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{{Short description|County in Texas, United States}}
{{Infobox U.S. county|
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
county = Gonzales County|
{{Infobox U.S. county
state = Texas |
| county = Gonzales County
seal = |
| state = Texas
founded = 1837 |
| seal =
seat wl = Gonzales |
| founded = 1837
largest city wl = Gonzales |
| seat wl = Gonzales
area_total_sq_mi = 1070 |
| largest city wl = Gonzales
area_land_sq_mi = 1067 |
| area_total_sq_mi = 1070
area_water_sq_mi = 3.2 |
| area_land_sq_mi = 1067
area percentage = 0.3% |
| area_water_sq_mi = 3.2
census yr = 2010 |
| area percentage = 0.3
pop = 19807 |
| census yr = 2020
density_sq_mi = 19 |
| pop = 19653
ex image = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=line|stroke-width=1|zoom=7|Q26614}} |
| density_sq_mi = auto
ex image size = |
| ex image = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=line|stroke-width=1|zoom=7|Q26614}}
ex image cap = |
| ex image size =
web = www.co.gonzales.tx.us |
| ex image cap =
| time zone = Central
| web = www.co.gonzales.tx.us|
| district = 27th
| time zone = Central
| district2 = 34th
| district = 27th
| named for = City of Gonzales
| named for = City of Gonzales
}}
}}
[[File:Gonzales courthouse 2005.jpg|thumb|The [[Gonzales County Courthouse]]. The [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] style building was added to [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1972.]]
[[File:Gonzales courthouse 2005.jpg|thumb|The [[Gonzales County Courthouse]]. The [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] style building was added to [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1972.]]


'''Gonzales County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], its population was 19,807.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48177.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728154907/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48177.html|archive-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> The county is named for its [[county seat]], the city of [[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> The county was created in 1836 and organized the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg07|title=Gonzales County|author1=Dorcas Huff Baumgartner|author2=Genevieve B. Vollentine|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|date=June 15, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/gonzales-county|title=Gonzales County|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|website=Texas Almanac|access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> As of August 2020, under strict [[austerity|budgetary limitations]], the County of Gonzales government-body is unique in that it claims to have no [[commercial paper]], regarding it as "the absence of any county debt."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sjoberg |first1=Brooke |title=Pay a concern at meeting |url=http://www.gonzalesinquirer.com/stories/thursday-august-13-2020,27906 |publisher=The Gonzales Inquirer |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
'''Gonzales County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]], adjacent to [[Greater Austin]]-[[Greater San Antonio|San Antonio]]. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], its population was 19,653.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gonzales County, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US48177|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022}}</ref> The county is named for its [[county seat]], the city of [[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> The county was created in 1836 and organized the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg07|title=Gonzales County|author1=Dorcas Huff Baumgartner|author2=Genevieve B. Vollentine|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|date=June 15, 2010|access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/gonzales-county|title=Gonzales County|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|website=Texas Almanac|access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> As of August 2020, under strict [[austerity|budgetary limitations]], the County of Gonzales government-body is unique in that it claims to have no [[commercial paper]], regarding it as "the absence of any county debt."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sjoberg |first1=Brooke |title=Pay a concern at meeting |url=http://www.gonzalesinquirer.com/stories/thursday-august-13-2020,27906 |publisher=The Gonzales Inquirer |access-date=August 14, 2020}}</ref>


According to the census, all areas county-wide had $188,099,000 in total annual payroll (2016), $550,118,900 (±39,442,212; 2018) in aggregate annual income, and $238,574,000 in total annual retail sales (2012). In 2018, the census valued all real estate in the county at an aggregate $795,242,300 (±74,643,103); with an aggregate $29,058,000 of real estate being listed for sale and $173,100 listed for rent. In the same year, approximately, the top 5% of households made an average of $361,318; the top 20% averaged at $188,699; the fourth quintile at $79,601; the third quintile (median income) at $53,317; the second quintile at $31,238; and the lowest at $13,339.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gonzales County, Texas |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US48177 |website=Census Data |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref> The [[Texas Almanac]] rated all categories of land in the county at an aggregate value of $5.6-billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gonzales County |url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/gonzales-county |website=Texas Almanac |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref>
According to the census, all areas county-wide had $188,099,000 in total annual payroll (2016), $550,118,900 (±39,442,212; 2018) in aggregate annual income, and $238,574,000 in total annual retail sales (2012). In 2018, the census valued all real estate in the county at an aggregate $795,242,300 (±74,643,103); with an aggregate $29,058,000 of real estate being listed for sale and $173,100 listed for rent. In the same year, approximately, the top 5% of households made an average of $361,318; the top 20% averaged at $188,699; the fourth quintile at $79,601; the third quintile (median income) at $53,317; the second quintile at $31,238; and the lowest at $13,339.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gonzales County, Texas |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US48177 |website=Census Data |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 14, 2020}}</ref> The [[Texas Almanac]] rated all categories of land in the county at an aggregate value of $5.6-billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gonzales County |url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/gonzales-county |website=Texas Almanac |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref>

==History==
{{Prose|section|date=December 2013}}
* [[Paleo-Indians]] [[Hunter-gatherers]] were here thousands of years ago; the later [[Coahuiltecan]], [[Tonkawa]], and [[Karankawa]] migrated into the area in the 14th century, but lost much of their population by the 18th century due to new [[infection|infectious]] diseases contracted by contact with European explorers. The historic [[Comanche]] and [[Waco tribe]]s later migrated into the area and competed most with [[European Americans|European American]] settlers of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg07|title=Gonzales County |first1=Baumgartner |last1=Dorcas Huff |last2=Vollentine |first2=Genevieve B.|date=June 15, 2010|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1519–1685 [[Hernando Cortez]] and [[Alonso Álvarez de Pineda]] claim Texas for [[Spain]].
* 1685–1690 [[France]] plants its flag on Texas soil, but departs after only five years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsjunction.com/facts/6flags.htm|title=A Texas Scrapbook: San Antonio's Military Plaza|website=www.lsjunction.com|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1821 [[Mexico]] won its independence from Spain. Citizens of the United States began to settle in Texas and were granted Mexican citizenship.
* 1825
:[[Green DeWitt]]'s petition for a land grant to establish a colony in Texas is approved by the Mexican government.
:[[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]] is established and named for Rafael Gonzales, governor of [[Coahuila y Tejas]].
* 1828 When [[Jean Louis Berlandier]] visits, he finds settler cabins, a fort-like barricade, agriculture and livestock, as well as nearby villages of Tonkawa and Karankawa.
* 1831 The [[Coahuila y Tejas]] government sends a six-pound cannon to Gonzales for settlers' protection against Indian raids.
* 1835
:The colony sends delegates to conventions (1832–1835) to discuss disagreements with Mexico.
:September – The Mexican government views the conventions as treason. Troops are sent to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon.
:October 2 – The [[Battle of Gonzales]] becomes the first shots fired in the [[Texas Revolution]]. The colonists put up armed resistance, with the cannon pointed at the Mexican troops, and above it a banner proclaiming, "[[Come and take it]]". Commemoration of the event becomes the annual "Come and Take It Festival".<ref>[http://www.gonzalestexas.com/index.php/calender-of-events Gonzales C of C] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924075742/http://www.gonzalestexas.com/index.php/calender-of-events |date=September 24, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qvg01|title=GONZALES "COME AND TAKE IT" CANNON|last=RICKS|first=LINDLEY, THOMAS|date=June 15, 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
:October 13 – December 9 – [[Siege of Bexar]] becomes the first major campaign of the Texas Revolution.
* 1836
:Gonzales County is established.
:February 23 – Alamo messenger Launcelot Smithers carries to the people of Gonzales, the [[William B. Travis|Colonel William Barret Travis]] letter stating the enemy is in sight and requesting men and provisions.
:February 24 – Captain Albert Martin delivers to Smithers in Gonzales the infamous "Victory or Death" Travis letter addressed "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" stating the direness of the situation. Smithers then takes the letter to San Felipe,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hls10|title=SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN, TX|last=CHRISTOPHER|first=JACKSON, CHARLES|date=June 15, 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> site of the provisional Texas government.
:February 27 – The [[Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers|Gonzales Alamo Relief Force of 32 men]], led by Lieutenant [[George C. Kimble]], depart to join the 130 fighters already at the Alamo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/gonreliefframe.htm|title=Wayback Machine: The DeWitt Colony Alamo Defenders|date=December 2, 1998|website=Internet Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202210748/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/gonreliefframe.htm|archive-date=December 2, 1998|url-status=dead|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
:March 1 – The Gonzales [[Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers|"Immortal 32"]] make their way inside the Alamo.
:March 2 – [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] from Mexico establishes the [[Republic of Texas]].
:March 6 – [[Battle of the Alamo|The Alamo]] falls.
:March 13–14 – [[Susanna Dickinson]], the widow of the Alamo defender [[Almaron Dickinson]], arrives in Gonzales with her daughter Angelina and Colonel Travis' slave Joe. Upon hearing the news of the Alamo, [[Sam Houston]] orders the town of Gonzales torched to the ground, and establishes his headquarters under a county oak tree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/MikeCoxTexasTales/177-Sam-Houston-Oak.htm|title=Sam Houston Oak, Texas historic tree near Gonzales.|website=www.texasescapes.com|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5177004503 Texas Historical Markers, Sam Houston Oak] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928144339/http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5177004503 |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref>
* 1838 Gonzales men found the town of [[Seguin, Texas|Walnut Springs]] (later Seguin) in the northwest section of the county.
* 1840 Gonzales men join the [[Battle of Plum Creek]] against [[Buffalo Hump]] and his Comanches.
* 1850 Gonzales College is founded by slave-owning planters, and is the first institution in Texas to confer A.B. degrees on women.
* 1853 The ''Gonzales Inquirer'' begins publication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gonzalesinquirer.com/|title=The Gonzales Inquirer|website=www.gonzalesinquirer.com|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1860 County population is 8,059, including 3,168 slaves.
* 1861
:County votes 802–80 in favor of [[Texas in the American Civil War|secession]] from the Union.
:February 1 – Texas [[Ordinance of Secession|secedes]] from the Union
:March 2 – Texas joins the [[Confederate States of America]]
* 1866–1876 The [[Sutton–Taylor feud]], which involves outlaw [[John Wesley Hardin]], and is reportedly the bloodiest and longest in Texas history. Hardin's men are known to have stayed in the community of [[Pilgrim, Texas|Pilgrim]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jcs03|title=SUTTON-TAYLOR FEUD|last=L.|first=SONNICHSEN, C.|date=June 15, 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/tx-suttontaylor.html|title=The Sutton-Taylor Feud of DeWitt County, Texas – Legends of America|website=www.legendsofamerica.com|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1870, March 30 – The [[United States Congress]] readmits Texas into the Union.
* 1874 The [[Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway]] is built through the eastern and northern part of the county.
* 1877 The [[Texas and New Orleans Railway]] comes to the county.
* 1881 The [[Gonzales Branch Railroad]] is chartered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqg14|title=GONZALES BRANCH RAILROAD|last=BECK|first=YOUNG, NANCY|date=June 15, 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1885 The [[San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway]] runs through the county.
* 1894 [[John Wesley Hardin]] is released from prison and returns to Gonzales, where he passes the bar exam and practices law.
* 1898 Twenty-three county men serve, with two casualties, during the [[Spanish–American War]]. Three serve with the [[Rough Riders]].
* 1905 The Southern Pacific line bypasses the community of Rancho.
* [[World War I]] – 1,106 men from the county serve.
* 1935 – Governor [[James V. Allred]] dedicates a monument in the community of [[Cost, Texas|Cost]], commemorating the first shot of the Texas Revolution. Sculptor is [[Waldine A. Tauch]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/CentralTexasTownsSouth/Cost-Texas.htm|title=Cost, Texas; First Shot of the Texas Revolution Monument.|website=www.texasescapes.com|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fta36|title=TAUCH, WALDINE AMANDA|last=KENDALL|first=CURLEE|date=June 15, 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1936 Palmetto State Park opens to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/palmetto/|title=Palmetto State Park — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|website=www.tpwd.state.tx.us|language=en|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>
* 1939 The Gonzales Warm Springs Foundation opens for the treatment of polio.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://texashighways.com/eat/item/6097-gonzales-warm-springs-foundation|title=Gonzales Warm Springs Foundation - Texas Highways|access-date=July 24, 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* [[World War II]] – 3,000 men from Gonzales County serve, with 79 casualties.


==Geography==
==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1070|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1067|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|3.2|sqmi}} (0.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 27, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref>
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1070|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1067|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|3.2|sqmi}} (0.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 27, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref>


Directly connected to the {{jct|state=TX|US|183|I|10|SH|130}} corridor, the Gonzales County areas support [[average annual daily traffic]] rated at over 100,000 vehicles by the [[Texas Department of Transportation]]; due to its direct adjacency to [[Greater Austin]] and [[Greater San Antonio]].<ref name="TXDOT1">{{cite web |author1=State of Texas |title=Transportation Planning Maps |url=https://www.txdot.gov/inside-txdot/division/transportation-planning/maps.html |website=Transportation Planning/Programming |publisher=Texas Department of Transportation |access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref>
Directly connected to the {{jct|state=TX|US|183|I|10|SH|130}} corridor, the Gonzales County areas support [[average annual daily traffic]] rated at over 100,000 vehicles by the [[Texas Department of Transportation]]; due to its direct adjacency to [[Greater Austin]] and [[Greater San Antonio]].<ref name="TXDOT1">{{cite web |author1=State of Texas |title=Transportation Planning Maps |url=https://www.txdot.gov/inside-txdot/division/transportation-planning/maps.html |website=Transportation Planning/Programming |publisher=Texas Department of Transportation |access-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref>


===River crossings===
===River crossings===
Line 39: Line 89:
* North {{jct|state=TX|FM|466}} / Gonzales County Road 143 bridge; [[Monthalia, Texas|Monthalia]], West Gonzales County
* North {{jct|state=TX|FM|466}} / Gonzales County Road 143 bridge; [[Monthalia, Texas|Monthalia]], West Gonzales County
* North {{jct|state=TX|SH|97|US|183}} bridge; City of [[Gonzales, Texas]]
* North {{jct|state=TX|SH|97|US|183}} bridge; City of [[Gonzales, Texas]]
* East {{jct|state=TX|FM|2091}} / [[US Route 90 Alternate (Texas)|US 90A]] bridge; San Marcos River
* East [[US Route 90 Alternate (Texas)|US 90A]] / {{jct|state=TX|FM|2091}} bridge; San Marcos River, [[Ottine, Texas|Ottine]]


===Major highways===
===Major highways===
{{div col}}
{{div col}}
* [[Image:I-10 (TX).svg|20px]] [[Interstate 10 (Texas)|Interstate 10]], [[Belmont, Texas|Belmont]]-[[Ottine, Texas|Ottine]]-[[Waelder, Texas|Waelder]]
* {{jct|state=TX|I|10|US|90}}, [[Belmont, Texas|Belmont]]-[[Ottine, Texas|Ottine]]-[[Waelder, Texas|Waelder]] ([[San Antonio]]—[[Houston]])
* {{jct|state=TX|US|183|SH|80}}, Gonzales-to-[[Greater Austin|Austin]], Belmont-[[Leesville, Texas|Leesville]]-Nixon
* [[Image:US 183.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 183 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 183]], City of Gonzales
* [[Image:US 87.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 87 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 87]], [[Nixon, Texas|Nixon]]-[[Smiley, Texas|Smiley]]
* [[Image:US 87.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 87 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 87]], [[Nixon, Texas|Nixon]]-[[Smiley, Texas|Smiley]] to [[Floresville, Texas|Floresville]]
* [[Image:Texas 80.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 80|State Highway 80]], Belmont-[[Leesville, Texas|Leesville]]-Nixon
* [[Image:Texas 97.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 97|State Highway 97]], Waelder—City of Gonzales—[[Bebe, Texas|Bebe]]-Leesville
* [[Image:Texas 97.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 97|State Highway 97]], Waelder—City of Gonzales—[[Bebe, Texas|Bebe]]-Leesville
* [[Image:Texas 304.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 304|State Highway 304]], Gonzales-to-[[Bastrop, Texas|Bastrop]]
* [[Image:Texas 304.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 304|State Highway 304]], Gonzales-to-[[Bastrop, Texas|Bastrop]]
* [[Image:US 90.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 90 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 90]] (I-10 auxiliary)
* [[Image:Alternate plate.svg|20px]]<br>[[Image:US 90.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 90 Alternate (Texas)|U.S. Highway 90 Alternate]], Belmont—City of Gonzales (I-10 auxiliary)
* [[Image:Alternate plate.svg|20px]]<br>[[Image:US 90.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 90 Alternate (Texas)|U.S. Highway 90 Alternate]], Belmont—City of Gonzales (I-10 auxiliary)
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}

====Arteries====
The majority of the county's [[arterial roads]] have had their names removed and replaced by "County Road" numbered designations.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Road Redesignations |journal=Gonzales County Commissioners' Minutes |date=1900s}}</ref> Very few major roads remain properly named on record for Gonzales County, especially outside [[incorporated area]]s, including:

* Capote Road ({{jct|state=TX|FM|466}}), Belmont-Leesville to [[Seguin, Texas|Seguin]]
* Salt Lake Road (CR 266), North Ottine
* Harwood Road (CR 230), North [[Harwood, Texas|Harwood]] to City-of-Gonzales
* Double Live Oak Lane<ref>{{cite web |title=The Live Oak of Double Live Oak Lane |url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/wm10NCF_The_Live_Oak_of_Double_Live_Oak_Lane_Fayette_County_TX_near_Waelder_TX |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> ({{jct|state=TX|FM|1115}}), North Waelder


===Adjacent counties===
===Adjacent counties===
* [[Caldwell County, Texas|Caldwell County]] (north)
* [[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette County]] (northeast)
* [[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette County]] (northeast)
* [[Lavaca County, Texas|Lavaca County]] (east)
* [[Lavaca County, Texas|Lavaca County]] (east)
* [[DeWitt County, Texas|Dewitt County]] (southeast)
* [[DeWitt County, Texas|Dewitt County]] (south)
* [[Karnes County, Texas|Karnes County]] (southwest)
* [[Karnes County, Texas|Karnes County]] (southwest)
* [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]] (southwest)
* [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]] (west)
* [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe County]] (west)
* [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe County]] (northwest)

* [[Caldwell County, Texas|Caldwell County]] (northwest)
==Demographics==
{{Update|section|date=May 2021}}


===Demographics===
{{US Census population
{{US Census population
|1850= 1492
|1850= 1492
Line 81: Line 139:
|2000= 18628
|2000= 18628
|2010= 19807
|2010= 19807
|2020= 19653
|estyear=2019
|estyear=
|estimate=20837
|estimate=
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref><br />1850–2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf|title=Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010|publisher=Texas Almanac|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> 2010–2014<ref name="QF"/>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br />1850–2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010|publisher=Texas Almanac|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}
}}


{| class="wikitable"
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2011-05-14 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 18,628 people, 6,782 households, and 4,876 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 17 people per square mile (7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 8,194 housing units at an average density of 8 per square&nbsp;mile (3/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the county was 72.25% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 8.39% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.53% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.26% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 16.48% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.01% from two or more races. 39.62% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.
|+'''Gonzales County, Texas - Demographic Profile'''<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')

!Race / Ethnicity
There were 6,782 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.00% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.21.
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gonzales County, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US48177&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gonzales County, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US48177&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.00 males.
!% 2010

!% 2020
The median income for a household in the county was $28,368, and the median income for a family was $35,218. Males had a median income of $23,439 versus $17,027 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $14,269. About 13.80% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.60% of those under age 18 and 19.40% of those age 65 or over.

====Politics====
{{Hidden begin
|titlestyle = background:#ccccff;
|title = Presidential elections results
}}
{| align="center" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Third Party (United States)|Third parties]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2020|2020]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''73.6%''' ''5,627''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|25.5% ''1,948''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.0% ''73''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2016|2016]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''72.3%''' ''4,587''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|24.7% ''1,571''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|3.0% ''191''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2012|2012]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''69.6%''' ''4,216''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|29.3% ''1,777''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.1% ''64''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2008|2008]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''64.8%''' ''4,076''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|34.5% ''2,167''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.7% ''44''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2004|2004]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''71.3%''' ''4,291''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|28.4% ''1,709''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.4% ''22''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 2000|2000]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''67.4%''' ''4,092''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|30.9% ''1,877''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.7% ''100''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1996|1996]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''51.9%''' ''2,687''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|40.7% ''2,110''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|7.4% ''385''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1992|1992]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''45.0%''' ''2,502''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|36.1% ''2,006''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|18.9% ''1,049''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1988|1988]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''50.4%''' ''2,983''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|49.0% ''2,897''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.6% ''36''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1984|1984]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''64.2%''' ''3,962''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|35.6% ''2,196''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''14''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1980|1980]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''49.5%''' ''2,931''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|48.9% ''2,896''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.6% ''95''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1976|1976]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|35.6% ''1,789''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''64.1%''' ''3,219''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.4% ''18''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1972|1972]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''69.8%''' ''2,707''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|30.0% ''1,164''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.1% ''5''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1968|1968]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|33.6% ''1,476''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''44.0%''' ''1,930''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|22.4% ''983''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1964|1964]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|26.2% ''1,190''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''73.7%''' ''3,348''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''7''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1960|1960]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|36.2% ''1,554''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''63.6%''' ''2,730''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''7''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1956|1956]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|43.8% ''1,767''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''56.0%''' ''2,260''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.3% ''10''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1952|1952]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|46.7% ''2,249''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.2%''' ''2,563''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.1% ''3''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[United States presidential election in Texas, 1948|1948]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|18.5% ''666''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''72.6%''' ''2,612''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|8.9% ''321''
|-
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1944 United States presidential election|1944]]'''
|8,836
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|21.1% ''841''
|8,159
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''70.3%''' ''2,804''
|44.61%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|8.6% ''342''
|41.52%
|-
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1940 United States presidential election|1940]]'''
|1,353
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|19.4% ''722''
|1,075
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''80.6%''' ''3,008''
|6.83%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.1% ''2''
|5.47%
|-
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1936 United States presidential election|1936]]'''
|41
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|11.6% ''352''
|41
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''88.2%''' ''2,674''
|0.21%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''7''
|0.21%
|-
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1932 United States presidential election|1932]]'''
|73
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|9.0% ''337''
|63
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''90.8%''' ''3,384''
|0.37%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.2% ''7''
|0.32%
|-
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1928 United States presidential election|1928]]'''
|5
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|45.7% ''1,112''
|6
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''54.3%''' ''1,319''
|0.03%
| style="text-align:center;|
|0.03%
|-
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1924 United States presidential election|1924]]'''
|17
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|14.1% ''463''
|45
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''76.0%''' ''2,499''
|0.09%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|10.0% ''328''
|0.23%
|-
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1920 United States presidential election|1920]]'''
|129
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|30.1% ''748''
|367
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''52.3%''' ''1,299''
|0.65%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|17.6% ''437''
|1.87%
|-
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1916 United States presidential election|1916]]'''
|9,353
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|27.3% ''649''
|9,897
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''70.4%''' ''1,675''
|47.22%
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|2.4% ''57''
|50.36%
|-
|-
|'''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]'''
|'''19,807'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|17.4% ''318''
|'''19,653'''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''72.6%''' ''1,327''
|'''100.00%'''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|10.0% ''182''
|'''100.00%'''
|}
|}
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''
{{Hidden end}}


As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 18,628 people, 6,782 households, and 4,876 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|17|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 8,194 housing units at an average density of {{convert|8|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The racial makeup of the county was 72.25% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 8.39% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.53% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.26% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 16.48% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.01% from two or more races. 39.62% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.


There were 6,782 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.00% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.21.
==History==
{{Prose|section|date=December 2013}}
===Early history===
====Timeline====
* [[Paleo-Indians]] [[Hunter-gatherers]] were here thousands of years ago; the later [[Coahuiltecan]], [[Tonkawa]], and [[Karankawa]] migrated into the area in the 14th century, but lost much of their population by the 18th century due to new [[infection|infectious]] diseases contracted by contact with European explorers. The historic [[Comanche]] and [[Waco tribe]]s later migrated into the area and competed most with [[European Americans|European American]] settlers of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg07|title=GONZALES COUNTY|last=B.|first=BAUMGARTNER, DORCAS HUFF and VOLLENTINE, GENEVIEVE|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1519–1685 [[Hernando Cortez]] and [[Alonso Álvarez de Pineda]] claim Texas for [[Spain]].
* 1685–1690 [[France]] plants its flag on Texas soil, but departs after only five years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsjunction.com/facts/6flags.htm|title=A Texas Scrapbook: San Antonio's Military Plaza|website=www.lsjunction.com|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>


In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.00 males.
===19th-century===
====Timeline====
* 1821 [[Mexico]] won its independence from Spain. Citizens of the United States began to settle in Texas and were granted Mexican citizenship.
* 1825
:[[Green DeWitt]]'s petition for a land grant to establish a colony in Texas is approved by the Mexican government.
::[[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]] is established and named for Rafael Gonzales, governor of [[Coahuila y Tejas]].
* 1828 When [[Jean Louis Berlandier]] visits, he finds settler cabins, a fort-like barricade, agriculture and livestock, as well as nearby villages of Tonkawa and Karankawa.
* 1831 The [[Coahuila y Tejas]] government sends a six-pound cannon to Gonzales for settlers' protection against Indian raids.
* 1835
:The colony sends delegates to conventions (1832–1835) to discuss disagreements with Mexico.
::September – The Mexican government views the conventions as treason. Troops are sent to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon.
:::October 2 – The [[Battle of Gonzales]] becomes the first shots fired in the [[Texas Revolution]]. The colonists put up armed resistance, with the cannon pointed at the Mexican troops, and above it a banner proclaiming, "[[Come and take it]]". Commemoration of the event becomes the annual "Come and Take It Festival".<ref>[http://www.gonzalestexas.com/index.php/calender-of-events Gonzales C of C] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924075742/http://www.gonzalestexas.com/index.php/calender-of-events |date=2010-09-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qvg01|title=GONZALES "COME AND TAKE IT" CANNON|last=RICKS|first=LINDLEY, THOMAS|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
::::October 13 – December 9 – [[Siege of Bexar]] becomes the first major campaign of the Texas Revolution.
* 1836
:Gonzales County is established.
::February 23 – Alamo messenger Launcelot Smithers carries to the people of Gonzales, the [[William B. Travis|Colonel William Barret Travis]] letter stating the enemy is in sight and requesting men and provisions.
:::February 24 – Captain Albert Martin delivers to Smithers in Gonzales the infamous "Victory or Death" Travis letter addressed "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" stating the direness of the situation. Smithers then takes the letter to San Felipe,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hls10|title=SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN, TX|last=CHRISTOPHER|first=JACKSON, CHARLES|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref> site of the provisional Texas government.
::::February 27 – The [[Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers|Gonzales Alamo Relief Force of 32 men]], led by Lieutenant [[George C. Kimble]], depart to join the 130 fighters already at the Alamo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/gonreliefframe.htm|title=Wayback Machine: The DeWitt Colony Alamo Defenders|date=1998-12-02|website=Internet Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202210748/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/gonreliefframe.htm|archive-date=1998-12-02|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
:::::March 1 – The Gonzales [[Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers|"Immortal 32"]] make their way inside the Alamo.
::::::March 2 – [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] from Mexico establishes the [[Republic of Texas]].
:::::::March 6 – [[Battle of the Alamo|The Alamo]] falls.
::::::::March 13–14 – [[Susanna Dickinson]], the widow of the Alamo defender [[Almaron Dickinson]], arrives in Gonzales with her daughter Angelina and Colonel Travis' slave Joe. Upon hearing the news of the Alamo, [[Sam Houston]] orders the town of Gonzales torched to the ground, and establishes his headquarters under a county oak tree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/MikeCoxTexasTales/177-Sam-Houston-Oak.htm|title=Sam Houston Oak, Texas historic tree near Gonzales.|website=www.texasescapes.com|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5177004503 Texas Historical Markers, Sam Houston Oak] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928144339/http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5177004503 |date=2011-09-28 }}</ref>
* 1838 Gonzales men found the town of [[Seguin, Texas|Walnut Springs]] (later Seguin) in the northwest section of the county.
* 1840 Gonzales men join the [[Battle of Plum Creek]] against [[Buffalo Hump]] and his Comanches.
* 1850 Gonzales College is founded by slave-owning planters, and is the first institution in Texas to confer A.B. degrees on women.
* 1853 The ''Gonzales Inquirer'' begins publication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gonzalesinquirer.com/|title=The Gonzales Inquirer|website=www.gonzalesinquirer.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1860 County population is 8,059, including 3,168 slaves.
* 1861
:County votes 802–80 in favor of [[Texas in the American Civil War|secession]] from the Union.
::February 1 – Texas [[Ordinance of Secession|secedes]] from the Union
:::March 2 – Texas joins the [[Confederate States of America]]
* 1866–1876 The [[Sutton–Taylor feud]], which involves outlaw [[John Wesley Hardin]], and is reportedly the bloodiest and longest in Texas history. Hardin's men are known to have stayed in the community of [[Pilgrim, Texas|Pilgrim]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jcs03|title=SUTTON-TAYLOR FEUD|last=L.|first=SONNICHSEN, C.|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/tx-suttontaylor.html|title=The Sutton-Taylor Feud of DeWitt County, Texas – Legends of America|website=www.legendsofamerica.com|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1870, March 30 – The [[United States Congress]] readmits Texas into the Union.
* 1874 The [[Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway]] is built through the eastern and northern part of the county.
* 1877 The [[Texas and New Orleans Railway]] comes to the county.
* 1881 The [[Gonzales Branch Railroad]] is chartered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqg14|title=GONZALES BRANCH RAILROAD|last=BECK|first=YOUNG, NANCY|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1885 The [[San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway]] runs through the county.
* 1894 [[John Wesley Hardin]] is released from prison and returns to Gonzales, where he passes the bar exam and practices law.
* 1898 Twenty-three county men serve, with two casualties, during the [[Spanish–American War]]. Three serve with the [[Rough Riders]].


The median income for a household in the county was $28,368, and the median income for a family was $35,218. Males had a median income of $23,439 versus $17,027 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $14,269. About 13.80% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.60% of those under age 18 and 19.40% of those age 65 or over.
===20th-century===
====Timeline====
* 1905 The Southern Pacific line bypasses the community of Rancho.
* [[World War I]] – 1,106 men from the county serve.
* 1935 – Governor [[James V. Allred]] dedicates a monument in the community of [[Cost, Texas|Cost]], commemorating the first shot of the Texas Revolution. Sculptress is [[Waldine A. Tauch]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/CentralTexasTownsSouth/Cost-Texas.htm|title=Cost, Texas; First Shot of the Texas Revolution Monument.|website=www.texasescapes.com|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fta36|title=TAUCH, WALDINE AMANDA|last=KENDALL|first=CURLEE|date=2010-06-15|website=www.tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1936 Palmetto State Park opens to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/palmetto/|title=Palmetto State Park — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|website=www.tpwd.state.tx.us|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
* 1939 The Gonzales Warm Springs Foundation opens for the treatment of polio.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://texashighways.com/eat/item/6097-gonzales-warm-springs-foundation|title=Gonzales Warm Springs Foundation - Texas Highways|access-date=2018-07-24|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* [[World War II]] – 3,000 men from Gonzales County serve, with 79 casualties.


==See also==
==Politics==
{{PresHead|place=Gonzales County, Texas|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Portal|Texas}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Gonzales County, Texas]]
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|5,627|1,948|73|Texas}}
* [[List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (Eastland-Gray)#Gonzales County|Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Gonzales County]]
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|4,587|1,571|191|Texas}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|4,216|1,777|64|Texas}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|4,076|2,167|44|Texas}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|4,291|1,709|22|Texas}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|4,092|1,877|100|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|2,687|2,110|385|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|2,502|2,006|1,049|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|2,983|2,897|36|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|3,962|2,196|14|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|2,931|2,896|95|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|1,789|3,219|18|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|2,707|1,164|5|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|1,476|1,930|983|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|1,190|3,348|7|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|1,554|2,730|7|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|1,767|2,260|10|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|2,249|2,563|3|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|666|2,612|321|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|841|2,804|342|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|722|3,008|2|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|352|2,674|7|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|337|3,384|7|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|1,112|1,319|0|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|463|2,499|328|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|748|1,299|437|Texas}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|649|1,675|57|Texas}}
{{PresFoot|1912|Democratic|318|1,327|182|Texas}}


===Communities===
==Communities==
====Cities====
===Cities===
* [[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]] (county seat)
* [[Gonzales, Texas|Gonzales]] (county seat)
* [[Nixon, Texas|Nixon]] (small part in [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]])
* [[Nixon, Texas|Nixon]] (small part in [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]])
Line 321: Line 258:
* [[Waelder, Texas|Waelder]]
* [[Waelder, Texas|Waelder]]


====Unincorporated areas====
===Unincorporated areas===
* [[Bebe, Texas|Bebe]]
* [[Bebe, Texas|Bebe]]
* [[Belmont, Texas|Belmont]]
* [[Belmont, Texas|Belmont]]
Line 327: Line 264:
* [[Ottine, Texas|Ottine]]
* [[Ottine, Texas|Ottine]]


====Ghost towns====
===Ghost towns===
{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
* [[Albuquerque, Texas|Albuquerque]]
* [[Albuquerque, Texas|Albuquerque]]
Line 338: Line 275:
* [[Wrightsboro, Texas|Wrightsboro]]
* [[Wrightsboro, Texas|Wrightsboro]]
{{colend}}
{{colend}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Texas}}
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Gonzales County, Texas]]
* [[List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (Eastland-Gray)#Gonzales County|Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Gonzales County]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 15:11, 27 April 2024

Gonzales County
County
Map
Map of Texas highlighting Gonzales County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 29°27′N 97°29′W / 29.45°N 97.49°W / 29.45; -97.49
Country United States
State Texas
Founded1837
Named forCity of Gonzales
SeatGonzales
Largest cityGonzales
Area
 • Total1,070 sq mi (2,800 km2)
 • Land1,067 sq mi (2,760 km2)
 • Water3.2 sq mi (8 km2)  0.3%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total19,653
 • Density18/sq mi (7.1/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district27th
Websitewww.co.gonzales.tx.us
The Gonzales County Courthouse. The Second Empire style building was added to National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Gonzales County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas, adjacent to Greater Austin-San Antonio. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,653.[1] The county is named for its county seat, the city of Gonzales.[2] The county was created in 1836 and organized the following year.[3][4] As of August 2020, under strict budgetary limitations, the County of Gonzales government-body is unique in that it claims to have no commercial paper, regarding it as "the absence of any county debt."[5]

According to the census, all areas county-wide had $188,099,000 in total annual payroll (2016), $550,118,900 (±39,442,212; 2018) in aggregate annual income, and $238,574,000 in total annual retail sales (2012). In 2018, the census valued all real estate in the county at an aggregate $795,242,300 (±74,643,103); with an aggregate $29,058,000 of real estate being listed for sale and $173,100 listed for rent. In the same year, approximately, the top 5% of households made an average of $361,318; the top 20% averaged at $188,699; the fourth quintile at $79,601; the third quintile (median income) at $53,317; the second quintile at $31,238; and the lowest at $13,339.[6] The Texas Almanac rated all categories of land in the county at an aggregate value of $5.6-billion.[7]

History

Green DeWitt's petition for a land grant to establish a colony in Texas is approved by the Mexican government.
Gonzales is established and named for Rafael Gonzales, governor of Coahuila y Tejas.
  • 1828 When Jean Louis Berlandier visits, he finds settler cabins, a fort-like barricade, agriculture and livestock, as well as nearby villages of Tonkawa and Karankawa.
  • 1831 The Coahuila y Tejas government sends a six-pound cannon to Gonzales for settlers' protection against Indian raids.
  • 1835
The colony sends delegates to conventions (1832–1835) to discuss disagreements with Mexico.
September – The Mexican government views the conventions as treason. Troops are sent to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon.
October 2 – The Battle of Gonzales becomes the first shots fired in the Texas Revolution. The colonists put up armed resistance, with the cannon pointed at the Mexican troops, and above it a banner proclaiming, "Come and take it". Commemoration of the event becomes the annual "Come and Take It Festival".[10][11]
October 13 – December 9 – Siege of Bexar becomes the first major campaign of the Texas Revolution.
  • 1836
Gonzales County is established.
February 23 – Alamo messenger Launcelot Smithers carries to the people of Gonzales, the Colonel William Barret Travis letter stating the enemy is in sight and requesting men and provisions.
February 24 – Captain Albert Martin delivers to Smithers in Gonzales the infamous "Victory or Death" Travis letter addressed "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" stating the direness of the situation. Smithers then takes the letter to San Felipe,[12] site of the provisional Texas government.
February 27 – The Gonzales Alamo Relief Force of 32 men, led by Lieutenant George C. Kimble, depart to join the 130 fighters already at the Alamo.[13]
March 1 – The Gonzales "Immortal 32" make their way inside the Alamo.
March 2 – Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico establishes the Republic of Texas.
March 6 – The Alamo falls.
March 13–14 – Susanna Dickinson, the widow of the Alamo defender Almaron Dickinson, arrives in Gonzales with her daughter Angelina and Colonel Travis' slave Joe. Upon hearing the news of the Alamo, Sam Houston orders the town of Gonzales torched to the ground, and establishes his headquarters under a county oak tree.[14][15]
  • 1838 Gonzales men found the town of Walnut Springs (later Seguin) in the northwest section of the county.
  • 1840 Gonzales men join the Battle of Plum Creek against Buffalo Hump and his Comanches.
  • 1850 Gonzales College is founded by slave-owning planters, and is the first institution in Texas to confer A.B. degrees on women.
  • 1853 The Gonzales Inquirer begins publication.[16]
  • 1860 County population is 8,059, including 3,168 slaves.
  • 1861
County votes 802–80 in favor of secession from the Union.
February 1 – Texas secedes from the Union
March 2 – Texas joins the Confederate States of America

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.[24]

Directly connected to the US 183 / I-10 / SH 130 corridor, the Gonzales County areas support average annual daily traffic rated at over 100,000 vehicles by the Texas Department of Transportation; due to its direct adjacency to Greater Austin and Greater San Antonio.[25]

River crossings

Gonzales County and the Texas Department of Transportation provide bridges across the Guadalupe River and the San Marcos River.

Major highways

Arteries

The majority of the county's arterial roads have had their names removed and replaced by "County Road" numbered designations.[26] Very few major roads remain properly named on record for Gonzales County, especially outside incorporated areas, including:

  • Capote Road ( FM 466), Belmont-Leesville to Seguin
  • Salt Lake Road (CR 266), North Ottine
  • Harwood Road (CR 230), North Harwood to City-of-Gonzales
  • Double Live Oak Lane[27] ( FM 1115), North Waelder

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18501,492—
18608,059440.1%
18708,95111.1%
188014,84065.8%
189018,01621.4%
190028,88260.3%
191028,055−2.9%
192028,4381.4%
193028,337−0.4%
194026,075−8.0%
195021,164−18.8%
196017,845−15.7%
197016,375−8.2%
198016,8833.1%
199017,2051.9%
200018,6288.3%
201019,8076.3%
202019,653−0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[28]
1850–2010[29] 2010[30] 2020[31]
Gonzales County, Texas - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[30] Pop 2020[31] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 8,836 8,159 44.61% 41.52%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,353 1,075 6.83% 5.47%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 41 41 0.21% 0.21%
Asian alone (NH) 73 63 0.37% 0.32%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 5 6 0.03% 0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 17 45 0.09% 0.23%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 129 367 0.65% 1.87%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 9,353 9,897 47.22% 50.36%
Total 19,807 19,653 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

As of the census[32] of 2000, there were 18,628 people, 6,782 households, and 4,876 families residing in the county. The population density was 17 people per square mile (6.6 people/km2). There were 8,194 housing units at an average density of 8 units per square mile (3.1/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 72.25% White, 8.39% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 16.48% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. 39.62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,782 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.00% were married couples living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,368, and the median income for a family was $35,218. Males had a median income of $23,439 versus $17,027 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,269. About 13.80% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.60% of those under age 18 and 19.40% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

United States presidential election results for Gonzales County, Texas[33]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 5,627 73.57% 1,948 25.47% 73 0.95%
2016 4,587 72.25% 1,571 24.74% 191 3.01%
2012 4,216 69.61% 1,777 29.34% 64 1.06%
2008 4,076 64.83% 2,167 34.47% 44 0.70%
2004 4,291 71.26% 1,709 28.38% 22 0.37%
2000 4,092 67.42% 1,877 30.93% 100 1.65%
1996 2,687 51.85% 2,110 40.72% 385 7.43%
1992 2,502 45.02% 2,006 36.10% 1,049 18.88%
1988 2,983 50.42% 2,897 48.97% 36 0.61%
1984 3,962 64.19% 2,196 35.58% 14 0.23%
1980 2,931 49.49% 2,896 48.90% 95 1.60%
1976 1,789 35.59% 3,219 64.05% 18 0.36%
1972 2,707 69.84% 1,164 30.03% 5 0.13%
1968 1,476 33.63% 1,930 43.97% 983 22.40%
1964 1,190 26.18% 3,348 73.66% 7 0.15%
1960 1,554 36.22% 2,730 63.62% 7 0.16%
1956 1,767 43.77% 2,260 55.98% 10 0.25%
1952 2,249 46.71% 2,563 53.23% 3 0.06%
1948 666 18.51% 2,612 72.58% 321 8.92%
1944 841 21.09% 2,804 70.33% 342 8.58%
1940 722 19.35% 3,008 80.60% 2 0.05%
1936 352 11.61% 2,674 88.16% 7 0.23%
1932 337 9.04% 3,384 90.77% 7 0.19%
1928 1,112 45.74% 1,319 54.26% 0 0.00%
1924 463 14.07% 2,499 75.96% 328 9.97%
1920 748 30.11% 1,299 52.29% 437 17.59%
1916 649 27.26% 1,675 70.35% 57 2.39%
1912 318 17.41% 1,327 72.63% 182 9.96%

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated areas

Ghost towns

See also

References

  1. ^ "Gonzales County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Dorcas Huff Baumgartner; Genevieve B. Vollentine (June 15, 2010). "Gonzales County". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  4. ^ "Gonzales County". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  5. ^ Sjoberg, Brooke. "Pay a concern at meeting". The Gonzales Inquirer. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  6. ^ "Gonzales County, Texas". Census Data. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  7. ^ "Gonzales County". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  8. ^ Dorcas Huff, Baumgartner; Vollentine, Genevieve B. (June 15, 2010). "Gonzales County". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  9. ^ "A Texas Scrapbook: San Antonio's Military Plaza". www.lsjunction.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  10. ^ Gonzales C of C Archived September 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ RICKS, LINDLEY, THOMAS (June 15, 2010). "GONZALES "COME AND TAKE IT" CANNON". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ CHRISTOPHER, JACKSON, CHARLES (June 15, 2010). "SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN, TX". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Wayback Machine: The DeWitt Colony Alamo Defenders". Internet Archive. December 2, 1998. Archived from the original on December 2, 1998. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  14. ^ "Sam Houston Oak, Texas historic tree near Gonzales". www.texasescapes.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  15. ^ Texas Historical Markers, Sam Houston Oak Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "The Gonzales Inquirer". www.gonzalesinquirer.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  17. ^ L., SONNICHSEN, C. (June 15, 2010). "SUTTON-TAYLOR FEUD". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "The Sutton-Taylor Feud of DeWitt County, Texas – Legends of America". www.legendsofamerica.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  19. ^ BECK, YOUNG, NANCY (June 15, 2010). "GONZALES BRANCH RAILROAD". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "Cost, Texas; First Shot of the Texas Revolution Monument". www.texasescapes.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  21. ^ KENDALL, CURLEE (June 15, 2010). "TAUCH, WALDINE AMANDA". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  22. ^ "Palmetto State Park — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department". www.tpwd.state.tx.us. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  23. ^ "Gonzales Warm Springs Foundation - Texas Highways". Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  24. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  25. ^ State of Texas. "Transportation Planning Maps". Transportation Planning/Programming. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  26. ^ "Road Redesignations". Gonzales County Commissioners' Minutes. 1900s.
  27. ^ "The Live Oak of Double Live Oak Lane". Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  28. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  29. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  30. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gonzales County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  31. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Gonzales County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  32. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  33. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 24, 2018.

29°27′N 97°29′W / 29.45°N 97.49°W / 29.45; -97.49

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