular animal during the gestational period. The lihi period is also the time when the expectant mother is allegedly susceptible to supernatural creatures which might play pranks on her.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jocano |first1=F. Landa|title=Folk Medicine in a Philippine Municipality |date=2003 |publisher=PUNLAD Research House |isbn=978-971-622-015-5 |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NufaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She might also develop a strong dislike for her husband.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jocano |first1=F. Landa |title=Filipino Social Organization: Traditional Kinship and Family Organization |date=1998 |publisher=Punlad Research House |isbn=978-971-622-003-2 |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbJwAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Lihi also refers to a popular superstition that the offspring will closely resemble the thing for which the mother craved during pregnancy. When a child looks exactly like an animal -- for example, a manatee -- it is said that during pregnancy, the mother enjoyed looking at that particular animal. |
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In other regions, |
In other regions, ''lihí'' refers to the belief that any sensory stimuli imbibed by a pregnant woman influences her child development. Among some ethnic groups in the northern Philippines, it is [[taboo]] to mention anything about animals such as rats or pigs near a pregnant woman for fear that her child may acquire the features of the mentioned animals. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Food craving]] |
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The latter superstition is not limited to the Philippines. In the [[Bible]], in Genesis 30:36-43, Jacob took advantage of lihi. He developed spotted and speckled cattle, sheep, and goats by taking rods from trees, partially stripping them of their bark so they appeared spotted and marked, and placing them into the animals' watering troughs. The flocks brought forth "ringstraked, speckled and spotted" offspring which Jacob received as part of an agreement. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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* [http://www.medobserver.com/jun2002/pregnant.html medobserver.com] |
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[[Category:Health in the Philippines]] |
[[Category:Health in the Philippines]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Superstitions of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Tagalog words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Tagalog words and phrases]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Austronesian spirituality]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:16, 12 April 2024
In Philippine folk culture, lihí is a condition of pregnancy food craving. A notable characteristic is that pregnant women usually desire food such as sour, unripe mango with bagoong. While it is a cultural concept restricted among Filipinos, analogous cultural phenomena of pregnancy food cravings have been observed in various cultures. It is still debatable whether lihí can be classified and established as either a biological or psychological condition or a purely social and cultural one.[1]
Superstitions
[edit]Lihí also broadly encompasses a folk belief that whatever a woman craves during pregnancy will imprint characteristics on the child. The period of the lihi is usually the first trimester of the pregnancy.[2] When a child resembles a manatee, for example, it is said that the mother enjoyed looking at that particular animal during the gestational period. The lihi period is also the time when the expectant mother is allegedly susceptible to supernatural creatures which might play pranks on her.[3] She might also develop a strong dislike for her husband.[4]
In other regions, lihí refers to the belief that any sensory stimuli imbibed by a pregnant woman influences her child development. Among some ethnic groups in the northern Philippines, it is taboo to mention anything about animals such as rats or pigs near a pregnant woman for fear that her child may acquire the features of the mentioned animals.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Placek C (October 2017). "A test of four evolutionary hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: evidence for the social bargaining model". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (10): 170243. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470243P. doi:10.1098/rsos.170243. PMC 5666241. PMID 29134058.
- ^ Abad, Peter James B.; Tan, Michael L.; Baluyot, Melissa Mae P.; Villa, Angela Q.; Talapian, Gay Luz; Reyes, Ma. Elouisa; Suarez, Riza Concordia; Sur, Aster Lynn D.; Aldemita, Vanessa Dyan R.; Padilla, Carmencita David; Laurino, Mercy Ygona (October 2014). "Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling" (PDF). Journal of Community Genetics. 5 (4): 399–407. doi:10.1007/s12687-014-0193-1. PMC 4159471. PMID 25026992. Retrieved 7 September 2021.[dead link]
- ^ Jocano, F. Landa (2003). Folk Medicine in a Philippine Municipality. PUNLAD Research House. p. 187. ISBN 978-971-622-015-5. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Jocano, F. Landa (1998). Filipino Social Organization: Traditional Kinship and Family Organization. Punlad Research House. p. 97. ISBN 978-971-622-003-2. Retrieved 7 September 2021.