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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Scottish Gaelic on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Scottish Gaelic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-GD

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Scottish Gaelic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Scottish Gaelic phonology and Scottish Gaelic orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Scottish Gaelic.

Consonants^[1]
Broad		Slender		English approximations
IPA	Examples	IPA	Examples	English approximations
f^[2]	fad, fead, pholl, pheann			fade
ɣ	dhà, deireadh, ghaol, dragh	ʝ	dh'iarr, dh'innis, gheall, ghin	Spanish luego; yard (but stronger)
h^[2]	thonn, thig, shùil, sheòl			haste
j	eala, beò, theàrn, iolaire, piuthar, shiùbhlainn, gràidh			yard
k	gaol, beagan, caileag, amharc	kʲ	gille, fairrge, thig, chunnaic	scat; askew
kʰ^[3]	còta	kʲʰ^[3]	cìr	cup; cure
l̪ˠ	làmh, balla, geal	l	mo leaba, cliathaich, baile, fuil	health; lice
l̪ˠ	làmh, balla, geal	ʎ	leaba, slige, gille	health; scallion
m^[2]	mac, mic, lampa, ìm			main
n̪ˠ	nàire, snàmh, clann	ɲ	nighean, sneachda, cinneadh, ròin	tenth; onion
n̪ˠ	nàire, snàmh, clann	n	mo nàire, anail, bean	tenth; nice
ŋ	long	ŋʲ	aingeal	think; angular
p^[2]	ball, nàbuidh, abair, corp			space
pʰ^[2]^[3]	peann, poll			pain
rˠ	rud, riochd, oirre, orra			Spanish rojo
ɾ	dà rud, mo riochd, crann, fear	ɾʲ	cridhe, fir	crane; creed (both Scotland); American atom
s̪	solas, speal, sgeulachd	ʃ	seòl, stiùir, slighe, snìomh	soot; shade
t̪	dall, fada, ad, falt	tʲ	dìleas, maide, thèid, fuilt	stock; stew (RP)
t̪ʰ^[3]	tana	tʲʰ^[3]	tìr	tide; tune (RP)
v^[2]	bhean, sàibh, mhàthair, deimhinn, làmh			veil
x	chòta, balach	ç	chì, balaich	loch (Scotland); huge

Monophthongs
Short		Long		English approximations
IPA	Examples	IPA	Examples	English approximations
a	mac, glaine	aː	làmh, àite, geàrr	rat; rather (both Scotland)
e	teth, fead, cheil	eː	glè, chèile, beud	hit; hay (both Scotland)
ɛ	fear, each	ɛː	cnàimh, sèimh	let; flare (RP)
ə^[4]	fada, baile			viva
i	mise, fios	iː	ìseal, pìobaire, cinn	reef
ɪ^[4]	uilig, capaill			hit
o	tobar, bodhar	oː	bò, còig	load (Scotland)
ɔ	cnoc, sgoil, deoch	ɔː	bròn, mòine, ceòl, còrr	dog
u	ugh, bun, sgioltachd, fliuch	uː	cùl, sùil, diombach, tiùrr, cunntas	pull; rule
ɯ	duine, uisge	ɯː	craobh, aois	good; roof
ɤ	dragh, coire	ɤː	fadhlach	ago; blur (both RP)
Diphthongs
IPA	Examples			English approximation
ai	claidheamh, chaill, cainnt			price
au	amharc, abhainn, ball, gann			loud
ei	seinn, beinn, peinnsean			main
ɛu	seall, theann, dream			Spanish euro
ia	Niall, pian, feur, beul			he and she
iə	fiacail, iasg, ceud, deug, sìos, fìon			idea
ɔu	toll, tonn, com			low (GA)
ua	uamhasach, suaineadh, uaine			you and me
uə	fuar, uair, buaidh			bluer
ɯi	chraoibh, ghaoith, tuill, tuinn			two years
ɤi	maighdean, greim, coibhneil, oighre, coilltean, broinn			bite (Scotland)

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Example	Explanation
ˈ	uinneag [ˈɯɲak]	primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
.	naidheachd [ˈn̪ˠɛ.əxk]	syllable break
◌̃	samhradh [ˈs̪ãũɾəɣ]	nasal vowel

Varying IPA conventions

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. Most systems vary from pure IPA, particularly those used in Celtic Studies. The following table lists some of the variations commonly encountered. If an IPA symbol is not in the table below, the source uses the same symbol as above.

	Borgstrøm (1937)^[5] (Barra)	Borgstrøm (1940)^[6] (Outer Hebrides)	Oftedal (1956)^[7] (Lewis)	Ó Murchú (1989)^[8] (East Perthshire)	Cox (2002)^[9] (Lewis)	Ó Maolalaigh (2008)^[10] (over-regional)	Black (2006)^[11] (over-regional)	Klevenhaus (2009)^[12] Bauer (2011)^[13] (both over-regional)
ç	ç	ç′	ç	x′	ç	ç	ç	ç
ʝ	j	j′	ǰ	ɣ′	ʝ	j	j	ʝ
k	g̊, k	g̬, k	g	ɡ	g	g	g,^[14] k^[15]	g
kʲ	g̊′, k′	g̬′, k′	ǵ	ɡ′	g̭'	gʲ	gʲ,^[14] kʲ^[15]	gʲ
kʰ	kʽ	kʽ	k	k	k	k	k	k
kʲʰ	k′ʽ	k′ʽ	ḱ	k′	k′	kʲ	kʲ	kʲ
l̪ˠ	L	L	L	ɬ	L	ɫ̪	L	L
ʎ	L′	L′	L′	—	L′	ʎ	Lʲ	Lʲ
l	l′	l′	l	l	l	l	l	l
n̪ˠ	N	N	N	—	N	ᵰ̪	N	N
ɲ	N′	N′	N′	—	N′	ɲ	Nʲ	Nʲ
p	b̥, p	b̬, p	b	b	b	b	b,^[14] p^[15]	b
pʰ	pʽ	pʽ	p	p	p	p	p	p
rˠ	R	R, Ṛ	R	—	R	ᵲ	R	R
ɾ	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
ɾʲ	r′	r′, ð′	ð	—	ð	rʲ	rʲ	rʲ
s̪	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	š	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ
t̪	d̥, t	d̬, t	d	d	d	d̪	d,^[14] t^[15]	d
tʲ	d̥′^ž, d̥′, t′	d̬′^ž, d̬′, t′	d′	ǰ	d′	dʲ	dʲ,^[14] tʲ^[15]	dʲ
t̪ʰ	tʽ	tʽ	t	t	t	t̪	t	t
tʲʰ	tʽ′^ʃ, tʽ′	tʽ′^ʃ, tʽ′	t′	č	t′	tʲ	tʲ	tʲ
ɯ	ʎ	ʎ	ɯ	ɯ	ɯ	ɯ	ʎ	ɯ
ɤ	ø	ø	ə	ɤ	ɤ	ɤ	ə	ɤ
ɛ	ɛ, æ	ɛ, æ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ
a	a	a	a	ɑ	a	a	a	a

Notes

^ Scottish Gaelic contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨ˠ⟩, are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents like RP and General American and in all positions in Scottish English. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ⟨y⟩ sound in yes. In Scottish Gaelic orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, while slender ones are surrounded by ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Neither broad nor slender, slender positions instead having an on- or off-glide /j/.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e In initial position, the aspirated stops /kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ/ are postaspirated [kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ]. In medial or final position after a stressed vowel, they are preaspirated [xk, çkʲ, hp, ht̪, htʲ].
^ ^a ^b [ə] and [ɪ] are never long and they only ever occur in unstressed position, the latter before a slender consonant.
^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hjalmar (1937). "The Dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides". Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. 8: 71–242.
^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hjalmar (1940). The Dialects of the Outer Hebrides. A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, vol. 1 (Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap suppl. vol. 1). Oslo: Aschehoug.
^ Oftedal, Magne (1956). The Gaelic of Leurbost. A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, vol. 3 (Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap suppl. vol. 4). Oslo: Aschehoug.
^ Ó Murchú, Máirtín (1989). East Perthshire Gaelic. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. ISBN 0-901282-93-6.
^ Cox, Richard A. V. (2002). The Gaelic Place-names of Carloway, Isle of Lewis. School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. ISBN 1-85500-192-6.
^ Ó Maolalaigh, Roibeard (2008). Scottish Gaelic in Twelve Weeks. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-643-4.
^ Black, Ronald (2006). Cothrom Ionnsachaidh. Edinburgh. ISBN 0906981336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Klevenhaus, Michael (2009). Lehrbuch der schottisch-gälischen Sprache. Hamburg: Buske. ISBN 978-3-87548-520-2.
^ Bauer, Michael (2011). Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Scottish Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz. ISBN 978-1907165009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Word-initial.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Medial or final.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{IPA key|H:IPA-GD}}
-The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Scottish Gaelic]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-gd}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
+The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Scottish Gaelic]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
 See [[Scottish Gaelic phonology]] and [[Scottish Gaelic orthography]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Scottish Gaelic.
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | style="vertical-align:top;" |
 {| class="wikitable" valign="top" style="width: 90%;"
-! colspan=5 | [[Consonant]]s<ref>Scottish Gaelic contrasts with [[velarized]] ("broad") and [[palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹{{IPA|ˠ}}›, are pronounced with the back of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[soft palate|velum]], which happens to the {{IPA|/l/}} in English ''pi'''ll''''' in some accents like [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] and [[General American]] and in all positions in [[Scottish English]]. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹{{IPA|ʲ}}›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the [[hard palate]] in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in ''yes''. In [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|Scottish Gaelic orthography]], broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›, and slender ones are surrounded by ‹e› and ‹i›.</ref>
+! colspan=5 | [[Consonant]]s<ref>Scottish Gaelic contrasts between [[velarized]] ("broad") and [[palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨{{IPA|ˠ}}⟩, are pronounced with the back of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[soft palate|velum]], which happens to the {{IPA|/l/}} in English ''pi'''ll''''' in some accents like [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] and [[General American]] and in all positions in [[Scottish English]]. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨{{IPA|ʲ}}⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the [[hard palate]], in a manner similar to the articulation of the ⟨y⟩ sound in ''yes''. In [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|Scottish Gaelic orthography]], broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, while slender ones are surrounded by ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩.</ref>
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | [[Scottish Gaelic phonology#Broad vs. slender|Broad]] !! colspan=2 | [[Scottish Gaelic phonology#Broad vs. slender|Slender]] !! rowspan=2 | English approximations
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ! IPA !! Examples !! IPA !! Examples
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big><ref name=j>Neither broad nor slender, slender positions instead having an on-glide or off-glide {{IPAslink|j}}.</ref>
+| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big><ref name=j>Neither broad nor slender, slender positions instead having an on- or off-glide {{IPAslink|j}}.</ref>
 | colspan=3| '''f'''ad, '''f'''ead, '''ph'''oll, '''ph'''eann
 | '''f'''ade
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 | s'''c'''at; as'''k'''ew
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big><ref name=h>In initial position, the [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] stops {{IPA|/kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ/}} are postaspirated {{IPA|[kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ]}}. In medial or final position after a stressed vowel, they are [[preaspiration|preaspirated]] {{IPA|[ʰk, ʰkʲ, ʰp, ʰt̪, ʰtʲ]}}.</ref>
+| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big><ref name=h>In initial position, the [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] stops {{IPA|/kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ/}} are postaspirated {{IPA|[kʰ, kʲʰ, pʰ, t̪ʰ, tʲʰ]}}. In medial or final position after a stressed vowel, they are [[preaspiration|preaspirated]] {{IPA|[xk, çkʲ, hp, ht̪, htʲ]}}.</ref>
 | '''c'''òta
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|kʲʰ}}</big><ref name=h/>
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|ɾʲ}}</big>
 | c'''r'''idhe, fi'''r'''
-| c'''r'''ane; c'''r'''eed (''both [[Scottish English|Scotland]]'')
+| c'''r'''ane; c'''r'''eed (''both [[Scottish English|Scotland]]''); ''American'' a'''t'''om
 |-
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s̪}}</big>
-| '''s'''ola'''s''', '''s'''peal, '''s'''gialachd
+| '''s'''ola'''s''', '''s'''peal, '''s'''geulachd
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
 | '''s'''eòl, '''s'''tiùir, '''s'''lighe, '''s'''nìomh
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|tʲʰ}}</big><ref name=h/>
 | '''t'''ìr
-| '''t'''ide, '''t'''une (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]'')
+| '''t'''ide; '''t'''une (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]'')
 |-
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big><ref name=j/>
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 | l'''e'''t; fl'''are''' (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]'')
 |-
-| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big><ref name=short>{{IPA|[ə]}} and {{IPA|[ɪ]}} are never long in stressed position, the latter being long only before a slender consonant.</ref>
+| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big><ref name=short>{{IPA|[ə]}} and {{IPA|[ɪ]}} are never long and they only ever occur in unstressed position, the latter before a slender consonant.</ref>
 | colspan=3 | fad'''a''', bail'''e'''
 | viv'''a'''
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 | colspan="3" | '''amh'''arc, '''abh'''ainn, b'''a'''ll, g'''a'''nn
 | l'''ou'''d
+|-
+| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|ei}}</big>
+| colspan="3" | s'''ei'''nn, b'''ei'''nn, p'''ei'''nnsean
+| m'''ai'''n
 |-
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|ɛu}}</big>
@@ Line 232: / Line 236: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|ɤi}}</big>
 | colspan="3" | m'''aigh'''dean, gr'''ei'''m, c'''oibh'''neil, '''oigh'''re, c'''oi'''lltean, br'''oi'''nn
-| l'''igh'''t (''[[Scottish English|Scotland]]'')
+| b'''i'''te (''[[Scottish English|Scotland]]'')
 |}
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 241: / Line 245: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
 | '''uin'''neag {{IPA|[ˈɯɲak]}}
-| [[Primary stress]] (placed before the stressed syllable)
+| [[primary stress]] (placed before the stressed syllable)
 |-
 | style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
 | nai'''dh'''eachd {{IPA|[ˈn̪ˠɛ.əxk]}}
-| [[Syllabification|Syllable break]]
+| [[Syllabification|syllable break]]
 |-
 | style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|◌̃}}</big>
 | sa'''mh'''radh {{IPA|[ˈs̪ãũɾəɣ]}}
-| [[Nasal vowel]]
+| [[nasal vowel]]
 |}
 |}
 ==Varying IPA conventions==
-Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. Most systems vary from pure IPA, particularly those used in [[Celtic Studies]]. The following table lists some of the variations commonly encountered. If an IPA symbol is in the table below, the source does not the same symbol as above.
+Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. Most systems vary from pure IPA, particularly those used in [[Celtic Studies]]. The following table lists some of the variations commonly encountered. If an IPA symbol is not in the table below, the source uses the same symbol as above.
 {| class="wikitable"
 !
 !Borgstrøm (1937)<ref name=Borgstrom1937>{{cite journal|last=Borgstrøm |first=Carl Hjalmar |title=The Dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides |year=1937 |journal=Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap |volume=8 |pages=71–242}}</ref><br>([[Barra]])
 !Borgstrøm (1940)<ref name=Borgstrom1940>{{cite book|last=Borgstrøm |first=Carl Hjalmar |title=The Dialects of the Outer Hebrides |year=1940 |series=A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, vol.&nbsp;1 (''Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap'' suppl. vol.&nbsp;1) |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug}}</ref><br>([[Outer Hebrides]])
-!Oftedal (1956)<ref name=Oftedal>{{cite book|last=Oftedal |first=Magne |title=The Gaelic of Leurbost |year=1956 |series=A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, vol.&nbsp;3 (''Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap'' suppl. vol.&nbsp;4) |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug}}</ref><br>([[Lewis]])
+!Oftedal (1956)<ref name=Oftedal>{{cite book|last=Oftedal |first=Magne |title=The Gaelic of Leurbost |year=1956 |series=A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, vol.&nbsp;3 (''Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap'' suppl. vol.&nbsp;4) |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug}}</ref><br>([[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]])
 !Ó Murchú (1989)<ref name=OMurchu>{{cite book|last=Ó Murchú |first=Máirtín |title=East Perthshire Gaelic |year=1989 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |isbn=0-901282-93-6}}</ref><br>([[Perthshire|East Perthshire]])
-!Cox (2002)<ref name=Cox>{{cite book|last=Cox |first=Richard A.&nbsp;V. |title=The Gaelic Place-names of Carloway, Isle of Lewis |year=2002 |publisher=School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |isbn=1-85500-192-6}}</ref><br>([[Lewis]])
+!Cox (2002)<ref name=Cox>{{cite book|last=Cox |first=Richard A.&nbsp;V. |title=The Gaelic Place-names of Carloway, Isle of Lewis |year=2002 |publisher=School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |isbn=1-85500-192-6}}</ref><br>([[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]])
 !Ó Maolalaigh (2008)<ref name=Maolalaigh>{{cite book|last=Ó Maolalaigh |first=Roibeard |title=Scottish Gaelic in Twelve Weeks |year=2008 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Birlinn |isbn=978-1-84158-643-4}}</ref><br>([[Mid-Minch Gaelic|over-regional]])
 !Black (2006)<ref name=Black>{{cite book|last=Black|first=Ronald|title=Cothrom Ionnsachaidh |year=2006 |location=Edinburgh|publisher=|isbn=0906981336}}</ref><br>(over-regional)
-!Klevenhaus (2009)<ref name=Klevenhaus>{{cite book|last=Klevenhaus |first=Michael |title=Lehrbuch der schottish-gälischen Sprache |year=2009 |location=Hamburg |publisher=Buske |isbn=978-3-87548-520-2}}</ref><br>Bauer (2011)<ref name=Bauer>{{cite book|last=Bauer |first=Michael |title=Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Scottish Gaelic Pronunciation |year=2011 |isbn=978-1907165009 |location=Glasgow |publisher=Akerbeltz}}</ref><br>(both over-regional)
+!Klevenhaus (2009)<ref name=Klevenhaus>{{cite book|last=Klevenhaus |first=Michael |title=Lehrbuch der schottisch-gälischen Sprache |year=2009 |location=Hamburg |publisher=Buske |isbn=978-3-87548-520-2}}</ref><br>Bauer (2011)<ref name=Bauer>{{cite book|last=Bauer |first=Michael |title=Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Scottish Gaelic Pronunciation |year=2011 |isbn=978-1907165009 |location=Glasgow |publisher=Akerbeltz}}</ref><br>(both over-regional)
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !ç
@@ Line 300: / Line 304: @@
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !p
-| b̥, p || b̬, p || b || b || b || b || b, p || b
+| b̥, p || b̬, p || b || b || b || b || b,<ref name=init/> p<ref name=final/> || b
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !pʰ
@@ Line 321: / Line 325: @@
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !t̪
-| d̥, t || d̬, t || d || d || d || d̪ || d, t || d
+| d̥, t || d̬, t || d || d || d || d̪ || d,<ref name=init/> t<ref name=final/> || d
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !tʲ
-| d̥′<sup>ž</sup>, d̥′, t′ || d̬′<sup>ž</sup>, d̬′, t′ || d′ || ǰ || d′ || dʲ || dʲ, tʲ || dʲ
+| d̥′<sup>ž</sup>, d̥′, t′ || d̬′<sup>ž</sup>, d̬′, t′ || d′ || ǰ || d′ || dʲ || dʲ,<ref name=init/> tʲ<ref name=final/> || dʲ
 |-align="center" class="IPA"
 !t̪ʰ
@@ Line 347: / Line 351: @@
 ==Notes==
 {{reflist}}
+==See also==
+*{{clc|Pages with Scottish Gaelic IPA|pages}}
 {{IPA keys}}

v t e International Phonetic Alphabet keys
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