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{{Short description|Montenegrin general}}
⚫
''' Vasos Mavrovouniotis''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: ''Βασος Μαυροβουνιωτης'', literally translated "Vaso [[Montenegrins|Montenegrin]]"; born '''Vaso Brajović''' [[Serbian Cyrillic]]: Васо Брајовић ; [[1790]]-[[1847]]) was a soldier from [[Montenegro]], who played a significant role in the [[Greek revolution]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] in [[1821]].
{{Infobox military person
| name = Vasos Mavrovouniotis<br>Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης
| native_name = Васо Брајoвић
| image = Oil painting of Vasos Mavrovouniotis by Nikiforos Lytras.jpg
| caption = Oil painting by [[Nikiforos Lytras]]
| nickname =
| birth_name = Vaso Brajović
| birth_date = 1797{{sfn|Whitcombe|Eliot|1992|p=175}}
| birth_place = [[Mojdež]], [[Republic of Venice]] or [[Bjelopavlići]] <br> (both in present-day [[Montenegro]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1847|6|9|1797|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Athens]], [[Kingdom of Greece]]
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|23px]] [[First Hellenic Republic]]<br>{{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece]]
| branch = [[File:Greek Revolution flag.svg|20px]] Greek Revolutionary Army<br>{{army|Greece}}
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| commands =
| battles = [[Greek War of Independence]]
*[[Greek civil wars of 1823-1825]]
| awards =
| spouse = Eleni Vassou
| children = [[Timoleon Vassos]]<br>[[Alexandros Vassos]]
| laterwork = Member of the [[Privy Council]]<br>[[Adjutant]] to [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]]
}}


⚫
'''Vasos Mavrovouniotis''' ({{lang-el|Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης}}, literally "''Vasos the Montenegrin''"; 1797 – 9 June 1847), born as '''Vaso Brajović''' ([[Serbian language|Serbian]]: Васо Брајoвић), was a [[Montenegrins|Montenegrin]] general who played a significant role in the [[Greek revolution]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1821.
He was born in [[Bjelopavlići]] in modern day [[Montenegro]], [[1790]]. Since his early youth he joined the Montenegrin and other rebel forces and regularly commanded raids across the [[Balkans]]. In [[1821]] he directed a force of 120 men of mixed Serbian, Montenegrin and Greek nationality and joined the early stages of the Greek revolution. His first stop was in central Greece where he met with [[Nikos Kriezotis]], an old time Greek fellow warrior with whom he was a “Vlami”, meaning spiritual brother. This term comes from the ages-old practice in the Balkans where people could become like brothers by performing a specific ritual. In [[1822]] he participated in the fight against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] in [[Athens]] where he showed bravery and was widely accepted as one of the best fighters of its period.


==Life==
⚫
In [[1824]] a Greek civil war erupted and Mavrovouniotis joined forces with the government mainly composed by Greeks he knew since the early stages of the revolution. For his commitment to the side that finally won the domestic conflict he was assigned the rank of the [[General]] and was given a force of 1,500men; a considerable army at that period. In the period between 1826-27 he was one of the few guerilla fighters not to be defeated by the [[Egypt]]ian forces led by [[Imbrahim Pasha]], that nearly destroyed the Greek forces. In the newly established Greek state in 1830’s he became a member of the elite that surrounded the first Greek [[King Otto]] from [[Bavaria]]. He died on [[9 June]] [[1847]]<ref>[http://www.montenegrina.net/pages/pages1/istorija/cg_u_xix_vijeku/vaso_brajovic_grcki_junak.htm Montenegrina: Vaso Brajović - Grčki junak i heroj] and was widely admired by the Greek people as one of the leaders of the Cause and as one of the leading figures of the independent state.<ref name="Whitcombe">Whitcombe, T. D. ''Campaign of the Falieri and Piraeus in 1827'' (edited by C. W. J. Eliot) Town House Press Inc., Pittsboro, North Carolina, 1992</ref>


===Origin and early life===
⚫
Mavrovouniotis married [[Helena Pangalou]] from a very well known Greek family in [[1826]], and she followed him throughout the harsh campaigns in the Greek mountains against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]]. She died in [[1891]] and they had a son called Timotheos Vassos-Mavrovounitis. He also became a general and was decorated in numerous occasions for his duties and success as a serviceman in the second half of the [[19th century]].
Mavrovouniotis was born in either [[Mojdež]]<ref name="IZ" /><ref name=":0" /> or in the [[Bjelopavlići|Bjelopavlići plain]],<ref name=":1">Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. "VASOS MAVROVOUNIOTES. A MONTENEGRIN CHIEFTAIN ON THE THRESHOLD OF MODERNITY: FROM THE SERVICE OF THE SUBLIME PORTE TO THE SERVICE OF THE GREEK REVOLUTION AND THE KINGDOM OF GREECE." Mediterranea-ricerche storiche 32 (2014).
</ref><ref>A.N. Chrysologes, [Vasos Mayrovouniotes: Discourse which was read in the Philological Association 'Byron' in 8th January 1876], Athens, 1876, p. 15</ref> (both in modern-day [[Montenegro]]), as '''Vaso Brajović'''.<ref name=IZ>{{cite book|title=Историски записи|volume=14; 18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NocSAAAAIAAJ|year=1961|publisher=с.н.|page=499|quote=Слично њему био је про- зван јуначким именом Црногорца (Маугоуишо1о) неустрашиви и храбри поморски капетан Васо Брајевић, родом из Мојдежа у херцегновској општини, који се као филхелен нарочито просла- вио у ...}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Miloš Crnjanski|title=Najlepši putopisi Miloša Crnjanskog|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcQXAQAAIAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Prosveta|page=76|isbn=9788607014880 |quote=На бедеме Триполице, у време ослобоћења грчког, први је хришћански барјак развио Васа Брајевић, капетан из Мојдежа. Он је тај који је дошао у помоћ и спасао грчку војску Фабијера, на Еубеји, па га грчки краљ Ото именова ...}}</ref><ref>{{citation |author=Васко Костић |title=Подвизи Бокеља ван Боке |chapter=У страним устанцима |chapter-url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bo/istorija/vkostic-podvizi_bokelja.html#_Toc518965357 |quote=Бокељи су одлазили на пут у најблиставијим народним ношњама. Грци их ни по чему нису разликовали од Црногораца. Онима који су се у Грчкој задржали или постали познати, пред презименом су додавали надјевак "Мавро... " (Црногорац) са хеленизираним "ис" или "ос" завршетком. Тако су Бокељи Перо Миховић, Лесо Кордић и Васо Брајевић постали:<br>Петрос Мавромихалис, Александрос Маврокордатос и Васос Мавровунотис. Од осам најпознатијих вођа грчког општег устанка за ослобођење, три су била Мавро...са. Они су били активисти Фелики хетерије или клефте још прије озваничења устанка, а укључили су се у устанак од првих битака.<br>Бокељи, који су пристизали као добровољци, придодавани су Мавросима због лакшег споразумијевања. Тако је Крсто Брајић, јунак од заната из Брајића, придодат устаничком вођи Васу Брајевићу из Мојдежа, односно Васосу Мавровунотису. Већ након првих битака и показаног јунаштва Крста Брајића, четовођа Васос га је поставио за свог ађутанта. Да то није учинио Васос се можда никад не би прославио.}}</ref> Virtually all the historians of the [[Greek War of Independence]] agree that he was of [[Slavs|Slavic]] ancestry, although some of them state he had [[Greeks|Greek]] roots.<ref name=":1" /> He was a member of the prominent military family of Brajović – and possessed military skills.<ref name=":1" /> He went to the maritime school in Herceg Novi,<ref>{{cite book|title=Boka|volume=1-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnI6AQAAIAAJ|year=1969|page=154|quote=... поморских предмета у Поморској школи у Херцег-Новом, пом. капетани Шпиро и Марко Радуловићи из Мојдежа, Никола Јанковић из Топле и Марко Гојковић из Мокрина. У том колу најпознатији је био Васо Брајевић из Мојдежа,}}</ref> where he excelled.<ref name="muzej1975">{{cite book|author=Kotor (Montenegro) Pomorski muzej|title=Godišnjak|volume=23-25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKDfAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|page=117|quote=Ту се истичу: Васо Брајевић из Мојдежа,}}</ref>

He was given the nickname ''Mavrovouniotis'' or ''Mavrovouniota'', "Montenegrin" (Васо Црногорац), in Greece.<ref name=IZ/>

===Greek Revolution===
In 1821, he led a force of 120 Montenegrins and [[Greeks]], and joined the early stages of the Greek revolution. His first stop was in central Greece where he met with the Greek [[Nikolaos Kriezotis]], an old time fellow warrior,<ref>{{cite book |title= Memoirs|last= Makrygiannēs |first= Iōannēs |year= 2001 |publisher= Narok |isbn=9789608708402|page= 532}}</ref> leader of the Greek Revolution in [[Euboea]], with whom he was a “Vlami” (a spiritual brother, an ancient Balkan practice of [[blood brotherhood]]). In 1822, he participated in the fight against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] in [[Athens]] where he showed bravery and was widely accepted as one of the best fighters of its period.

⚫
In 1824, a Greek civil war erupted and Mavrovouniotis joined forces with the government mainly composed of Greeks he knew since the early stages of the revolution. For his commitment to the side that finally won the domestic conflict he was assigned the rank of [[General]] and was given a force of 1,500 men; a considerable army at that period. In the period between 1826–27 he was one of the few guerilla fighters not to be defeated by the [[Egypt]]ian forces led by [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]], that nearly destroyed the Greek forces. He participated in a failed Greek expedition in [[Cyprus]] and [[Lebanon]] in March 1826 aiming at inciting a revolt in those areas.{{sfn|Chrysologis|1876|pp=32-37}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the961.com/greek-revolution-liberate-beirut/ |title=The Time When Greek Revolutionaries Tried To Liberate Beirut |website=the961.com |date=27 March 2021 }}</ref>

===Service in the Kingdom of Greece===
In the newly established Greek state in 1830s he became a member of the elite that surrounded the first Greek [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]], prince of [[Bavaria]]. He was both a member of the [[Privy Council]] and [[adjutant]] to King Otto. He died on 9 June 1847 and was widely admired by the Greek people as one of the leaders of the Cause and as one of the leading figures of the independent state.{{sfn|Whitcombe|Eliot|1992}} During his military career he had a leading role in thirty six battles and had suffered many injuries, including a penetrating wound in his chest.{{sfn|Chrysologis|1876|p=16}}

A dagger belonging to Mavrovouniotis is displayed at the National Museum of Athens. The bayonet-like object on the left (charbi, χαρμπί) was used as knife sharpener or muzzleloader. The dagger on the right bears the inscription (in Greek): "''Fighting holy battles for his friend Greece. Vassos Mavrovoniotes''".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhmuseum.gr/details2.php?lang=1&wh=1&the1id=1&the2id=7&the3id=25&theid=25&open1=1&open2=7&open3=25&thepid=656&theq= |title=Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης |website=nhmuseum.gr |language=Greek }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Vaso Brajovic.jpg|thumb|Monument to Vasos Mavrovouniotis in [[Podgorica]].]]

==Family==
⚫
Mavrovouniotis married Helena Pangalou from the well known Pangalos family, in 1826. Helena followed him throughout the harsh campaigns in the Greek mountains against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]]. She died in 1891 and they had two sons, Alexandros and [[Timoleon Vassos|Timoleon]], both of whom became generals in the Greek Army.

==See also==
*[[Hadži Prodan Gligorijević]], Serbian revolutionary in the [[First Serbian Uprising]] that joined the Greek War
*[[Giorgakis Olympios]] (1772–1821), fellow Greek revolutionary in the First Serbian Uprising and Greek War
*[[Serbs and Montenegrins in the Greek War of Independence]]
* {{commons category-inline|Vasos Mavrovouniotis}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">

<references/>
==Sources==
</div>
*{{cite journal|last=Papageorgiou|first=Stefanos P.|title=VASOS MAVROVOUNIOTES|journal=Mediterranea-ricerche Storiche|issue=32|year=2014|pages=463–488|url=http://www.storiamediterranea.it/wp-content/uploads/mediterranea/p4262/1.%20Stefanos%20P.%20Papageorgiou.pdf}}
*{{cite book|last1=Whitcombe|first1=Thomas Douglas|last2=Eliot|first2=Charles William James |title=Campaign of the Falieri and Piraeus in the Year 1827, Or, Journal of a Volunteer, Being the Personal Account of Captain Thomas Douglas Whitcombe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scW2VfbPk1MC&pg=PA175|year=1992|publisher=ASCSA|isbn=978-0-87661-405-1|pages=175– }}
*{{cite web|last=Chrysologis |first=Athanasios|year=1876|title=The Greek Fight: Vassos Mavrovouniotes, a talk given at the "Byron" Philologic Society, Athens, Jan. 8th, 1876|url=http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?rec=/metadata/7/f/e/metadata-265-0000047.tkl&do=71779.pdf&pageno=18&width=397&height=605&maxpage=87&lang=en}} <!--Χρυσολόγης Ν. Αθανάσιος (1876), ''Ο Ελληνικός Αγών : Βάσσος Μαυροβουνιώτης : Διατριβή αναγνωσθείσα εν τω Φιλολογικώ Συλλόγω "Βύρωνι" την 8ην Ιανουαρίου 1876''-->


{{Greek War of Independence|state=collapsed}}
==External links==
* A. Chrysologi, Biography of Vasos Mavrovouniotis, 1876, Athens, Greece, retrieved November 5, 2006 from Michaletos Blog [http://serbianna.com/blogs/michaletos/]
{{Mil-hist-stub}}
{{Montenegro-bio-stub}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mavrovouniotis, Vasos}}
[[Category:1790 births]]
[[Category:1797 births]]
[[Category:1847 deaths]]
[[Category:1847 deaths]]
[[Category:Greek military leaders of the Greek War of Independence]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Greece]]
[[Category:Greek generals]]
[[Category:Greek generals]]
[[Category:People of the Greek War of Independence|Mavrovouniotis, Vasos]]
[[Category:People from Herceg Novi]]
[[Category:Montenegrin people]]
[[Category:Montenegrin soldiers]]

Latest revision as of 02:18, 1 June 2024

Vasos Mavrovouniotis
Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης
Oil painting by Nikiforos Lytras
Native name
Васо Брајoвић
Birth nameVaso Brajović
Born1797[1]
Mojdež, Republic of Venice or Bjelopavlići
(both in present-day Montenegro)
Died9 June 1847(1847-06-09) (aged 49–50)
Athens, Kingdom of Greece
Allegiance First Hellenic Republic
Greece Kingdom of Greece
Service/branch Greek Revolutionary Army
 Hellenic Army
Battles/warsGreek War of Independence
Spouse(s)Eleni Vassou
ChildrenTimoleon Vassos
Alexandros Vassos
Other workMember of the Privy Council
Adjutant to King Otto

Vasos Mavrovouniotis (Greek: Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης, literally "Vasos the Montenegrin"; 1797 – 9 June 1847), born as Vaso Brajović (Serbian: Васо Брајoвић), was a Montenegrin general who played a significant role in the Greek revolution against the Ottoman Empire in 1821.

Life

[edit]

Origin and early life

[edit]

Mavrovouniotis was born in either Mojdež[2][3] or in the Bjelopavlići plain,[4][5] (both in modern-day Montenegro), as Vaso Brajović.[2][3][6] Virtually all the historians of the Greek War of Independence agree that he was of Slavic ancestry, although some of them state he had Greek roots.[4] He was a member of the prominent military family of Brajović – and possessed military skills.[4] He went to the maritime school in Herceg Novi,[7] where he excelled.[8]

He was given the nickname Mavrovouniotis or Mavrovouniota, "Montenegrin" (Васо Црногорац), in Greece.[2]

Greek Revolution

[edit]

In 1821, he led a force of 120 Montenegrins and Greeks, and joined the early stages of the Greek revolution. His first stop was in central Greece where he met with the Greek Nikolaos Kriezotis, an old time fellow warrior,[9] leader of the Greek Revolution in Euboea, with whom he was a “Vlami” (a spiritual brother, an ancient Balkan practice of blood brotherhood). In 1822, he participated in the fight against the Turks in Athens where he showed bravery and was widely accepted as one of the best fighters of its period.

In 1824, a Greek civil war erupted and Mavrovouniotis joined forces with the government mainly composed of Greeks he knew since the early stages of the revolution. For his commitment to the side that finally won the domestic conflict he was assigned the rank of General and was given a force of 1,500 men; a considerable army at that period. In the period between 1826–27 he was one of the few guerilla fighters not to be defeated by the Egyptian forces led by Ibrahim Pasha, that nearly destroyed the Greek forces. He participated in a failed Greek expedition in Cyprus and Lebanon in March 1826 aiming at inciting a revolt in those areas.[10][11]

Service in the Kingdom of Greece

[edit]

In the newly established Greek state in 1830s he became a member of the elite that surrounded the first Greek King Otto, prince of Bavaria. He was both a member of the Privy Council and adjutant to King Otto. He died on 9 June 1847 and was widely admired by the Greek people as one of the leaders of the Cause and as one of the leading figures of the independent state.[12] During his military career he had a leading role in thirty six battles and had suffered many injuries, including a penetrating wound in his chest.[13]

A dagger belonging to Mavrovouniotis is displayed at the National Museum of Athens. The bayonet-like object on the left (charbi, χαρμπί) was used as knife sharpener or muzzleloader. The dagger on the right bears the inscription (in Greek): "Fighting holy battles for his friend Greece. Vassos Mavrovoniotes".[14]

Monument to Vasos Mavrovouniotis in Podgorica.

Family

[edit]

Mavrovouniotis married Helena Pangalou from the well known Pangalos family, in 1826. Helena followed him throughout the harsh campaigns in the Greek mountains against the Turks. She died in 1891 and they had two sons, Alexandros and Timoleon, both of whom became generals in the Greek Army.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Whitcombe & Eliot 1992, p. 175.
  2. ^ a b c Историски записи. Vol. 14, 18. с.н. 1961. p. 499. Слично њему био је про- зван јуначким именом Црногорца (Маугоуишо1о) неустрашиви и храбри поморски капетан Васо Брајевић, родом из Мојдежа у херцегновској општини, који се као филхелен нарочито просла- вио у ...
  3. ^ a b Miloš Crnjanski (2003). Najlepši putopisi Miloša Crnjanskog. Prosveta. p. 76. ISBN 9788607014880. На бедеме Триполице, у време ослобоћења грчког, први је хришћански барјак развио Васа Брајевић, капетан из Мојдежа. Он је тај који је дошао у помоћ и спасао грчку војску Фабијера, на Еубеји, па га грчки краљ Ото именова ...
  4. ^ a b c Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. "VASOS MAVROVOUNIOTES. A MONTENEGRIN CHIEFTAIN ON THE THRESHOLD OF MODERNITY: FROM THE SERVICE OF THE SUBLIME PORTE TO THE SERVICE OF THE GREEK REVOLUTION AND THE KINGDOM OF GREECE." Mediterranea-ricerche storiche 32 (2014).
  5. ^ A.N. Chrysologes, [Vasos Mayrovouniotes: Discourse which was read in the Philological Association 'Byron' in 8th January 1876], Athens, 1876, p. 15
  6. ^ Васко Костић, "У страним устанцима", Подвизи Бокеља ван Боке, Бокељи су одлазили на пут у најблиставијим народним ношњама. Грци их ни по чему нису разликовали од Црногораца. Онима који су се у Грчкој задржали или постали познати, пред презименом су додавали надјевак "Мавро... " (Црногорац) са хеленизираним "ис" или "ос" завршетком. Тако су Бокељи Перо Миховић, Лесо Кордић и Васо Брајевић постали:
    Петрос Мавромихалис, Александрос Маврокордатос и Васос Мавровунотис. Од осам најпознатијих вођа грчког општег устанка за ослобођење, три су била Мавро...са. Они су били активисти Фелики хетерије или клефте још прије озваничења устанка, а укључили су се у устанак од првих битака.
    Бокељи, који су пристизали као добровољци, придодавани су Мавросима због лакшег споразумијевања. Тако је Крсто Брајић, јунак од заната из Брајића, придодат устаничком вођи Васу Брајевићу из Мојдежа, односно Васосу Мавровунотису. Већ након првих битака и показаног јунаштва Крста Брајића, четовођа Васос га је поставио за свог ађутанта. Да то није учинио Васос се можда никад не би прославио.
  7. ^ Boka. Vol. 1–3. 1969. p. 154. ... поморских предмета у Поморској школи у Херцег-Новом, пом. капетани Шпиро и Марко Радуловићи из Мојдежа, Никола Јанковић из Топле и Марко Гојковић из Мокрина. У том колу најпознатији је био Васо Брајевић из Мојдежа,
  8. ^ Kotor (Montenegro) Pomorski muzej (1975). Godišnjak. Vol. 23–25. p. 117. Ту се истичу: Васо Брајевић из Мојдежа,
  9. ^ Makrygiannēs, Iōannēs (2001). Memoirs. Narok. p. 532. ISBN 9789608708402.
  10. ^ Chrysologis 1876, pp. 32–37.
  11. ^ "The Time When Greek Revolutionaries Tried To Liberate Beirut". the961.com. 27 March 2021.
  12. ^ Whitcombe & Eliot 1992.
  13. ^ Chrysologis 1876, p. 16.
  14. ^ "Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης". nhmuseum.gr (in Greek).[permanent dead link]

Sources

[edit]
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