Jump to content

9M17 Fleyta: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
category
 
(17 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Redirect|AT-2|the German anti-tank mine|AT2 mine}}
{{Redirect|AT-2|the German anti-tank mine|AT2 mine}}
{{more footnotes|date=November 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| name = 3M11 / 9M17<br><small>AT-2 Swatter</small>
| name = 3M11 / 9M17<br><small>AT-2 Swatter</small>
| image = AT-2c Swatter.JPG
| image = AT-2c Swatter.JPG
| image_size = 300
| image_size = 300
| caption = AT-2C Swatter
| caption = 3M11 Fleyta
| origin = Soviet Union
| origin = Soviet Union
| type = [[Anti-tank missile]]
| type = [[Anti-tank missile]]
Line 23: Line 23:
| spec_label =
| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|27|kg|lb}}
| weight = {{convert|27|kg|lb}}
| length = {{convert|116|cm|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|1160|mm|abbr=on}}
| part_length =
| part_length =
| width =
| width =
Line 38: Line 38:
| guidance = Radio command
| guidance = Radio command
| steering = [[MCLOS]]
| steering = [[MCLOS]]
| wingspan = {{convert|68|cm|abbr=on}}
| wingspan = {{convert|680|mm|abbr=on}}
| propellant =
| propellant =
| ceiling =
| ceiling =
Line 49: Line 49:
}}
}}


The '''AT-2''' ''Swatter'' is the [[NATO reporting name]] for the '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' (flute) [[SACLOS]] radio command [[anti-tank missile]] of the [[Soviet Union]].
The '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' (flute, [[NATO reporting name]] '''AT-2''' ''Swatter'') is a [[Soviet]] [[MCLOS]] radio command [[anti-tank missile]]. Various improved versions were designated '''9M17''' ''Falanga''


==Development==
==Development==
The missile was developed by the Nudelman OKB-16 design bureau. It was developed at about the same time as the [[AT-1 Snapper]] as a heavy [[ATGM]] for use on both ground launchers and helicopters. It addressed some of the problems of the AT-1; it was much faster, and had slightly longer range. These improvements were achieved by sending commands via a radio link instead of a trailing guidance wire, which allowed the missile to travel faster. However, it did make it vulnerable to jamming. The missile system was shown to Soviet premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] in September 1964, and accepted for service shortly afterwards.
The missile was developed by the Nudelman OKB-16 design bureau. It was developed at about the same time as the [[3M6 Shmel]] as a heavy [[ATGM]] for use on both ground launchers and helicopters. It addressed some of the problems of the 3M6; it was much faster, and had slightly longer range. These improvements were achieved by sending commands via a radio link instead of a trailing guidance wire, which allowed the missile to travel faster. However, it did make it vulnerable to jamming. The missile system was shown to Soviet premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] in September 1964, and accepted for service shortly afterwards.


==History==
==History==
[[File:AT-2b Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|AT-2B Swatter missile]]
[[File:AT-2b Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|9M17 Falanga missile]]
The '''AT-2''' was the first Soviet ATGM to be deployed from helicopters. Small numbers were fitted to the [[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4AV]]. The missile was deployed on the [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8 Hip]] as well as the [[Mi-24]] and Mi-25 'Hind' series of helicopters. It was also deployed on the [[BRDM-1]] and [[BRDM-2]] infantry fighting vehicles.
The '''3M11''' was the first Soviet ATGM to be deployed from helicopters. Small numbers were fitted to the [[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4AV]]. The missile was deployed on the [[Mil Mi-8]] as well as the [[Mi-24]] and Mi-25 series of helicopters. It was also deployed on the [[BRDM-1]] and [[BRDM-2]] infantry fighting vehicles.


The original '''AT-2A''' ('''3M11''' ''Fleyta'') missile was problematic; one Russian source describes the missile as "notable for its complexity and low reliability". Also, the missile's range was felt to be inadequate. An improved version of the missile was developed: the '''AT-2B''' ('''9M17''' ''Falanga''). Externally, the missiles are very similar, however the AT-2B range is increased to 3.5&nbsp;km. The standard production version was the '''9M17M''' ''Falanga-M'', which entered service in 1968.
The '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' was problematic; one Russian source describes the missile as "notable for its complexity and low reliability". Also, the missile's range was felt to be inadequate. An improved version of the missile was developed: the '''9M17''' ''Falanga'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2B'''). Externally, the missiles are very similar, however the 9M17 range is increased to 3.5&nbsp;km. The standard production version was the '''9M17M''' ''Falanga-M'', which entered service in 1968.


The next development was to integrate [[SACLOS]] guidance, resulting in the '''AT-2''' ''Swatter-C'' or '''9M17P''' ''Falanga-P''. It entered service in 1969. A product improved version the 9M17MP was developed that had an improved engine and signal lamp.
The next development was to integrate [[SACLOS]] guidance, resulting in the '''9M17P''' ''Falanga-P'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2''' ''Swatter-C''). It entered service in 1969. A product improved version the 9M17MP was developed that had an improved engine and signal lamp.


The missile has been used extensively in the following wars on the Mi-24 platform.
The missile has been used extensively in the following wars on the Mi-24 platform.
Line 67: Line 67:
* 1980s [[Iran–Iraq War]]
* 1980s [[Iran–Iraq War]]
* [[1982 Lebanon War]]
* [[1982 Lebanon War]]
* 1973s Israel and Egypt War 6 October


It was replaced in Soviet service by the [[9K114 Shturm]] ATGM.
It was replaced in Soviet service by the [[9K114 Shturm]] ATGM.


== General characteristics (AT-2 Swatter A) ==
== General characteristics (3M11 Fleyta) ==
[[File:AT-2a Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|AT-2A Swatter missile]]
[[File:AT-2a Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|3M11 Fleyta missile]]
* '''Length''': 1,160&nbsp;mm
* '''Length''': 1,160&nbsp;mm
* '''Wingspan''': 680&nbsp;mm
* '''Wingspan''': 680&nbsp;mm
Line 80: Line 81:
* '''Time to maximum range''': 17 seconds
* '''Time to maximum range''': 17 seconds
* '''Guidance''': Radio command [[MCLOS]]
* '''Guidance''': Radio command [[MCLOS]]
* '''Warhead''': 5.4&nbsp;kg [[HEAT]] 500&nbsp;mm vs [[Rolled homogeneous armour|RHA]]；maximum 650&nbsp;mm vs RHA for improved variant.<ref>http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/falanga_pv/falanga_pv.shtml</ref>
* '''Warhead''': 5.4&nbsp;kg [[HEAT]] 500&nbsp;mm vs [[Rolled homogeneous armour|RHA]]；maximum 650&nbsp;mm vs RHA for improved variant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://missilery.info/missile/falanga-pv|title=Противотанковый ракетный комплекс Фаланга-ПВ &#124; Ракетная техника|website=missilery.info}}</ref>


==Models==
==Models==
* '''AT-2A''' ''Swatter A'' [[MCLOS]]
* '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' [[MCLOS]] (NATO reporting name '''AT-2A''' ''Swatter A'')

** '''3M11''' / '''9M11'''
* '''AT-2B''' ''Swatter B'' Range increased to 3.5&nbsp;km.
* '''9M17''' ''Falanga'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2B''' ''Swatter B''): Range increased to 3.5&nbsp;km.
⚫
** '''9M17DB''' Modified system to work with the [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8TB]]
** '''9M17'''

⚫
** '''9M17DB''' Modified system to work with the [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8]]TB (Hip-E).
** '''9M17M''' ''Phalanx-M'' [[MCLOS]] 9K8 (Falanga-M). Launch weight {{convert|29|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, Maximum range 3,500&nbsp;m. First seen in the 1973 Moscow Parade.
* '''9M17M''' ''Falanga-M'' [[MCLOS]]: Launch weight {{convert|29|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, maximum range 3,500&nbsp;m. First seen in the 1973 Moscow Parade.

* '''AT-2C''' ''Swatter C'' [[SACLOS]] Falanga-PV (9K8 Fleyta). Launch weight 29&nbsp;kg.
** '''9M17P''' First [[SACLOS]] version.
* '''9M17P''' ''Falanga-P'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2C''' ''Swatter C''): First [[SACLOS]] version.. Launch weight 29&nbsp;kg.
** '''9M17MP''' Improved engine and guidance lamp. Maximum range 4,000&nbsp;m.
** '''9M17MP''' Improved engine and guidance lamp. Maximum range 4,000&nbsp;m.
** '''9M17N'''
** '''9M17N'''


==Operators==
==Operators==
[[File:9M17 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 9M17 operators in blue and former operators in red]]
[[File:9M17 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Operators:{{legend|#0b60d4|Current}}{{legend|#dc0023|Former}}]]


===Current operators===
===Current operators===
*{{ANG}} - 9M17M Falanga-M.<ref name="IISS2023">{{cite book |last1=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st}}</ref>{{rp|434}}
*{{flag|Afghanistan}}
*{{HUN}} - 3M11 Falanga. <ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|102}}
*{{flag|Angola}}
*{{NIC}} - 9M17 Skorpion.<ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|408}}
*{{flag|Bulgaria}}
*{{flag|Cuba}}
*{{flag|Cyprus}}
*{{flag|Egypt}}
*{{flag|Hungary}}
*{{flag|India}}
*{{flag|Libya}}
*{{flag|North Korea}}
*{{flag|Peru}}
*{{flag|Romania}}
*{{flag|Syria}}
*{{flag|Vietnam}}
*{{flag|Yemen}}


===Former operators===
===Former operators===
*{{AFG}} - Used on Mi-24A attack helicopters.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Trade Registers |url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
⚫
*{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} - passed on to successor states.
*{{flag|Czech Republic}}
*{{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{CZS}}<ref name="Janes">{{cite book |last1=V. Hogg |first1=Ian |title=Jane's infantry weapons 1988-89 |date=1988 |publisher=Jane's Pub. Co |location=London |isbn=978-0710608574 |edition=14th}}</ref>{{rp|768}} - passed on to successor states.
⚫
*{{GDR}} – Used on Mi-24D, and subsequently passed on to the unified German state, and retired soon after.
*{{CZE}}
⚫
*{{flag|Iraq|1991}} - Out of use since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].
⚫
*{{GDR}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|768}} – Used on Mi-24D, and subsequently passed on to the unified German state, and retired soon after.
⚫
*{{flag|Poland}} - only used on Mi-24D, withdrawn from service.
*{{EGY}}<ref name="IISS1989">{{cite book |last1=[[Institute for Strategic Studies]] |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694}}</ref>{{rp|98}}
⚫
*{{flag|Iraq|1991}} - Used on Mi-24.<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|101}} Out of use since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].
*{{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}} - Mounted on helicopters.<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|108}}
*{{PER}} - Used on Mi-24D helicopters.<ref name="SIPRI" />
⚫
*{{POL}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|772}} - only used on Mi-24D, withdrawn from service.
*{{RUS}} - Missiles using as targets for training.
*{{RUS}} - Missiles using as targets for training.
*{{ROM}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|772}}
*{{flag|Slovakia}}
*{{SVK}}
*{{USSR}} - passed on to successor states.
⚫
*{{USSR}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|34}} - passed on to successor states.
*{{flag|South Yemen}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|118}} - Passed on to the unified Republic of Yemen.
*{{SYR}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|115}}
*{{YEM}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance. 1991-1992. |date=1991 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080413259 |page=123|author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
Line 132: Line 130:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at2swatter.htm
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at2swatter.htm AT - 2 SWATTER Anti-Tank Guided Missile]


{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}


[[Category:Anti-tank missiles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Anti-tank missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]

Latest revision as of 14:35, 28 April 2024

"AT-2" redirects here. For the German anti-tank mine, see AT2 mine.
3M11 / 9M17
AT-2 Swatter
3M11 Fleyta
TypeAnti-tank missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1964-present
Production history
DesignerNudelman OKB-16
Specifications
Mass27 kilograms (60 lb)
Length1,160 mm (46 in)
Diameter148 mm (5.8 in)
Wingspan680 mm (27 in)
WarheadHEAT
Warhead weight5.4 kg (12 lb)
EngineSolid fuel rocket
Operational
range
0.5 to 2.5 kilometres (0.31 to 1.55 mi)
Maximum speed 160 m/s (360 mph)
Guidance
system
Radio command
Steering
system
MCLOS
Launch
platform
Mi-4, Mi-8, Mi-24, Mi-25, BRDM-1, BRDM-2

The 3M11 Fleyta (flute, NATO reporting name AT-2 Swatter) is a Soviet MCLOS radio command anti-tank missile. Various improved versions were designated 9M17 Falanga

Development

[edit]

The missile was developed by the Nudelman OKB-16 design bureau. It was developed at about the same time as the 3M6 Shmel as a heavy ATGM for use on both ground launchers and helicopters. It addressed some of the problems of the 3M6; it was much faster, and had slightly longer range. These improvements were achieved by sending commands via a radio link instead of a trailing guidance wire, which allowed the missile to travel faster. However, it did make it vulnerable to jamming. The missile system was shown to Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev in September 1964, and accepted for service shortly afterwards.

History

[edit]
9M17 Falanga missile

The 3M11 was the first Soviet ATGM to be deployed from helicopters. Small numbers were fitted to the Mi-4AV. The missile was deployed on the Mil Mi-8 as well as the Mi-24 and Mi-25 series of helicopters. It was also deployed on the BRDM-1 and BRDM-2 infantry fighting vehicles.

The 3M11 Fleyta was problematic; one Russian source describes the missile as "notable for its complexity and low reliability". Also, the missile's range was felt to be inadequate. An improved version of the missile was developed: the 9M17 Falanga (NATO reporting name AT-2B). Externally, the missiles are very similar, however the 9M17 range is increased to 3.5 km. The standard production version was the 9M17M Falanga-M, which entered service in 1968.

The next development was to integrate SACLOS guidance, resulting in the 9M17P Falanga-P (NATO reporting name AT-2 Swatter-C). It entered service in 1969. A product improved version the 9M17MP was developed that had an improved engine and signal lamp.

The missile has been used extensively in the following wars on the Mi-24 platform.

It was replaced in Soviet service by the 9K114 Shturm ATGM.

General characteristics (3M11 Fleyta)

[edit]
3M11 Fleyta missile
  • Length: 1,160 mm
  • Wingspan: 680 mm
  • Diameter: 148 mm
  • Launch weight: 27.0 kg
  • Speed: 150–170 m/s
  • Range: 500 m - 2.5 km
  • Time to maximum range: 17 seconds
  • Guidance: Radio command MCLOS
  • Warhead: 5.4 kg HEAT 500 mm vs RHA；maximum 650 mm vs RHA for improved variant.[1]

Models

[edit]
  • 3M11 Fleyta MCLOS (NATO reporting name AT-2A Swatter A)
  • 9M17 Falanga (NATO reporting name AT-2B Swatter B): Range increased to 3.5 km.
    • 9M17DB Modified system to work with the Mi-8TB
  • 9M17M Falanga-M MCLOS: Launch weight 29 kg (64 lb), maximum range 3,500 m. First seen in the 1973 Moscow Parade.
  • 9M17P Falanga-P (NATO reporting name AT-2C Swatter C): First SACLOS version.. Launch weight 29 kg.
    • 9M17MP Improved engine and guidance lamp. Maximum range 4,000 m.
    • 9M17N

Operators

[edit]
Operators:
  Current
  Former

Current operators

[edit]

Former operators

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-01-5.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Противотанковый ракетный комплекс Фаланга-ПВ | Ракетная техника". missilery.info.
  2. ^ a b c International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). The Military Balance 2023 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1032508955.
  3. ^ a b c "Trade Registers". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d V. Hogg, Ian (1988). Jane's infantry weapons 1988-89 (14th ed.). London: Jane's Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0710608574.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Institute for Strategic Studies (1989). The military balance, 1989-1990. London: Brassey's. ISBN 978-0080375694.
  6. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (1991). The military balance. 1991-1992. London: Brassey's. p. 123. ISBN 978-0080413259.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 3M11 Falanga.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=9M17_Fleyta&oldid=1221207705"