Frederick William Andrewes: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|English physician, pathologist and bacteriologist}} |
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| name = Sir Frederick William Andrewes |
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'''Sir Frederick William Andrewes''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRCP|FRS}} ( |
'''Sir Frederick William Andrewes''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRCP|FRS}} (31 March 1859 – 24 February 1932) was an English physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist.<ref name=Munk>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/101|title=Frederick William (Sir) Andrewes|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Sir Frederick Andrewes, F.R.S., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=5 March 1932|volume=1|issue=3713|pages=451–452|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451|pmid=20776717|pmc=2520450}} [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451 page 451] [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.452 page 452]</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.<ref name=Munk/> He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,<ref name=RSBM/> he began in 1885 his clinical training at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College]], where he learned bacteriology from [[Emanuel Edward Klein]] and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/2499|title=Alfred Antunes Kanthack|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref> In 1887 Andrewes graduated there [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery#United Kingdom|BM (Oxon.)]] and qualified [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland|MRCS]]. At [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] he was house physician to [[James Andrew (physician)|James Andrew]] and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.<ref name=BMJ/> Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital<ref name=RSBM/> and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the [[Royal Free Hospital]]. He qualified MRCP in 1889.<ref name=RSBM/> In 1891 he graduated [[Doctor of Public Health|DPH (Cantab)]].<ref name=BMJ/> In the 1890s he graduated [[Doctor of Medicine#United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries|MD (Oxon.)]]. In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to [[Archibald Garrod]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Changes in the medical schools and hospitals|date=1 September 1894|journal=The Lancet|volume=2|page=551|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015046944099;view=1up;seq=569}}</ref> In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.<ref name=RSBM/> |
After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.<ref name=Munk/> He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,<ref name=RSBM/> he began in 1885 his clinical training at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College]], where he learned bacteriology from [[Emanuel Edward Klein]] and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/2499|title=Alfred Antunes Kanthack|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref> In 1887 Andrewes graduated there [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery#United Kingdom|BM (Oxon.)]] and qualified [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland|MRCS]]. At [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] he was house physician to [[James Andrew (physician)|James Andrew]] and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.<ref name=BMJ/> Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital<ref name=RSBM/> and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the [[Royal Free Hospital]]. He qualified MRCP in 1889.<ref name=RSBM/> In 1891 he graduated [[Doctor of Public Health|DPH (Cantab)]].<ref name=BMJ/> In the 1890s he graduated [[Doctor of Medicine#United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries|MD (Oxon.)]]. In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to [[Archibald Garrod]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Changes in the medical schools and hospitals|date=1 September 1894|journal=The Lancet|volume=2|issue=3705|page=551|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015046944099;view=1up;seq=569|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58828-5 }}</ref> In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.<ref name=RSBM/> |
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He did research on the classification of streptococci,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|author2=Horder, Thomas J.|title=A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man|journal=The Lancet|volume=168|issue=4334|year=1906|pages=775–783|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001804888;view=1up;seq=845}}</ref> the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,<ref name=Munk/> and arterial degeneration.<ref name=RSBM/> |
He did research on the classification of streptococci,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|author2=Horder, Thomas J.|title=A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man|journal=The Lancet|volume=168|issue=4334|year=1906|pages=775–783|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001804888;view=1up;seq=845|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)13797-9}}</ref> the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,<ref name=Munk/> and arterial degeneration.<ref name=RSBM/> |
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{{blockquote|In bacteriology, ... Andrewes was the first, in association with [[Thomas Horder, 1st Baron Horder|Horder]], to classify streptococci into three main groups—''pyogenes'', or ''haemolyticus''; ''salivarius'' or ''viridans''; and ''faecalis'', or the enterococcus.<ref name=BMJ/>}} |
{{blockquote|In bacteriology, ... Andrewes was the first, in association with [[Thomas Horder, 1st Baron Horder|Horder]], to classify streptococci into three main groups—''pyogenes'', or ''haemolyticus''; ''salivarius'' or ''viridans''; and ''faecalis'', or the enterococcus.<ref name=BMJ/>}} |
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{{blockquote|He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...<ref name=Munk/>}} |
{{blockquote|He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...<ref name=Munk/>}} |
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On 25 July 1895<ref>{{cite journal|title=Marriages|journal=The Lancet|date=27 July 1895|volume=2|page=241|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075801095;view=1up;seq=293}}</ref> in [[Islington]], London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, [[Christopher Andrewes|Christopher Howard Andrewes]], and a daughter.<ref name=Munk/> |
On 25 July 1895<ref>{{cite journal|title=Marriages|journal=The Lancet|date=27 July 1895|volume=2|page=241|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075801095;view=1up;seq=293|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)05349-7 }}</ref> in [[Islington]], London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, [[Christopher Andrewes|Christopher Howard Andrewes]], and a daughter.<ref name=Munk/> |
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==Awards and honours== |
==Awards and honours== |
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* 1895 — FRCP |
* 1895 — FRCP |
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* 1906 — Dobell Lecturer in 1906<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Horace Dobell Lecture on ''The Evolution of the Streptococci''. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906|date=24 November 1906|journal=The Lancet|volume= |
* 1906 — Dobell Lecturer in 1906<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Horace Dobell Lecture on ''The Evolution of the Streptococci''. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906|date=24 November 1906|journal=The Lancet|volume= 2, part 2|issue=4343|pages=1415–1420|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)33412-8 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858021447598;view=1up;seq=519}}</ref> |
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* 1910 — [[Croonian Lecture]]r (of the [[Royal College of Physicians]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010600951}}</ref> |
* 1910 — [[Croonian Lecture]]r (of the [[Royal College of Physicians]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010600951}}</ref> |
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* 1915 — FRS<ref name=WhoWho>{{cite magazine|title=Andrewes, Frederick William|magazine=Who's Who|year=1919|page=48|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015047639912;view=1up;seq=90}}</ref> |
* 1915 — FRS<ref name=WhoWho>{{cite magazine|title=Andrewes, Frederick William|magazine=Who's Who|year=1919|page=48|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015047639912;view=1up;seq=90}}</ref> |
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* 1919 — OBE<ref name=Munk/> |
* 1919 — OBE<ref name=Munk/> |
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* 1920 — [[Harveian Oration|Harveian Orator]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, |
* 1920 — [[Harveian Oration|Harveian Orator]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18th, 1920|series=Harveian oration ;1920|year=1920|publisher=Adlard and W. Newman|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002072936}}</ref> |
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* 1920 — Knighthood<ref name=Munk/> |
* 1920 — Knighthood<ref name=Munk/> |
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{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrewes, Frederick William}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrewes, Frederick William}} |
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[[Category:1859 births]] |
[[Category:1859 births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1932 deaths]] |
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[[Category:19th-century English medical doctors]] |
[[Category:19th-century English medical doctors]] |
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[[Category:20th-century English medical doctors]] |
[[Category:20th-century English medical doctors]] |
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[[Category:British pathologists]] |
[[Category:British pathologists]] |
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[[Category:British bacteriologists]] |
[[Category:British bacteriologists]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of |
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital]] |
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[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]] |
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] |
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] |
Latest revision as of 20:32, 10 May 2024
Sir Frederick William Andrewes | |
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![]() Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S. Wellcome Courtesy of Wellcome Trust | |
Born | |
Died | 24 February 1932 London[1] | (aged 72)
Nationality | British |
Occupation(s) | Physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist |
Sir Frederick William Andrewes OBE FRCP FRS (31 March 1859 – 24 February 1932) was an English physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist.[2][3]
Biography
[edit]After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.[2] He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,[1] he began in 1885 his clinical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, where he learned bacteriology from Emanuel Edward Klein and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.[4] In 1887 Andrewes graduated there BM (Oxon.) and qualified MRCS. At St Bartholomew's Hospital he was house physician to James Andrew and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.[3] Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital[1] and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the Royal Free Hospital. He qualified MRCP in 1889.[1] In 1891 he graduated DPH (Cantab).[3] In the 1890s he graduated MD (Oxon.). In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to Archibald Garrod.[5] In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.[1]
He did research on the classification of streptococci,[6] the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,[2] and arterial degeneration.[1]
In bacteriology, ... Andrewes was the first, in association with Horder, to classify streptococci into three main groups—pyogenes, or haemolyticus; salivarius or viridans; and faecalis, or the enterococcus.[3]
Horder, as well as John Hannah Drysdale,[7] Hugh Thursfield, Frank Atcherley Rose, and W. Girling Ball,[8] were, early in their careers, demonstrators in pathology under Andrewes.[3]
He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...[2]
On 25 July 1895[9] in Islington, London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, Christopher Howard Andrewes, and a daughter.[2]
Awards and honours
[edit]- 1895 — FRCP
- 1906 — Dobell Lecturer in 1906[10]
- 1910 — Croonian Lecturer (of the Royal College of Physicians)[11]
- 1915 — FRS[12]
- 1919 — OBE[2]
- 1920 — Harveian Orator[13]
- 1920 — Knighthood[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "Sir Frederick Andrewes, 1859–1932". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1 (1): 37–44. December 1932. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1932.0009.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Frederick William (Sir) Andrewes". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
- ^ a b c d e "Obituary. Sir Frederick Andrewes, F.R.S., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P." British Medical Journal. 1 (3713): 451–452. 5 March 1932. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451. PMC 2520450. PMID 20776717. page 451 page 452
- ^ "Alfred Antunes Kanthack". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
- ^ "Changes in the medical schools and hospitals". The Lancet. 2 (3705): 551. 1 September 1894. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58828-5.
- ^ Andrewes, F. W.; Horder, Thomas J. (1906). "A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man". The Lancet. 168 (4334): 775–783. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)13797-9.
- ^ "John Hannah Drysdale". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
- ^ "Ball, Sir William Girling (1881–1945)". Plarr's Lives of the Fellows, Royal College of Surgeons.
- ^ "Marriages". The Lancet. 2: 241. 27 July 1895. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)05349-7.
- ^ Andrewes, F. W. (24 November 1906). "The Horace Dobell Lecture on The Evolution of the Streptococci. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906". The Lancet. 2, part 2 (4343): 1415–1420. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)33412-8.
- ^ Andrewes, F. W. The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910.
- ^ "Andrewes, Frederick William". Who's Who. 1919. p. 48.
- ^ Andrewes, F. W. (1920). The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18th, 1920. Harveian oration ;1920. Adlard and W. Newman.
- 1859 births
- 1932 deaths
- 19th-century English medical doctors
- 20th-century English medical doctors
- British pathologists
- British bacteriologists
- Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
- Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
- Academics of the University of Cambridge
- Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Royal Army Medical Corps officers
- Officers of the Order of the British Empire
- Knights Bachelor