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{{Short description|English physician, pathologist and bacteriologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Sir Frederick William Andrewes
| honorific_prefix = Sir
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| image = Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S Wellcome V0025971.jpg
| name =
| alt =
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| image = Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S Wellcome V0025971.jpg
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| caption = Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S. Wellcome<br/>Courtesy of Wellcome Trust
| alt =
| birth_name =
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| caption = Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S. Wellcome<br/>Courtesy of Wellcome Trust
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|3|31|df=yes}}
| birth_name =
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| birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire]]
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|3|31|df=yes}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|2|24|1859|3|31|df=yes}}
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| birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire]]
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| death_place = London<ref name=RSBM>{{cite journal|title=Sir Frederick Andrewes, 1859–1932|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|date=December 1932|volume=1|issue=1|pages=37–44|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1932.0009}}</ref>
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|2|24|1859|3|31|df=yes}}
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| nationality = British
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| death_place = London<ref name=RSBM>{{cite journal|title=Sir Frederick Andrewes, 1859–1932|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|date=December 1932|volume=1|issue=1|pages=37–44|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1932.0009}}</ref>
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| other_names =
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| nationality = British
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| occupation = Physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist
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| other_names =
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| known_for =
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| occupation = Physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist
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| known_for =
}}
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'''Sir Frederick William Andrewes''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRCP|FRS}} (31 March 1859 – 24 February 1932) was an English physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist.<ref name=Munk>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/101|title=Frederick William (Sir) Andrewes|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Sir Frederick Andrewes, F.R.S., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=5 March 1932|volume=1|issue=3713|pages=451–452|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451|pmc=2520450}} [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451 page 451] [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.452 page 452]</ref>
'''Sir Frederick William Andrewes''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRCP|FRS}} (31 March 1859 – 24 February 1932) was an English physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist.<ref name=Munk>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/101|title=Frederick William (Sir) Andrewes|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Sir Frederick Andrewes, F.R.S., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=5 March 1932|volume=1|issue=3713|pages=451–452|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451|pmid=20776717|pmc=2520450}} [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451 page 451] [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3713.452 page 452]</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.<ref name=Munk/> He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,<ref name=RSBM/> he began in 1885 his clinical training at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College]], where he learned bacteriology from [[Emanuel Edward Klein]] and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/2499|title=Alfred Antunes Kanthack|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref> In 1887 Andrewes graduated there [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery#United Kingdom|BM (Oxon.)]] and qualified [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland|MRCS]]. At [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] he was house physician to [[James Andrew (physician)|James Andrew]] and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.<ref name=BMJ/> Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital<ref name=RSBM/> and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the [[Royal Free Hospital]]. He qualified MRCP in 1889.<ref name=RSBM/> In 1891 he graduated [[Doctor of Public Health|DPH (Cantab)]].<ref name=BMJ/> In the 1890s he graduated [[Doctor of Medicine#United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries|MD (Oxon.)]]. In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to [[Archibald Garrod]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Changes in the medical schools and hospitals|date=1 September 1894|journal=The Lancet|volume=2|page=551|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015046944099;view=1up;seq=569|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58828-5 }}</ref> In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.<ref name=RSBM/>
After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.<ref name=Munk/> He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,<ref name=RSBM/> he began in 1885 his clinical training at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College]], where he learned bacteriology from [[Emanuel Edward Klein]] and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/2499|title=Alfred Antunes Kanthack|website=Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV}}</ref> In 1887 Andrewes graduated there [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery#United Kingdom|BM (Oxon.)]] and qualified [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland|MRCS]]. At [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] he was house physician to [[James Andrew (physician)|James Andrew]] and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.<ref name=BMJ/> Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital<ref name=RSBM/> and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the [[Royal Free Hospital]]. He qualified MRCP in 1889.<ref name=RSBM/> In 1891 he graduated [[Doctor of Public Health|DPH (Cantab)]].<ref name=BMJ/> In the 1890s he graduated [[Doctor of Medicine#United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries|MD (Oxon.)]]. In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to [[Archibald Garrod]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Changes in the medical schools and hospitals|date=1 September 1894|journal=The Lancet|volume=2|issue=3705|page=551|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015046944099;view=1up;seq=569|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58828-5 }}</ref> In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.<ref name=RSBM/>


He did research on the classification of streptococci,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|author2=Horder, Thomas J.|title=A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man|journal=The Lancet|volume=168|issue=4334|year=1906|pages=775–783|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001804888;view=1up;seq=845|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)13797-9}}</ref> the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,<ref name=Munk/> and arterial degeneration.<ref name=RSBM/>
He did research on the classification of streptococci,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|author2=Horder, Thomas J.|title=A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man|journal=The Lancet|volume=168|issue=4334|year=1906|pages=775–783|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001804888;view=1up;seq=845|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)13797-9}}</ref> the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,<ref name=Munk/> and arterial degeneration.<ref name=RSBM/>
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{{blockquote|He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...<ref name=Munk/>}}
{{blockquote|He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...<ref name=Munk/>}}


On 25 July 1895<ref>{{cite journal|title=Marriages|journal=The Lancet|date=27 July 1895|volume=2|page=241|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075801095;view=1up;seq=293}}</ref> in [[Islington]], London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, [[Christopher Andrewes|Christopher Howard Andrewes]], and a daughter.<ref name=Munk/>
On 25 July 1895<ref>{{cite journal|title=Marriages|journal=The Lancet|date=27 July 1895|volume=2|page=241|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075801095;view=1up;seq=293|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)05349-7 }}</ref> in [[Islington]], London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, [[Christopher Andrewes|Christopher Howard Andrewes]], and a daughter.<ref name=Munk/>


==Awards and honours==
==Awards and honours==
* 1895 — FRCP
* 1895 — FRCP
* 1906 — Dobell Lecturer in 1906<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Horace Dobell Lecture on ''The Evolution of the Streptococci''. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906|date=24 November 1906|journal=The Lancet|volume= 2, part 2|issue=4343|pages=1415–1420|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858021447598;view=1up;seq=519}}</ref>
* 1906 — Dobell Lecturer in 1906<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Horace Dobell Lecture on ''The Evolution of the Streptococci''. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906|date=24 November 1906|journal=The Lancet|volume= 2, part 2|issue=4343|pages=1415–1420|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)33412-8 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858021447598;view=1up;seq=519}}</ref>
* 1910 — [[Croonian Lecture]]r (of the [[Royal College of Physicians]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010600951}}</ref>
* 1910 — [[Croonian Lecture]]r (of the [[Royal College of Physicians]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010600951}}</ref>
* 1915 — FRS<ref name=WhoWho>{{cite magazine|title=Andrewes, Frederick William|magazine=Who's Who|year=1919|page=48|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015047639912;view=1up;seq=90}}</ref>
* 1915 — FRS<ref name=WhoWho>{{cite magazine|title=Andrewes, Frederick William|magazine=Who's Who|year=1919|page=48|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015047639912;view=1up;seq=90}}</ref>
* 1919 — OBE<ref name=Munk/>
* 1919 — OBE<ref name=Munk/>
* 1920 — [[Harveian Oration|Harveian Orator]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18th, 1920|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002072936}}</ref>
* 1920 — [[Harveian Oration|Harveian Orator]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrewes, F. W.|title=The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18th, 1920|series=Harveian oration ;1920|year=1920|publisher=Adlard and W. Newman|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002072936}}</ref>
* 1920 — Knighthood<ref name=Munk/>
* 1920 — Knighthood<ref name=Munk/>


Latest revision as of 20:32, 10 May 2024

Sir Frederick William Andrewes
Sir Frederick William Andrewes. Photograph by J. Russell & S. Wellcome
Courtesy of Wellcome Trust
Born(1859-03-31)31 March 1859
Reading, Berkshire
Died24 February 1932(1932-02-24) (aged 72)
London[1]
NationalityBritish
Occupation(s)Physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist

Sir Frederick William Andrewes OBE FRCP FRS (31 March 1859 – 24 February 1932) was an English physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist.[2][3]

Biography

[edit]

After education at Oakley House School in Reading, Frederick Andrewes matriculated on 11 October 1878 at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated in 1882 BA with first-class honours in natural sciences.[2] He obtained in 1883 the Burdett Coutts University Scholarship in Geology. Having won an Open Entrance Scholarship,[1] he began in 1885 his clinical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, where he learned bacteriology from Emanuel Edward Klein and pathology from Alfred Antunes Kanthack.[4] In 1887 Andrewes graduated there BM (Oxon.) and qualified MRCS. At St Bartholomew's Hospital he was house physician to James Andrew and completed his medical education by a brief course of study in Vienna.[3] Upon his return from Vienna Andrewes was appointed casualty physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital[1] and later tutor in practical medicine. He was also assistant physician and pathologist to the Royal Free Hospital. He qualified MRCP in 1889.[1] In 1891 he graduated DPH (Cantab).[3] In the 1890s he graduated MD (Oxon.). In 1894 he was appointed assistant demonstrator of practical medicine as successor to Archibald Garrod.[5] In 1897 the joint appointments of pathologist and lecturer on pathology at St Bartholomew's Hospital became vacant when Kanthack was appointed to the chair of pathology at the University of Cambridge. Andrewes succeeded him in these posts and continued in office for thirty years. In 1912 Andrewes's lectureship in pathology was raised by the University of London to a professorship.[1]

He did research on the classification of streptococci,[6] the histology of lymphadenoma, immunology,[2] and arterial degeneration.[1]

In bacteriology, ... Andrewes was the first, in association with Horder, to classify streptococci into three main groups—pyogenes, or haemolyticus; salivarius or viridans; and faecalis, or the enterococcus.[3]

Horder, as well as John Hannah Drysdale,[7] Hugh Thursfield, Frank Atcherley Rose, and W. Girling Ball,[8] were, early in their careers, demonstrators in pathology under Andrewes.[3]

He was an early member of the Medical Research Council and during the 1914-1918 War accomplished valuable work on dysentery bacilli ...[2]

On 25 July 1895[9] in Islington, London, he married Phyllis Mary Hamer. They had a son, Christopher Howard Andrewes, and a daughter.[2]

Awards and honours

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Sir Frederick Andrewes, 1859–1932". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1 (1): 37–44. December 1932. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1932.0009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Frederick William (Sir) Andrewes". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Obituary. Sir Frederick Andrewes, F.R.S., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P." British Medical Journal. 1 (3713): 451–452. 5 March 1932. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3713.451. PMC 2520450. PMID 20776717. page 451 page 452
  4. ^ "Alfred Antunes Kanthack". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
  5. ^ "Changes in the medical schools and hospitals". The Lancet. 2 (3705): 551. 1 September 1894. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)58828-5.
  6. ^ Andrewes, F. W.; Horder, Thomas J. (1906). "A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man". The Lancet. 168 (4334): 775–783. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)13797-9.
  7. ^ "John Hannah Drysdale". Royal College of Physicians, Lives of the Fellows, Munk's Roll, Vol. IV.
  8. ^ "Ball, Sir William Girling (1881–1945)". Plarr's Lives of the Fellows, Royal College of Surgeons.
  9. ^ "Marriages". The Lancet. 2: 241. 27 July 1895. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)05349-7.
  10. ^ Andrewes, F. W. (24 November 1906). "The Horace Dobell Lecture on The Evolution of the Streptococci. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on Nov. 15th, 1906". The Lancet. 2, part 2 (4343): 1415–1420. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)33412-8.
  11. ^ Andrewes, F. W. The Croonian lectures on the behaviour of the leucocytes in infection and immunity: delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on June 14th, 16th, 21st, and 23rd, 1910.
  12. ^ "Andrewes, Frederick William". Who's Who. 1919. p. 48.
  13. ^ Andrewes, F. W. (1920). The birth and growth of science in medicine: being the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18th, 1920. Harveian oration ;1920. Adlard and W. Newman.
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