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{{Short description|Election to Seanad Éireann vacancies}}
⚫
Two [[by-election]]s were held for vacancies in [[Seanad Éireann]] on Wednesday, 21 April 2021.<ref name="candidates 2021">{{Cite report |url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/seanad/2021/2021-03-30_seanad-bye-elections-2021-list-of-candidates_en.pdf |title=Seanad bye-elections 2021 list of candidates |date=30 March 2021 |publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas}}</ref> The vacancies were caused by the resignations of [[Fine Gael]]'s [[Michael W. D'Arcy]] from the [[Agricultural Panel]] in September 2020 to become chief executive of the Irish Association of Institute Management;<ref>{{cite web|title=Former junior finance minister to head funds sector lobby group|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/former-junior-finance-minister-to-head-funds-sector-lobby-group-1.4365853|website=[[The Irish Times]]|date=28 September 2020|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> and of [[Sinn Féin]]'s [[Elisha McCallion]] from the [[Industrial and Commercial Panel]] in October 2020 due to a [[COVID-19]] grants controversy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2020/1029/1174707-sinn-fein/|date=29 October 2020|title=Three Sinn Féin members resign over Covid grants|work=RTÉ News|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
⚫
Two [[by-election]]s were held for vacancies in [[Seanad Éireann]] on Wednesday, 21 April 2021.<ref name="candidates 2021">{{Cite report |url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/seanad/2021/2021-03-30_seanad-bye-elections-2021-list-of-candidates_en.pdf |title=Seanad bye-elections 2021 list of candidates |date=30 March 2021 |publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas}}</ref> The vacancies were caused by the resignations of [[Fine Gael]]'s [[Michael W. D'Arcy]] from the [[Agricultural Panel]] in September 2020 to become chief executive of the Irish Association of Institute Management;<ref>{{cite news|title=Former junior finance minister to head funds sector lobby group|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/former-junior-finance-minister-to-head-funds-sector-lobby-group-1.4365853|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|date=28 September 2020|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> and of [[Sinn Féin]]'s [[Elisha McCallion]] from the [[Industrial and Commercial Panel]] in October 2020 due to a [[COVID-19]] grants controversy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2020/1029/1174707-sinn-fein/|date=29 October 2020|title=Three Sinn Féin members resign over Covid grants|work=RTÉ News|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>


[[Fine Gael]]'s [[Maria Byrne]] was elected to the [[Agricultural Panel]], and [[Fianna Fáil]]'s [[Gerry Horkan]] to the [[Industrial and Commercial Panel]].<ref name=RTE_20210421/> Both were elected on the first count.
[[Fine Gael]]'s [[Maria Byrne]] was elected to the [[Agricultural Panel]], and [[Fianna Fáil]]'s [[Gerry Horkan]] to the [[Industrial and Commercial Panel]].<ref name=RTE_20210421/> Both were elected on the first count.


==Election system==
==Electoral system==
[[File:Seanad Bye-Election 2021 (51129691002).jpg|thumb|Ballots being tabulated]]
⚫
In vacancies in the [[Vocational panel]]s, the electorate in by-elections consists of [[Oireachtas]] members only,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/ryan-very-unlikely-to-accept-seanad-seat-1773791.html|title=Ryan 'very unlikely' to accept Seanad seat|work=[[Irish Independent]]|date=15 June 2009|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> which will consist of 160 [[Teachta Dála|TDs]] and 58 Senators.<ref name=IT_20210405/> To be nominated, a candidate must have the signature of nine TDs and/or Senators.<ref name=IT_20210312>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/four-former-senators-among-candidates-for-seanad-byelections-1.4508990|work=The Irish Times|title=Four former senators among candidates for Seanad byelections|date=12 March 2021|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> Ballot papers were issued on 7 April and the polls closed at 11 am on 21 April.<ref name=IT_20210405>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/hazel-chu-highest-profile-candidate-of-seven-in-seanad-byelection-1.4528558|work=The Irish Times|title=Hazel Chu highest profile candidate of seven in Seanad byelection|date=5 April 2021}}</ref>


⚫
In vacancies in the [[Vocational panel]]s, the electorate in by-elections consists of [[Oireachtas]] members only,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/ryan-very-unlikely-to-accept-seanad-seat-1773791.html|title=Ryan 'very unlikely' to accept Seanad seat|work=[[Irish Independent]]|date=15 June 2009|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> which will consist of 160 [[Teachta Dála|TDs]] and 58 Senators.<ref name=IT_20210405/> To be nominated, a candidate must have the signature of nine TDs and/or Senators.<ref name=IT_20210312>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/four-former-senators-among-candidates-for-seanad-byelections-1.4508990|newspaper=The Irish Times|title=Four former senators among candidates for Seanad byelections|date=12 March 2021|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> Ballot papers were issued on 7 April and the polls closed at 11 am on 21 April.<ref name=IT_20210405>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/hazel-chu-highest-profile-candidate-of-seven-in-seanad-byelection-1.4528558|newspaper=The Irish Times|title=Hazel Chu highest profile candidate of seven in Seanad byelection|date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
⚫
All votes are cast by postal ballot, and are counted using the [[single transferable vote]]. Under this system, voters can rank candidates in order of their preference, 1 as their first preference, 2 for second preference, and so on. Ballots are initially given a value of 1,000 to allow calculation of quotas ([[Droop quota]]) where all ballots are distributed in the case of a surplus.

⚫
All votes were cast by postal ballot, and were counted using the [[single transferable vote]]. Under this system, voters can rank candidates in order of their preference, 1 as their first preference, 2 for second preference, and so on. Ballots are initially given a value of 1,000 to allow calculation of quotas ([[Droop quota]]) where all ballots are distributed in the case of a surplus.

==Process and dates==
[[Michael W. D'Arcy]] resigned on 30 September 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title=Resignation of Member – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad) |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2020-09-30/10/ |website=Houses of the Oireachtas |access-date=10 November 2021 |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> with a notice of the vacancy sent to the [[Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage]] on 1 December.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vacancy In Seanad Membership: Motion – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad) |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2020-12-01/3/ |website=Houses of the Oireachtas |access-date=10 November 2021 |date=1 December 2020}}</ref> [[Elisha McCallion]] resigned on 5 November 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title=Resignation of Member – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad) |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2020-11-05/10/ |website=Houses of the Oireachtas |access-date=10 November 2021 |date=5 November 2020}}</ref> with a notice of the vacancy sent to the minister on 1 February 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vacancy In Seanad Membership: Motion – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad) |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2021-02-01/11/ |website=Houses of the Oireachtas |access-date=10 November 2021 |date=1 February 2021}}</ref> The minister is required to make a Seanad by-election order within 180 days after receiving a notice of a vacancy.<ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|section=56|year=1947|number=42|stitle=Seanad bye-election order|name=Seanad Electoral (Panel Members) Act 1947|date=19 December 1947|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> On 3 March 2021, Minister [[Darragh O'Brien]] made an order for the by-election which set the following dates:<ref>{{cite journal |title=Seanad Bye-Election Order 2021; Seanad Bye-Election Order (No. 2) 2021 |journal=[[Iris Oifigiúil]] |date=5 March 2021 |volume=2021 |issue=19 |pages=284–285 |url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2021/march/Ir050321.pdf}}</ref>
* 23 March 2021: close of receiving nominations;
* 30 March 2021: ruling on nominations;
* 7 April 2021: issuing of ballot papers;
* 21 April 2021, at 11 a.m.: close of poll.


==Campaign==
==Campaign==
[[Fianna Fáil]] and [[Fine Gael]] ran one candidate each in different panels, and had a voting pact to back each other's candidates.<ref name=IT_20210405/>
[[Fianna Fáil]] and [[Fine Gael]] ran one candidate each in different panels, and had a voting pact to back each other's candidates.<ref name=IT_20210405/>


[[Sinn Féin]] did not run any candidates but backed independent Unionist [[Ian Marshall (farmer)|Ian Marshall]] on the Agricultural Panel and [[Billy Lawless]] on the Industrial and Commercial Panel.<ref name=IT_20210312/><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-06|title=Ian Marshall: Sinn Féin to support unionist in Irish senate election|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56616792|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/sinn-f%C3%A9in-backing-billy-lawless-in-seanad-byelection-race-1.4530469|title=Sinn Féin backing Billy Lawless in Seanad byelection race|first=Cormac|last=McQuinn|website=The Irish Times}}</ref> The [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats]] also supported Ian Marshall on the Agricultural Panel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-40248470.html|title=FF-FG Seanad voting pact in jeopardy as reps look to back independent candidates|first=Aoife Moore Political|last=Correspondent|date=March 21, 2021|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theburkean.ie/articles/2021/04/03/seanad-by-elections-2021-dail-eireanns-rotten-borough|title=Seanad By-Elections 2021: Dáil Éireann’s Rotten Borough|date=April 3, 2021|website=The Burkean}}</ref>
[[Sinn Féin]] did not run any candidates but backed independent Unionist [[Ian Marshall (politician)|Ian Marshall]] on the Agricultural Panel and [[Billy Lawless]] on the Industrial and Commercial Panel.<ref name=IT_20210312/><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-06|title=Ian Marshall: Sinn Féin to support unionist in Irish senate election|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56616792|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/sinn-f%C3%A9in-backing-billy-lawless-in-seanad-byelection-race-1.4530469|title=Sinn Féin backing Billy Lawless in Seanad byelection race|first=Cormac|last=McQuinn|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> The [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats]] also supported Ian Marshall on the Agricultural Panel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-40248470.html|title=FF-FG Seanad voting pact in jeopardy as reps look to back independent candidates|first=Aoife |last=Moore |authorlink=Aoife Moore|date=March 21, 2021|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theburkean.ie/articles/2021/04/03/seanad-by-elections-2021-dail-eireanns-rotten-borough|title=Seanad By-Elections 2021: Dáil Éireann's Rotten Borough|date=April 3, 2021|website=The Burkean}}</ref>


In early March 2021, the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] executive council, as well as the majority of their TDs and Senators, agreed not run candidates for the Seanad by-election, but to leave each of the larger two parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, to run one candidate each, in line with an informal agreement between the three government parties.<ref name=IT25Mar>{{Cite web|last=McQuinn|first=Cormac|title=Eamon Ryan 'tells Greens' no pact on supporting Coalition candidates for Seanad|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/eamon-ryan-tells-greens-no-pact-on-supporting-coalition-candidates-for-seanad-1.4520007|access-date=5 April 2021|website=The Irish Times}}</ref> However, on 22 March 2021, [[Hazel Chu]] announced her intention to run as an [[Independent politician|independent]] candidate. As a result, Green Party leader [[Eamon Ryan]] indicated that he would not vote for her on this occasion, and further that Chu's role as party chairperson might be discussed internally.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Green Party leader Eamon Ryan will not vote for Hazel Chu in Seanad byelection|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/green-party-leader-eamon-ryan-will-not-vote-for-hazel-chu-in-seanad-byelection-1.4518280|access-date=5 April 2021|website=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Hazel Chu to run as independent candidate in Seanad by-election|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-40249256.html|access-date=5 April 2021|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref>
In early March 2021, the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] executive council, as well as the majority of their TDs and Senators, agreed not to run candidates for the Seanad by-election, but to leave each of the larger two parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, to run one candidate each, in line with an informal agreement between the three government parties.<ref name=IT25Mar>{{Cite news|last=McQuinn|first=Cormac|title=Eamon Ryan 'tells Greens' no pact on supporting Coalition candidates for Seanad |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/eamon-ryan-tells-greens-no-pact-on-supporting-coalition-candidates-for-seanad-1.4520007 |access-date=5 April 2021|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> However, on 22 March 2021, [[Hazel Chu]] announced her intention to run as an [[Independent politician|independent]] candidate. As a result, Green Party leader [[Eamon Ryan]] indicated that he would not vote for her on this occasion, and further that Chu's role as party chairperson might be discussed internally.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 March 2021|title=Green Party leader Eamon Ryan will not vote for Hazel Chu in Seanad byelection |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/green-party-leader-eamon-ryan-will-not-vote-for-hazel-chu-in-seanad-byelection-1.4518280|access-date=5 April 2021|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Hazel Chu to run as independent candidate in Seanad by-election|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-40249256.html|access-date=5 April 2021|website=[[Irish Examiner]]}}</ref>


==Results==
==Results==
===Agricultural Panel===
===Agricultural Panel===
{{STV Election box begin2
{{STV Election box begin2
|title = 2021 Seanad by-election: [[Agricultural Panel]]<ref name=RTE_20210421>{{Cite news |last=Lehane |first=Mícheál |date=21 April 2021|title=Byrne, Horkan elected to Seanad following by-election|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2021/0420/1211089-seanad-by-election/ |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
|title = 2021 Seanad by-election: [[Agricultural Panel]]<ref name=RTE_20210421>{{Cite news |last=Lehane |first=Mícheál |date=21 April 2021|title=Byrne, Horkan elected to Seanad following by-election|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2021/0420/1211089-seanad-by-election/ |work=[[RTÉ News]]|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
|numcounts = 1
|numcounts = 1
}}
}}
Line 28: Line 40:
}}
}}
{{STV Election box candidate2
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = [[Ian Marshall (farmer)|Ian Marshall]]
|candidate = [[Ian Marshall (politician)|Ian Marshall]]
|party = Independent politicians in Ireland
|party = Independent Unionist
|percentage = 34.2
|percentage = 34.2
|count1 = 69,000
|count1 = 69,000
Line 41: Line 53:
{{STV Election box end2
{{STV Election box end2
|numcounts = 1
|numcounts = 1
|electorate = 218{{efn|To facilitate transfer of fractional surpluses, each valid ballot paper is given a value of 1,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seanad Electoral (Panel Members) Act 1947, Schedule 2, Rule 4 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/act/42/schedule/2/enacted/en/html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |accessdate=31 March 2020|language=en}}</ref>|name="thousand"}}
|electorate = 218{{efn|To facilitate transfer of fractional surpluses, each valid ballot paper is given a value of 1,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seanad Electoral (Panel Members) Act 1947, Schedule 2, Rule 4 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/act/42/schedule/2/enacted/en/html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=31 March 2020|language=en}}</ref>|name="thousand"}}
|valid = 202,000{{efn|name="thousand"}}
|valid = 202,000{{efn|name="thousand"}}
|spoilt =
|spoilt =
Line 61: Line 73:
{{STV Election box candidate2
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = [[Billy Lawless]]
|candidate = [[Billy Lawless]]
|party = Independent politicians in Ireland
|party = Independent politician (Ireland)
|percentage = 25.6
|percentage = 25.6
|count1 = 52,000
|count1 = 52,000
Line 73: Line 85:
{{STV Election box candidate2
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = [[Hazel Chu]]{{efn|Chu is a member of the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] but stood in the election as an Independent candidate.}}
|candidate = [[Hazel Chu]]{{efn|Chu is a member of the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] but stood in the election as an Independent candidate.}}
|party = Independent politicians in Ireland
|party = Independent politician (Ireland)
|percentage = 4.9
|percentage = 4.9
|count1 = 10,000
|count1 = 10,000
Line 94: Line 106:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Irish Seanad By-Election, 2021}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irish Seanad By-Election, 2021}}
[[Category:Seanad Éireann elections|2021]]
[[Category:2021 elections in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
[[Category:2021 elections in Europe|Ireland]]
[[Category:2021 in Irish politics|Seanad]]
[[Category:2021 in Irish politics|Seanad]]
[[Category:2021 in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in Ireland]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in Europe]]
[[Category:Seanad by-elections|Seanad, 2021]]
[[Category:2020s elections in Ireland|Seanad]]

Latest revision as of 19:00, 20 April 2024

Two by-elections were held for vacancies in Seanad Éireann on Wednesday, 21 April 2021.[1] The vacancies were caused by the resignations of Fine Gael's Michael W. D'Arcy from the Agricultural Panel in September 2020 to become chief executive of the Irish Association of Institute Management;[2] and of Sinn Féin's Elisha McCallion from the Industrial and Commercial Panel in October 2020 due to a COVID-19 grants controversy.[3]

Fine Gael's Maria Byrne was elected to the Agricultural Panel, and Fianna Fáil's Gerry Horkan to the Industrial and Commercial Panel.[4] Both were elected on the first count.

Electoral system

[edit]
Ballots being tabulated

In vacancies in the Vocational panels, the electorate in by-elections consists of Oireachtas members only,[5] which will consist of 160 TDs and 58 Senators.[6] To be nominated, a candidate must have the signature of nine TDs and/or Senators.[7] Ballot papers were issued on 7 April and the polls closed at 11 am on 21 April.[6]

All votes were cast by postal ballot, and were counted using the single transferable vote. Under this system, voters can rank candidates in order of their preference, 1 as their first preference, 2 for second preference, and so on. Ballots are initially given a value of 1,000 to allow calculation of quotas (Droop quota) where all ballots are distributed in the case of a surplus.

Process and dates

[edit]

Michael W. D'Arcy resigned on 30 September 2020,[8] with a notice of the vacancy sent to the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage on 1 December.[9] Elisha McCallion resigned on 5 November 2020,[10] with a notice of the vacancy sent to the minister on 1 February 2021.[11] The minister is required to make a Seanad by-election order within 180 days after receiving a notice of a vacancy.[12] On 3 March 2021, Minister Darragh O'Brien made an order for the by-election which set the following dates:[13]

  • 23 March 2021: close of receiving nominations;
  • 30 March 2021: ruling on nominations;
  • 7 April 2021: issuing of ballot papers;
  • 21 April 2021, at 11 a.m.: close of poll.

Campaign

[edit]

Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael ran one candidate each in different panels, and had a voting pact to back each other's candidates.[6]

Sinn Féin did not run any candidates but backed independent Unionist Ian Marshall on the Agricultural Panel and Billy Lawless on the Industrial and Commercial Panel.[7][14][15] The Social Democrats also supported Ian Marshall on the Agricultural Panel.[16][17]

In early March 2021, the Green Party executive council, as well as the majority of their TDs and Senators, agreed not to run candidates for the Seanad by-election, but to leave each of the larger two parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, to run one candidate each, in line with an informal agreement between the three government parties.[18] However, on 22 March 2021, Hazel Chu announced her intention to run as an independent candidate. As a result, Green Party leader Eamon Ryan indicated that he would not vote for her on this occasion, and further that Chu's role as party chairperson might be discussed internally.[19][20]

Results

[edit]

Agricultural Panel

[edit]
2021 Seanad by-election: Agricultural Panel[4]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1
Fine Gael Maria Byrne 58.4 118,000
Ind. Unionist Ian Marshall 34.2 69,000
Labour Angela Feeney 7.4 15,000
Electorate: 218[a]   Valid: 202,000[a]   Quota: 101,001[a]   Turnout: 92.7%  

Industrial and Commercial Panel

[edit]
2021 Seanad by-election: Industrial and Commercial Panel[4]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1
Fianna Fáil Gerry Horkan 56.2 114,000
Independent Billy Lawless 25.6 52,000
Labour Ciarán Ahern 13.3 27,000
Independent Hazel Chu[b] 4.9 10,000
Electorate: 218[a]   Valid: 203,000[a]   Spoilt: 4,000[a]   Quota: 101,501[a]   Turnout: 94.9%  
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g To facilitate transfer of fractional surpluses, each valid ballot paper is given a value of 1,000.[21]
  2. ^ Chu is a member of the Green Party but stood in the election as an Independent candidate.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Seanad bye-elections 2021 list of candidates (PDF) (Report). Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Former junior finance minister to head funds sector lobby group". The Irish Times. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  3. ^ "Three Sinn Féin members resign over Covid grants". RTÉ News. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Lehane, Mícheál (21 April 2021). "Byrne, Horkan elected to Seanad following by-election". RTÉ News. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  5. ^ "Ryan 'very unlikely' to accept Seanad seat". Irish Independent. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "Hazel Chu highest profile candidate of seven in Seanad byelection". The Irish Times. 5 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Four former senators among candidates for Seanad byelections". The Irish Times. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  8. ^ "Resignation of Member – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad)". Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  9. ^ "Vacancy In Seanad Membership: Motion – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad)". Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  10. ^ "Resignation of Member – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad)". Houses of the Oireachtas. 5 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Vacancy In Seanad Membership: Motion – Seanad Éireann (26th Seanad)". Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  12. ^ Seanad Electoral (Panel Members) Act 1947, s. 56: Seanad bye-election order (No. 42 of 1947, s. 56). Enacted on 19 December 1947. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 10 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Seanad Bye-Election Order 2021; Seanad Bye-Election Order (No. 2) 2021" (PDF). Iris Oifigiúil. 2021 (19): 284–285. 5 March 2021.
  14. ^ "Ian Marshall: Sinn Féin to support unionist in Irish senate election". BBC News. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  15. ^ McQuinn, Cormac. "Sinn Féin backing Billy Lawless in Seanad byelection race". The Irish Times.
  16. ^ Moore, Aoife (21 March 2021). "FF-FG Seanad voting pact in jeopardy as reps look to back independent candidates". Irish Examiner.
  17. ^ "Seanad By-Elections 2021: Dáil Éireann's Rotten Borough". The Burkean. 3 April 2021.
  18. ^ McQuinn, Cormac. "Eamon Ryan 'tells Greens' no pact on supporting Coalition candidates for Seanad". The Irish Times. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  19. ^ "Green Party leader Eamon Ryan will not vote for Hazel Chu in Seanad byelection". The Irish Times. 22 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Hazel Chu to run as independent candidate in Seanad by-election". Irish Examiner. 22 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  21. ^ "Seanad Electoral (Panel Members) Act 1947, Schedule 2, Rule 4". electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB). Retrieved 31 March 2020.
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