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{{good article}}
{{Short description|Commercial building in Manhattan, New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{infobox building
{{infobox building
|image = File:3-5 E57 jeh.jpg
|image = E 57 St Apr 2021 22.jpg
|caption = 3 (left) and 5 East 57th
|caption = Seen in April 2021
|name = L. P. Hollander Company Building
|name = L. P. Hollander Company Building
|location = 3 [[57th Street (Manhattan)|East 57th Street]]<br />[[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
|location = 3 [[57th Street (Manhattan)|East 57th Street]]<br />[[Manhattan]], New York, US
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
|coordinates = {{coord|40|45|46.7|N|73|58|23.8|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|40|45|46.7|N|73|58|23.8|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
|completion_date = 1930
|completion_date = September 25, 1930
|start_date = November 1929
|architect = [[William F. Lamb]] of [[Shreve, Lamb & Harmon]]
|architect = [[William F. Lamb]] of [[Shreve, Lamb & Harmon]]
|height = {{convert|100|ft|m}}
|height = {{convert|100|ft|m}}
|floors = 9
|floors = 9
|references =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/397522/3-east-57th-street-new-york-city-ny-usa|title=3 East 57th Street}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''L .P. Hollander Company Building''' is a building located at 3 [[57th Street (Manhattan)|East 57th Street]] near the corner with [[Fifth Avenue]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. The structure, completed in 1930, began as a shop for women, as reflected in its ''delicate and rich'' design, which features feminine motifs.<ref name=big/>
'''3 East 57th Street''', originally the '''L. P. Hollander Company Building''', is a nine-story commercial building in the [[Midtown Manhattan]] neighborhood of [[New York City]]. It is along the northern side of 57th Street, just east of Fifth Avenue. 3 East 57th Street, constructed from 1929 to 1930, was designed by [[Shreve, Lamb & Harmon]] in an early [[Art Deco]] style.

3 East 57th Street's facade was originally divided vertically into three sections: a two-story base, a six-story shaft, and an attic. While the base has been heavily modified, the remainder of the facade retains its original design, with silver metal [[spandrel]]s, gray limestone [[mullion]]s, and a black granite frame. The interior of the building was designed by Jock D. Peters and Elaine Lemaire as a store for the [[L. P. Hollander Company]], a clothing retailer. When completed, the building received an award of architectural merit from the Fifth Avenue Association.

In late 1929, the L. P. Hollander Company decided to build a store on the site, which then was owned by the [[Stuyvesant family]]. The store opened in September 1930 but was occupied by the Hollander Company for less than two years. Afterward, the store was occupied by a succession of other tenants, including a [[Stouffer's]] restaurant in the 1940s and 1950s, while the upper stories were used as offices. The interior has been remodeled several times over the years by its subsequent tenants. The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] designated 3 East 57th Street as an official landmark in 2003, the same year a [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Yves Saint Laurent]] store started operating in the building.


==Site==
==Site==
3 East 57th Street is in the [[Midtown Manhattan]] neighborhood of [[New York City]], just southeast of [[Central Park]] and [[Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)|Grand Army Plaza]]. It is along the northern sidewalk of [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Street]] between [[Madison Avenue]] to the east and [[Fifth Avenue]] to the west.<ref name="ZoLa">{{Cite web|title=3 East 57 Street, 10022|url=https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1293/5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201062001/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1274/7504#16.21/40.764454/-73.972105|archive-date=December 1, 2020|access-date=September 8, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]}}</ref><ref name="aia5">{{cite aia5|pages=336}}</ref> The [[land lot]] covers {{convert|4259|ft2}} with a [[frontage]] of {{convert|42|ft}} on 57th Street and a depth of {{Convert|100.42|ft}}. Nearby sites include the [[Bergdorf Goodman Building]] and [[Solow Building]] to the west, the [[Crown Building (Manhattan)|Crown Building]] to the southwest, the [[Tiffany & Co. flagship store]] and [[Trump Tower]] to the south, [[590 Madison Avenue]] to the southeast, the [[LVMH Tower]] to the east, and the [[General Motors Building (Manhattan)|General Motors Building]] to the north.<ref name="ZoLa" />


Historically, the site had adjoined "Marble Row", a group of houses on the eastern side of Fifth Avenue from 57th to 58th Streets, built by Mary Mason Jones between 1868 and 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=July 6, 2012|title=A Woman With an Architectural Appetite|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/realestate/streetscapes-a-woman-with-an-architectural-appetite.html|access-date=November 20, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128070825/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/realestate/streetscapes-a-woman-with-an-architectural-appetite.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, East 57th Street largely contained homes and structures built for the arts.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 357">{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|p=357}}</ref><ref name="NYCL-2042">{{cite web|date=October 19, 1999|title=130 West 57th Street Studio Building|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/1999---130w57.pdf|access-date=November 20, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|pages=2–3|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423083747/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/1999---130w57.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1904, [[Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant]], a member of the [[Stuyvesant family]] and a descendant of [[New Netherland]] director-general [[Peter Stuyvesant]], acquired the site and built a private residence there.<ref name="NYCL p. 2">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 14, 1904|title=In the Real Estate Field; Building on Former Site of Chickering Hall Bought by O.B. Potter Trust|language=en-US|page=15|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/04/14/100468347.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=October 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011142902/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/04/14/100468347.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> After about 1921, art galleries started to supplant residences on 57th Street,<ref name="nyht19290113">{{cite news|date=January 13, 1929|title='Shanty Land' Now Site of $125,000,000 New Construction: Skyscrapers and Shops Have Replaced Homes of 5,000 Squatters in 57th Street|page=D1|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1111941344}}}}</ref> and other art galleries developed on the street in general.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 357" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Russell|first=John|date=April 24, 1988|title=Three Worlds of 57th Street; the World of Art|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/24/magazine/three-worlds-of-57th-street-the-world-of-art.html|access-date=November 20, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128060606/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/24/magazine/three-worlds-of-57th-street-the-world-of-art.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With the neighborhood rapidly becoming commercial,<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> Stuyvesant and his family moved to [[Harry F. Sinclair House|2 East 79th Street]] on the [[Upper East Side]] in 1930,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=Christopher|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780810944411|title=New York Streetscapes: Tales of Manhattan's Significant Buildings and Landmarks|last2=Braley|first2=Suzanne|publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams]]|year=2003|isbn=9780810944411|page=257|author1link=Christopher Gray (architectural historian)}}</ref><ref name="nyt19300111">{{Cite news|date=January 11, 1930|title=Sinclair Residence Purchaser Is Augustus Stuyvesant Jr.|language=en-US|page=32|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1930/01/11/92057982.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142004/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1930/01/11/92057982.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> though he leased the site in 1929 to the Starrett Investing Corporation.<ref name="p1111999053">{{cite news|date=August 11, 1929|title=Stuyvesant Realty On 57th Street In Long Lease|page=D1|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1111999053}}}}</ref><ref name="nyt1920811">{{Cite news|date=August 11, 1929|title=New Building Planned for East 57th Street; Starrett Investing Corporation Leases Site Near Fifth Avenue --Other Leasehold Deals.|language=en-US|page=N21|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/08/11/91915096.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142042/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/08/11/91915096.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Hollander Building is situated on a plot of land that had been occupied by the [[Peter Stuyvesant#Legacy|Stuyvesant]] home, a private residence in the 57th Street district.<ref name=award/> In 1939, the property was owned by Augustus Van Horne Stuyvesant Jr. and the estate of Anne W. Stuyvesant.<ref name=alter>{{Cite news|date=1939-12-19|title=Lessee To Alter 57th Street Building|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/12/19/archives/lessee-to-alter-57th-st-building-stouffers-rents-the-former.html|access-date=2020-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Upon its 1930 completion, it adjoined the New York Trust Company building at the corner of Fifth Avenue, which had also recently been completed.<ref name=big>{{Cite news|date=1931-04-08|title=Big Building Sold On 57th Street|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/04/08/archives/big-building-sold-on-57th-street-jp-finneran-gets-22story-office.html|access-date=2020-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A structure known as the old Hollander Building stood at 550–552 Fifth Avenue at this time.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1931-10-16|title=Bronx Mortgages Filed.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/10/16/94245271.html?pageNumber=45|access-date=2020-07-09|issn=0362-4331|page=45}}</ref>


==Design==
==Architecture==
3 East 57th Street was designed by [[William F. Lamb]] of [[Shreve, Lamb & Harmon]] as a nine-story shop building for the L. P. Hollander Company clothing store.<ref name="landmarks"/><ref name="aia5" /><ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364">{{harvnb|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|ps=.|p=364}}</ref> The building is about {{convert|100|ft}} tall.<ref name="Emporis">{{Cite web|title=3 East 57th Street|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/397522/3-east-57th-street-new-york-city-ny-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517144558/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/397522/3-east-57th-street-new-york-city-ny-usa|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 17, 2019|access-date=2021-09-11|publisher=Emporis}}</ref> Architecture writer [[Robert A. M. Stern]] wrote that, with the building's construction, "the pendulum of taste had swung definitively toward a Modernist palette".<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" />


=== Facade ===
The structure is composed of a two-story silver-clad base, a shaft made of a series of vertical lines composed of stone, and an upper panel framed horizontally but with the vertical motifs of the shaft. The whole, along with its various portions, are framed in black granite. The edifice possessed a gray, silver, and black color scheme. The silver hue is made up of aluminum metal parts, gray of the limestone [[mullions]], and black of the granite frame. Two small side doors, one for service and another which acted as a fire exit, are utilized as flanking motifs for a primary show window. The doors are plates pierced for light, grilles in reverse. Window backgrounds of the Hollander building are the work of Jock D. Peters, in collaboration with Eleanor Lemaire.<ref name=award>{{Cite news|date=1931-03-08|title=Hollander Building Wins 5th Av. Award; Prize Winner|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/08/archives/hollander-building-wins-5th-av-award-prize-winner.html|access-date=2020-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
The 57th Street facade is the only portion of the building's exterior that is visible from the street.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> As designed, it was divided vertically into three sections: a two-story base, a six-story shaft, and an attic. It used silver-colored aluminum, gray limestone, and black granite.<ref name="award">{{Cite news|date=March 8, 1931|title=Hollander Building Wins 5th Av. Award; Prize Winner|language=en-US|page=156|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/03/08/96914240.pdf|access-date=July 9, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142010/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/03/08/96914240.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1114077257">{{cite news|date=March 8, 1931|title=Hollander Co. Wins Building Design Award: Silver and Black Marble Structure Finest Finished in 5th Ave. Zone Last Year|page=E2|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1114077257}}}}</ref> The windows are brought forward to the facade's surface, rather than being set back.<ref name="landmarks">{{cite landmarks|page=605}}</ref><ref name="NYCL p. 1">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=1}}</ref> The overall design was intended to give the sense of a "weightless plane backed only by insulation", as Stern described the design.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" />


The base, comprising the first and second stories, has been heavily altered from its original design.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> The base was originally clad with silver.<ref name="award" /><ref name="p1114077257" /> There were two small side doors, one for service and another which acted as a fire exit.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /><ref name="award" /> At the center was a bronze-framed show window that was intended for displaying fashionable outfits.<ref name="landmarks" /><ref name="NYCL p. 1" /> The show window was topped by a stepped frame evocative of a [[proscenium]], and the mezzanine windows above the ground-story windows had small panes.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /> The doors were designed as "grilles in reverse", with openings to allow light into the ground story.<ref name="award" /> The first and second stories were modified with white-marble cladding following a 1939 renovation.<ref name="alter" /><ref name="p1266817051">{{cite news|date=December 19, 1939|title=Space Leased On 5th Avenue By Stouffer's: East 57th Street Building Is Leased for 21 Years as Restaurant Branch|page=41|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1266817051}}}}</ref> By the early 2000s, the base had black cladding, serving as an entrance to a store for fashion house [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Saint Laurent]].<ref name="Krentcil">{{cite web|last=Krentcil|first=Faran Alexis|title=Yves Saint Laurent|url=https://nymag.com/listings/stores/yves_saint_laurent05/|access-date=September 10, 2021|website=New York Magazine|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123102555/https://nymag.com/listings/stores/yves_saint_laurent05/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2015}}, Saint Laurent had changed the base's facade to veined white marble.<ref name="cb5">{{Cite web|date=January 2015|title=3 East 57th Street, application to change facade of the lower two floors of a landmark building|url=https://www.cb5.org/cb5m/resolutions/2015-january/3_east_57th_street_application/|access-date=January 1, 2021|publisher=Manhattan Community Board 5}}</ref>
==Tenants==


The third through eighth stories remain largely as they were originally designed. Most of the [[casement window]]s retain the steel frames from the original design. There are five vertical [[Bay (architecture)|bays]] of windows, clustered toward the center of the facade. The bays are separated horizontally by the narrow limestone [[mullion]]s, which rise from the third to the eighth story without interruption. The windows on each story are separated by embossed metal [[spandrel]]s.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> The spandrels are decorated with geometric patterns, except those below the eighth story, which have a motif of a flower at the center.<ref name="NYCL p. 5">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=5}}</ref> Typically, there would be {{Convert|12|in}} of masonry behind the steel curtain wall for insulation,<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /> but this was omitted in the design of 3 East 57th Street.<ref name="landmarks" /><ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> Lamb speculated that metal spandrels would replace masonry ones,<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref>{{cite magazine|date=June 1930|title=Metal Walls Coming|journal=Architectural Record|volume=67|pages=585}}</ref> and his firm went on to design the [[Empire State Building]] with 6,000 aluminum spandrels.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> The outer sections of 3 East 57th Street's facade are framed in black granite.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /><ref name="award" /> The eighth-story windows are topped by a stone [[lintel]] that contain ornamented motifs of fountains and fans.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" />
On March 15, 1933, fashion boutique Joseph's opened shops at the Hollander Building. The store was directed by Milton Wolf who had been president of Joseph and Benjamin Pitman, and vice-president of the original L.P. Hollander Company. Joseph's featured a number of small shops assembled under one roof. Their merchandise selection offered items as diverse as ''swirling gowns'' for spring, and ''swanky bags''.<ref>Display Ad 17--No Title", ''The New York Times'', March 12, 1933, pg. F17.</ref>
[[File:E 57 St Jul 2021 04.jpg|thumb|Detail of the upper stories]]
There are five windows on the ninth story, which are surrounded entirely by black granite, giving the impression that the ninth-story windows comprise a standalone "panel".<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /><ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> The ninth-story windows do not contain decoration but are separated horizontally by the limestone mullions. Directly above the ninth story is the building's [[parapet]], which is slightly raised at the center of the facade, directly over the windows. The parapet also has [[Festoon|swags]], [[drapery]], and stacked panels carved in stone. There is a flagpole on the rooftop above the center of the facade.<ref name="NYCL p. 6">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=6}}</ref> The stone of the parapet is used to provide a contrast against the black granite.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" />


=== Interior ===
In December 1939, the Hollander Building was leased for twenty-one years to [[Stouffer's]] for a new unit in its chain of restaurants. The company operated other eateries at 540 Fifth Avenue and in the [[Pershing Square Building]], in the [[Terminal City (Grand Central Terminal)|Terminal City]] zone near [[Grand Central Terminal]]. [[Aymar Embury II]] redesigned the two lower floors of the establishment, with a design employing white marble, featuring a new facade.<ref name=alter/>
The building has nine full stories, each measuring {{Convert|4000|ft2}}, as well as a basement.<ref name="p115534141">{{cite news|date=December 30, 1964|title=Hat Corporation Takes Big Space: Building at 3 E. 57th St. Is Named for the Company|page=52|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/12/30/93226177.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|id={{ProQuest|115534141}}|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142006/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/12/30/93226177.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> A mezzanine above the first floor dates to 1940, when a 450-seat [[Stouffer's]] restaurant opened there.<ref name="p131299043">{{cite news|date=July 18, 1940|title=Stouffer Corp. Net In Fiscal Year Likely To Set Record High: Earnings for Period Ending July 31 Indicated Around $400,000 Against $269,629 in Prior Term|page=6|work=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|id={{ProQuest|131299043}}}}</ref> Originally, when the building was a Hollander store, each floor was designed in a different manner.<ref name="NYCL p. 4">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=4}}</ref><ref name="p1111676358">{{cite news|date=November 12, 1929|title=Stuyvesant House in 57th Street Will Be Replaced With Store: Transaction in Values $19,000,000 and Means Removal of Hollander Company From 5th Avenue Old Dwelling Last of Row of Famous Homes|page=45|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1111676358}}}}</ref><ref name="p1653275884">{{cite news|date=November 12, 1929|title=New L. P. Hollander Building To Rise At 3 East 57th St.: Company To Forsake Fifth Avenue For First Time Since 1887 — Deal Involves $19000,000.|volume=39|page=24|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=95|id={{ProQuest|1653275884}}}}</ref> The interiors were designed by Jock D. Peters and Eleanor Lemaire.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /><ref name="NYCL p. 4" />


Under Hollander's operation, each story was split into smaller divisions to give an impression of a cozy space.<ref name="WWD p. 1" /> The interiors used distinct materials, including aspen wood and lacquer for the display boxes.<ref name="WWD pp. 1, 28">{{harvnb|Women's Wear Daily|1930|ps=.|pp=1, 28}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|date=Jan 1931|title=L.P. Hollander Company Store|journal=Architectural Record|volume=69|pages=2–6}}</ref> The first floor sold accessories such as perfume and jewelry.<ref name="WWD pp. 2, 27">{{harvnb|Women's Wear Daily|1930|ps=.|pp=2, 27}}</ref> The second floor had a decorative art and gift shop, as well as a nightwear division.<ref name="WWD pp. 1, 28" /> The third floor sold sportswear and was decorated with vermillion and zebra-wood; the coat section had cork walls.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /><ref name="WWD p. 28">{{harvnb|Women's Wear Daily|1930|ps=.|p=28}}</ref> The fourth floor, devoted to selling hats and furs, included a millinery shop with satin-wood and lacquer tables, as well as a fur shop with leather on the walls.<ref name="WWD p. 28" /> The fur salon had decorative glass panels by [[Maurice Heaton]], composed of both gray and translucent panels.<ref name="Stern (1987) pp. 364-366">{{harvnb|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|ps=.|pp=364–366}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Clute|first=Eugene|date=Jul 1931|title=Craftsmanship in Decorated Glass|journal=Architecture|volume=64|pages=11–16}}</ref> Ready-to-wear clothing was sold on the fifth floor,<ref name="WWD p. 1" /> while a custom-made clothing department was on the sixth floor.<ref name="WWD p. 27" /> The "debonair" department on the seventh floor had English oak cabinetry with lacquer trim.<ref name="Stern (1987) p. 364" /><ref name="WWD p. 27">{{harvnb|Women's Wear Daily|1930|ps=.|p=27}}</ref> The eighth floor had custom workrooms and the ninth floor had executive offices.<ref name="WWD p. 28" />
==Critical reception==

The edifice received the 1930 gold medal of the [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]] Association for the ''best structure'' built in the Fifth Avenue district during the year.<ref name=award/>
The various subsequent tenants have redesigned the building in different styles. When fashion boutique Joseph's took over the building in 1933, the ground floor was converted to tiny "shops" selling various accessories. The other floors were largely similar to those of Hollander's: lingerie on the second floor, coats and sportswear on the third, footwear on the fourth, ready-to-wears on the fifth, and custom-made clothes on the sixth.<ref name="p1654277039">{{cite news|date=March 15, 1933|title=Invitation Gala Fashion Revue Marks Opening Of The New "Joseph" On 57th Street: Emphasis On Original Designs And Import Adaptations Characterizes Costume Showing — Shop To Be Merchandised On Cash Basis|volume=46|pages=1, 18|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=51|id={{ProQuest|1654277039}}}}</ref> The Plummer home-furnishing store, opened in 1961, had a wrought-iron staircase from the first floor, as well as decorative railings on the mezzanine.<ref name="p1325640744">{{cite news|date=June 2, 1961|title=Plummer Adds Furniture to Its New Store|page=16|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1325640744}}}}</ref> Silver, china, and crystal was sold on the first floor; yachts on the mezzanine; and lamps on the second floor.<ref name="p1325640744" /><ref name="nyt19610610">{{Cite news|date=June 10, 1961|title=Store Offers More Goods After Move|language=en-US|page=11|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/10/97673038.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142006/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/10/97673038.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> When the storefront was converted to a Saint Laurent store during the early 2000s, there was a handbag department in the lobby, a white-decorated shoe salon in the rear of the first floor, and black display niches on the second floor.<ref name="Krentcil" /> {{As of|2015}}, Saint Laurent has a womenswear department on the first floor and menswear on the second floor.<ref name="Babcock 20152">{{cite web|last=Babcock|first=Gregory|date=October 23, 2015|title=Saint Laurent Re-Opens Its 57th Flagship Boutique|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2015/10/saint-laurent-57th-st-flagship-reopening|access-date=September 10, 2021|website=Complex|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183933/https://www.complex.com/style/2015/10/saint-laurent-57th-st-flagship-reopening|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The L. P. Hollander Company was founded in 1848 by Maria Theresa Hollander ([[née]] Baldwin).<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Bacon 1916 p. 335">{{cite book |last=Bacon |first=Edwin M. |author-link=Edwin Munroe Bacon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YR5aY_o5ygC&pg=PA335 |title=The Book of Boston: Fifty Years' Recollections of the New England Metropolis |publisher=Book of Boston Company |year=1916 |isbn=978-0-7884-2895-1 |page=335 |access-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142149/https://books.google.com/books?id=-YR5aY_o5ygC&pg=PA335 |url-status=live}}</ref> The company originally sold men's and women's clothes in [[Boston]] but subsequently opened branches throughout [[New England]], as well as one in New York City.<ref name="Bacon 1916 p. 335" /><ref name="NYCL pp. 2-3">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|pp=2–3}}</ref> The branch store in New York City opened on Fifth Avenue in 1890, ultimately relocating to 550–552 Fifth Avenue by 1911.<ref name="Bacon 1916 p. 335" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003|ps=.|p=3}}</ref> The Hollander family sold the company in April 1929.<ref name="p1111676358" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> Its new president Clarence G. Sheffield was planning to move to 57th Street, where the company would erect a new nine-story store.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" />

=== Development ===
[[File:E 57 St Jul 2021 08.jpg|thumb|Side view of the storefront]]
In August 1929, the Starrett Investing Corporation signed a 21-year lease for the site at 3 East 57th Street, with the opportunity for two 21-year extensions. The corporation intended to demolish Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant's old house.<ref name="p1111999053" /><ref name="nyt1920811" /> By that November, the details of the new store had been announced. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon were to be the architects, while Starrett Brothers was to be the general contractor. The store would be designed in a French style, with a facade of granite, aluminum, and steel.<ref name="p1111676358" /><ref name="p1653275884" /><ref name="nyt19291112">{{Cite news|date=November 12, 1929|title=57th Street Site for Hollander Co.; Old Stuyvesant Home, Close to Fifth Avenue, Leased for Business Uses.|language=en-US|page=R61|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/11/12/96012856.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142006/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/11/12/96012856.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> This design was selected because 3 East 57th Street would be shorter than an existing 20-story building at 5–7 East 57th Street to the east,<ref name="p1111676358" /> as well as the [[New York Trust Company]]'s new 22-story structure to the west.<ref name="big">{{Cite news|date=April 8, 1931|title=Big Building Sold On 57th Street|language=en-US|page=42|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/04/08/103211619.pdf|access-date=July 9, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142039/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/04/08/103211619.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The site was to be the fourth relocation for the New York City store and the first location that was not on Fifth Avenue.<ref name="p1653275884" />

Augustus Van Horne Stuyvesant Jr. and the estate of Anne W. Stuyvesant agreed to allow the Starrett Investing Corporation to sublease the property to the Hollander Company.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 13, 1929|title=Leaseholds Listed.; West Side Structures and East Side Plot Are Taken.|language=en-US|page=R49|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/11/13/92004390.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142037/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/11/13/92004390.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The net lease was to be $90,000 a year.<ref name="nyt19300111" /> The Hollander Company also leased two floors at 5–7 East 57th Street for its manufacturing division.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="p1653628622">{{cite news|date=July 16, 1930|title=Realty News: L. P. Hollander Leases Extra Space|volume=41|page=25|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=11|id={{ProQuest|1653628622}}}}</ref> By August 1930, the Hollander Company was selling all the merchandise at its old location in preparation for its relocation to the new store.<ref name="p1654311489">{{cite news|date=August 20, 1930|title=Hollander's Holds Sale Prior To Moving|volume=41|page=2|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=36|id={{ProQuest|1654311489}}}}</ref> The 57th Street building opened on September 25, 1930. The departments in the new store were mostly the same as those in the old location, but the children's department of Hollander's New York City store was discontinued, and a gift shop and a "debonair shop" were added.<ref name="WWD p. 1">{{harvnb|ps=.|Women's Wear Daily|1930|p=1}}</ref> In 1931, the [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]] Association awarded its gold medal to 3 East 57th Street for the best structure built in the Fifth Avenue district during 1930.<ref name="award" /><ref name="p1114077257" />

=== 1930s to 1950s ===
The Hollander Company had been prosperous when it commissioned the new store.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> However, it declared bankruptcy in February 1932, less than two years after moving into the building,<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 20, 1932|title=L.P. Hollander & Co. Bankrupt.|language=en-US|page=21|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/02/20/105783150.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142051/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/02/20/105783150.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1653976484">{{cite news|date=February 23, 1932|title=Ready-To-Wear Section: L.P. Hollander Co. Voluntary Petition Filed: Court Record At Boston Shows $484,209 Liabilities And $853,586 Assets—Store Officials Decline Comment.|volume=44|pages=SII1, SII5|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=36|id={{ProQuest|1653976484}}}}</ref> for unknown reasons.<ref name="p1653976484"/> After a failed attempt to avoid receivership,<ref name="p1653235264">{{cite news|date=March 7, 1932|title=Ready – To – Wear Section: Hope To Keep L.P. Hollander & Co. Going: Receivers And Chairman Of Creditors' Committee In Determined Effort To Keep Company In Business.|volume=44|pages=SII1, SII8|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=45|id={{ProQuest|1653235264}}}}</ref> the company sold all the products in the store the following month,<ref name="p1653697803">{{cite news|date=March 25, 1932|title=All Mdse. Of L. P. Hollander Co. Auctioned: Wm. Filene's Sons Co. Purchaser Merchandising In Boston And New York Stores For $39,500.|volume=44|pages=7|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=59|id={{ProQuest|1653697803}}}}</ref> earning $23,000 from the liquidation.<ref name="p1654223629">{{cite news|date=April 8, 1932|title=Financial News: Hollander Fixtures Here Bring $23,600|volume=44|pages=7|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=69|id={{ProQuest|1654223629}}}}</ref> A new L. P. Hollander Company was established that June at 8 West 56th Street, one block south.<ref name="p1114522351">{{cite news|date=June 10, 1932|title=Liggett Chain Takes Location In Plaza Zone: Leases Corner Stove in Now Lexington Av. Building; Hollander Co. Rents Floor|page=38|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1114522351}}}}</ref><ref name="p1653299054">{{cite news|date=June 10, 1932|title=L. P. Hollander Opens New Store: 56th Street Establishment To Carry Coats, Suits, Wraps And Dresses|volume=44|pages=2|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=113|id={{ProQuest|1653299054}}}}</ref> In December 1932, the owner of 3 East 57th Street reassigned the lease from the Starrett Investing Corporation to the Zeeland Corporation.<ref name="p99777039">{{cite news|date=December 1, 1932|title=Changes Recorded in Building Leases: Sales and Surrenders of Con- Tracts Are Filed at the Register's Office.|page=39|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|id={{ProQuest|99777039}}}}</ref> The same month, Zeeland subleased the building to fashion boutique Joseph's,<ref name="p1114558515">{{cite news|date=December 20, 1932|title=Apparel Dealer Rents Building In Plaza Zone: Structure in 57th Street' Will Produce $2,450,000 Rental Over Long Term|page=34|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1114558515}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 20, 1932|title=Dressmaker Takes 57th St. Building; Joseph, Inc., Rents Nine-story Structure Near Fifth Av. For Long Term|language=en-US|page=36|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/12/20/105894645.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142042/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/12/20/105894645.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> which opened a shop there in March 1933.<ref name="p1654277039" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 15, 1933|title=New Apparel Store Opens.|language=en-US|page=31|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/03/15/99215505.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142209/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/03/15/99215505.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Joseph's occupancy, the building hosted events, including a fundraiser for cancer awareness in 1933<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 3, 1933|title=57th Street Fair Opens for Charity; Prominent Women in Charge of Bazaar Held to Aid Cancer Institute. Carnival Spirit Prevails Midway Attractions Enliven Sale – Debutantes as Manikins in Costume Parade.|language=en-US|page=14|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/05/03/99230749.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142044/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/05/03/99230749.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> and a fundraiser for the Italian Junior League in early 1934.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 18, 1934|title=Game Party to Aid Welfare Project; Many Diversions Planned by Italian League for Event on Saturday Night.|language=en-US|page=5|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/03/18/93755221.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142009/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/03/18/93755221.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 1939, the Hollander Building was leased for 21 years to [[Stouffer's]] for a new unit in its chain of restaurants. [[Aymar Embury II]] redesigned the two lower floors with a new white-marble facade. In addition, Embury installed a mezzanine between the first and second floor.<ref name="alter">{{Cite news|date=December 19, 1939|title=Lessee To Alter 57th Street Building|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/12/19/archives/lessee-to-alter-57th-st-building-stouffers-rents-the-former.html|access-date=July 9, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710002424/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/12/19/archives/lessee-to-alter-57th-st-building-stouffers-rents-the-former.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1266817051" />{{efn|It is unclear whether the alterations were made. The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] indicates that the modifications had apparently not been made,<ref name="NYCL p. 6"/> but a ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]'' article mentioned that the building had been recently renovated.<ref name="p1256559126">{{cite news|date=November 2, 1941|title=Store Vacancies Found Scarce In East 57th St.|page=C2|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1256559126}}}}</ref>}} It opened in September 1940;<ref name=nyt19600526/> soon afterward, a bomb scare forced the addition of a police presence around the restaurant.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 24, 1940|title=3 Restaurants Here Guarded From Bombs; Police Protect Stouffer Chain After Blasts in 2 Cities|language=en-US|page=32|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/11/24/695466122.pdf|access-date=September 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142045/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/11/24/695466122.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1247369261">{{cite news|date=November 24, 1940|title=Cleveland Unit Of Restaurant Chain Bombed: Second Blast on Stouffer's Properly Follows Soon After One at Philadelphia|page=31|work=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1247369261}}}}</ref> The Stuyvesant estate transferred the building to [[St. Luke's Hospital (Manhattan)|St. Luke's Hospital]] in 1958, and the hospital sold the building to [[Webb and Knapp]] in May 1960.<ref name=nyt19600526>{{Cite news|date=May 26, 1960|title=3 E. 57th St. Sold to Webb & Knapp: Buyer Leases Building to Plummer, Ltd. – Loft on W. 26th St. Changes Hands|language=en-US|page=34|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/05/26/105437206.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142010/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/05/26/105437206.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|According to the Landmarks Preservation Commission, the Stuyvesant estate transferred ownership of the building as early as 1954.<ref name="NYCL p. 6"/>}} The Stouffer's restaurant continued to operate in the building until the expiration of its lease in August 1961.<ref name=nyt19600526/>

=== 1960s to present ===
[[File:3-5 E57 jeh.jpg|thumb|3 (left) and 5 East 57th]]
Shortly before Stouffer's lease expired, home-furnishing retailer W. H. Plummer & Co. signed a 30-year net lease for the building.<ref name="nyt19600526" /> In May 1961, Webb and Knapp sold the building to an investment syndicate for $465,000.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 30, 1961|title=Building in Deal at 3 E. 57th St.; Syndicate Gets Office Unit – Uptown House Sold|language=en-US|page=23|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/05/30/98539989.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142046/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/05/30/98539989.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The Plummer store opened in the first floor, mezzanine, and second floor the following month,<ref name="p1325640744" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 2, 1961|title=Plummer in New Quarters|language=en-US|page=49|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/02/118040523.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142210/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/02/118040523.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> moving from an adjacent Fifth Avenue building.<ref name="nyt19610610" /> Other stories were subleased to office tenants, including Laura Dee Advertising Service on the fourth floor and Motion Picture Stages on the sixth floor.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 6, 1961|title=Ad Agency Takes Floor in Midtown; Space in Dynamics Building – Other Rental Deals|language=en-US|page=60|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/06/118041465.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142210/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/06/118041465.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Plummer had occupied 3 East 57th Street for less than a year when it went bankrupt in March 1962.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 3, 1962|title=Plummer, Ltd., Held Bankrupt by Court|language=en-US|page=32|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/03/03/83486106.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142210/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/03/03/83486106.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Samuel Wechsler acquired Plummer and leased the building that July, with plans to add a shipping department in the basement and offices on the ninth floor, thereby expanding the store to {{Convert|14000|ft2}}. The other {{Convert|24000|ft2}} of space not used by the store would continue to be subleased.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 3, 1962|title=Wechsler Leases Plummer Building|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/07/03/84791502.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142213/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/07/03/84791502.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The newly combined Plummer McCutcheon store opened in October 1962.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 6, 1962|title=Store Combines Linen and Tableware|language=en-US|page=14|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/10/06/90199798.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142214/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/10/06/90199798.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Hat Corporation of America]], which sold Cavanagh-branded hats and clothing, was planning to open a store in the building by April 1964.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 5, 1964|title=Cavanagh Forced to Move Hat Shop; 57th St. Store to Replace One on Park Avenue|language=en-US|page=116|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/04/05/106953623.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142215/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/04/05/106953623.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The company's new store opened that November after the lowest stories were renovated for $500,000.<ref name="p115925969">{{Cite news|date=November 5, 1964|title=Cavanagh Opening New Retail Store|language=en-US|page=75|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/11/05/118687439.pdf|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|id={{ProQuest|115925969}}|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420142215/http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/11/05/118687439.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref> By the following month, the building was fully occupied; it was renamed for the Hat Corporation of America, which had a store on the basement through second story, as well as wholesale showrooms and offices on the third through fifth floors. Plummer McCutcheon and Sound Makers Inc. each took a full story, the Mark Century Corporation took one and a half floors, and Florian de Narde took the remaining half-floor.<ref name="p115534141" />

Cavanagh only operated a store in the building until 1971, when the basement through second story were leased to numismatic dealer Harmer Rooke & Co.<ref name="p119065053">{{cite news|last=Oser|first=Alan S.|date=February 21, 1971|title=Battery Park City Presses On Without Office Lessee: Battery Park City Is Pressing On|page=R1|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|id={{ProQuest|119065053}}}}</ref> By the 1980s, the building's tenants included philatelic publisher [[Scott Publishing Co.|Scott Publishing]]<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Ware|first=Jane|date=Sep 1986|title=Sidney: The City of Philately Love|journal=Ohio|volume=9|issue=6|pages=163|id={{ProQuest|221263553}}}}</ref> and an [[Ann Inc.|Ann Taylor]] store.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schiro|first=Anne-Marie|date=March 9, 1983|title=Discoveries|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/09/garden/discoveries.html|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183933/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/09/garden/discoveries.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ann Taylor store held a ten-year lease for four stories at the building's base until 1994.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Slatin|first=Peter|date=November 16, 1994|title=Real Estate; Madison Ave. Store for Ann Taylor|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/16/business/real-estate-madison-ave-store-for-ann-taylor.html|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183935/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/16/business/real-estate-madison-ave-store-for-ann-taylor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Designs Inc., a store selling [[Levi Strauss & Co.]] clothing, then leased the {{Convert|15000|ft2}} that had been taken up by Ann Taylor.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 10, 1994|title=New Yorkers & Co.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/nyregion/new-yorkers-co-619736.html|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183934/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/nyregion/new-yorkers-co-619736.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] designated the building as a landmark on June 17, 2003.<ref name="landmarks" /> Saint Laurent opened in the building the same year,<ref name="p219187553">{{cite magazine|last=Curan|first=Christine|date=January 26, 2004|title=Flagships flying high|volume=20|issue=4|page=3|id={{ProQuest|219187553}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> initially taking up two stories.<ref name="Babcock 20152" /><ref name="wsj20151023">{{Cite news|date=October 23, 2015|title=Saint Laurent's NYC Flagship Gets a Makeover|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saint-laurents-nyc-flagship-gets-a-makeover-1445616597|access-date=September 10, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183933/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saint-laurents-nyc-flagship-gets-a-makeover-1445616597|url-status=live}}</ref> The opening of the Saint Laurent store prompted speculation that its nearby flagship on Madison Avenue would be closed.<ref name="p231270728">{{cite news|last=Edelson|first=Sharon|date=June 28, 2005|title=Gucci Group Closes Yves Saint Laurent Store in Manhasset|volume=189|pages=5|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=135|id={{ProQuest|231270728}}}}</ref> By 2013, there were plans to redesign the 57th Street store.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Eric|date=January 16, 2013|title=A First Look at Saint Laurent in the Stores|url=https://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/a-first-look-at-saint-laurent-in-the-stores/|access-date=September 10, 2021|website=On the Runway Blog|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183935/https://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/a-first-look-at-saint-laurent-in-the-stores/|url-status=live}}</ref> After a 259-day renovation,<ref name="wsj20151023" /> Saint Laurent reopened in October 2015.<ref name="Babcock 20152" /><ref name="Babcock 2015">{{cite web|last=Babcock|first=Gregory|date=October 23, 2015|title=Saint Laurent Re-Opens Its 57th Flagship Boutique|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2015/10/saint-laurent-57th-st-flagship-reopening|access-date=September 10, 2021|website=Complex|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183933/https://www.complex.com/style/2015/10/saint-laurent-57th-st-flagship-reopening|url-status=live}}</ref> The facade was resurfaced in white granite<ref name="wsj20151023" /> despite the opposition of the local [[Manhattan Community Board 5]].<ref name="cb5" /> The renovation expanded Saint Laurent from two to three stories.<ref name="Babcock 20152" /> At the time, it occupied about {{Convert|14000|ft2}} and was the only three-story Saint Laurent store in the world.<ref name="wsj20151023" />


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets]]
* [[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets]]


==References==
==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{Commonscat}}
* {{cite web|date=June 17, 2003|title=(Former) L. P. Hollander & Company Building|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2124.pdf|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2003}}}}
* {{cite news|date=September 25, 1930|title=Hollander's New Building Opens Today|volume=41|pages=1, 28|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=61|id={{ProQuest|1653550436}}|ref={{harvid|Women's Wear Daily|1930}}}}
** {{cite news|date=September 25, 1930|title=Rich Display Marks First Presentation Of New Hollander Shop|volume=41|pages=2, 27|work=Women's Wear Daily|issue=61|id={{ProQuest|1653549239}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite NY1930}}


{{Midtown North, Manhattan}}
{{Midtown North, Manhattan}}

Revision as of 23:18, 18 June 2024

L. P. Hollander Company Building
Seen in April 2021
Map
General information
Location3 East 57th Street
Manhattan, New York, US
Coordinates40°45′46.7″N 73°58′23.8″W / 40.762972°N 73.973278°W / 40.762972; -73.973278
Construction startedNovember 1929
CompletedSeptember 25, 1930
Height100 feet (30 m)
Technical details
Floor count9
Design and construction
Architect(s)William F. Lamb of Shreve, Lamb & Harmon

3 East 57th Street, originally the L. P. Hollander Company Building, is a nine-story commercial building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along the northern side of 57th Street, just east of Fifth Avenue. 3 East 57th Street, constructed from 1929 to 1930, was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon in an early Art Deco style.

3 East 57th Street's facade was originally divided vertically into three sections: a two-story base, a six-story shaft, and an attic. While the base has been heavily modified, the remainder of the facade retains its original design, with silver metal spandrels, gray limestone mullions, and a black granite frame. The interior of the building was designed by Jock D. Peters and Elaine Lemaire as a store for the L. P. Hollander Company, a clothing retailer. When completed, the building received an award of architectural merit from the Fifth Avenue Association.

In late 1929, the L. P. Hollander Company decided to build a store on the site, which then was owned by the Stuyvesant family. The store opened in September 1930 but was occupied by the Hollander Company for less than two years. Afterward, the store was occupied by a succession of other tenants, including a Stouffer's restaurant in the 1940s and 1950s, while the upper stories were used as offices. The interior has been remodeled several times over the years by its subsequent tenants. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated 3 East 57th Street as an official landmark in 2003, the same year a Yves Saint Laurent store started operating in the building.

Site

3 East 57th Street is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, just southeast of Central Park and Grand Army Plaza. It is along the northern sidewalk of 57th Street between Madison Avenue to the east and Fifth Avenue to the west.[1][2] The land lot covers 4,259 square feet (395.7 m2) with a frontage of 42 feet (13 m) on 57th Street and a depth of 100.42 feet (30.61 m). Nearby sites include the Bergdorf Goodman Building and Solow Building to the west, the Crown Building to the southwest, the Tiffany & Co. flagship store and Trump Tower to the south, 590 Madison Avenue to the southeast, the LVMH Tower to the east, and the General Motors Building to the north.[1]

Historically, the site had adjoined "Marble Row", a group of houses on the eastern side of Fifth Avenue from 57th to 58th Streets, built by Mary Mason Jones between 1868 and 1870.[3] During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, East 57th Street largely contained homes and structures built for the arts.[4][5] In 1904, Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant, a member of the Stuyvesant family and a descendant of New Netherland director-general Peter Stuyvesant, acquired the site and built a private residence there.[6][7] After about 1921, art galleries started to supplant residences on 57th Street,[8] and other art galleries developed on the street in general.[4][9] With the neighborhood rapidly becoming commercial,[6] Stuyvesant and his family moved to 2 East 79th Street on the Upper East Side in 1930,[10][11] though he leased the site in 1929 to the Starrett Investing Corporation.[12][13]

Architecture

3 East 57th Street was designed by William F. Lamb of Shreve, Lamb & Harmon as a nine-story shop building for the L. P. Hollander Company clothing store.[14][2][15] The building is about 100 feet (30 m) tall.[16] Architecture writer Robert A. M. Stern wrote that, with the building's construction, "the pendulum of taste had swung definitively toward a Modernist palette".[15]

Facade

The 57th Street facade is the only portion of the building's exterior that is visible from the street.[17] As designed, it was divided vertically into three sections: a two-story base, a six-story shaft, and an attic. It used silver-colored aluminum, gray limestone, and black granite.[18][19] The windows are brought forward to the facade's surface, rather than being set back.[14][20] The overall design was intended to give the sense of a "weightless plane backed only by insulation", as Stern described the design.[15]

The base, comprising the first and second stories, has been heavily altered from its original design.[17] The base was originally clad with silver.[18][19] There were two small side doors, one for service and another which acted as a fire exit.[15][18] At the center was a bronze-framed show window that was intended for displaying fashionable outfits.[14][20] The show window was topped by a stepped frame evocative of a proscenium, and the mezzanine windows above the ground-story windows had small panes.[15] The doors were designed as "grilles in reverse", with openings to allow light into the ground story.[18] The first and second stories were modified with white-marble cladding following a 1939 renovation.[21][22] By the early 2000s, the base had black cladding, serving as an entrance to a store for fashion house Saint Laurent.[23] As of 2015, Saint Laurent had changed the base's facade to veined white marble.[24]

The third through eighth stories remain largely as they were originally designed. Most of the casement windows retain the steel frames from the original design. There are five vertical bays of windows, clustered toward the center of the facade. The bays are separated horizontally by the narrow limestone mullions, which rise from the third to the eighth story without interruption. The windows on each story are separated by embossed metal spandrels.[17] The spandrels are decorated with geometric patterns, except those below the eighth story, which have a motif of a flower at the center.[25] Typically, there would be 12 inches (300 mm) of masonry behind the steel curtain wall for insulation,[15] but this was omitted in the design of 3 East 57th Street.[14][25] Lamb speculated that metal spandrels would replace masonry ones,[25][26] and his firm went on to design the Empire State Building with 6,000 aluminum spandrels.[25] The outer sections of 3 East 57th Street's facade are framed in black granite.[17][18] The eighth-story windows are topped by a stone lintel that contain ornamented motifs of fountains and fans.[17]

Detail of the upper stories

There are five windows on the ninth story, which are surrounded entirely by black granite, giving the impression that the ninth-story windows comprise a standalone "panel".[15][25] The ninth-story windows do not contain decoration but are separated horizontally by the limestone mullions. Directly above the ninth story is the building's parapet, which is slightly raised at the center of the facade, directly over the windows. The parapet also has swags, drapery, and stacked panels carved in stone. There is a flagpole on the rooftop above the center of the facade.[17] The stone of the parapet is used to provide a contrast against the black granite.[25]

Interior

The building has nine full stories, each measuring 4,000 square feet (370 m2), as well as a basement.[27] A mezzanine above the first floor dates to 1940, when a 450-seat Stouffer's restaurant opened there.[28] Originally, when the building was a Hollander store, each floor was designed in a different manner.[29][30][31] The interiors were designed by Jock D. Peters and Eleanor Lemaire.[15][29]

Under Hollander's operation, each story was split into smaller divisions to give an impression of a cozy space.[32] The interiors used distinct materials, including aspen wood and lacquer for the display boxes.[33][34] The first floor sold accessories such as perfume and jewelry.[35] The second floor had a decorative art and gift shop, as well as a nightwear division.[33] The third floor sold sportswear and was decorated with vermillion and zebra-wood; the coat section had cork walls.[15][36] The fourth floor, devoted to selling hats and furs, included a millinery shop with satin-wood and lacquer tables, as well as a fur shop with leather on the walls.[36] The fur salon had decorative glass panels by Maurice Heaton, composed of both gray and translucent panels.[37][38] Ready-to-wear clothing was sold on the fifth floor,[32] while a custom-made clothing department was on the sixth floor.[39] The "debonair" department on the seventh floor had English oak cabinetry with lacquer trim.[15][39] The eighth floor had custom workrooms and the ninth floor had executive offices.[36]

The various subsequent tenants have redesigned the building in different styles. When fashion boutique Joseph's took over the building in 1933, the ground floor was converted to tiny "shops" selling various accessories. The other floors were largely similar to those of Hollander's: lingerie on the second floor, coats and sportswear on the third, footwear on the fourth, ready-to-wears on the fifth, and custom-made clothes on the sixth.[40] The Plummer home-furnishing store, opened in 1961, had a wrought-iron staircase from the first floor, as well as decorative railings on the mezzanine.[41] Silver, china, and crystal was sold on the first floor; yachts on the mezzanine; and lamps on the second floor.[41][42] When the storefront was converted to a Saint Laurent store during the early 2000s, there was a handbag department in the lobby, a white-decorated shoe salon in the rear of the first floor, and black display niches on the second floor.[23] As of 2015, Saint Laurent has a womenswear department on the first floor and menswear on the second floor.[43]

History

The L. P. Hollander Company was founded in 1848 by Maria Theresa Hollander (née Baldwin).[6][44] The company originally sold men's and women's clothes in Boston but subsequently opened branches throughout New England, as well as one in New York City.[44][45] The branch store in New York City opened on Fifth Avenue in 1890, ultimately relocating to 550–552 Fifth Avenue by 1911.[44][46] The Hollander family sold the company in April 1929.[30][46] Its new president Clarence G. Sheffield was planning to move to 57th Street, where the company would erect a new nine-story store.[46]

Development

Side view of the storefront

In August 1929, the Starrett Investing Corporation signed a 21-year lease for the site at 3 East 57th Street, with the opportunity for two 21-year extensions. The corporation intended to demolish Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant's old house.[12][13] By that November, the details of the new store had been announced. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon were to be the architects, while Starrett Brothers was to be the general contractor. The store would be designed in a French style, with a facade of granite, aluminum, and steel.[30][31][47] This design was selected because 3 East 57th Street would be shorter than an existing 20-story building at 5–7 East 57th Street to the east,[30] as well as the New York Trust Company's new 22-story structure to the west.[48] The site was to be the fourth relocation for the New York City store and the first location that was not on Fifth Avenue.[31]

Augustus Van Horne Stuyvesant Jr. and the estate of Anne W. Stuyvesant agreed to allow the Starrett Investing Corporation to sublease the property to the Hollander Company.[49] The net lease was to be $90,000 a year.[11] The Hollander Company also leased two floors at 5–7 East 57th Street for its manufacturing division.[25][50] By August 1930, the Hollander Company was selling all the merchandise at its old location in preparation for its relocation to the new store.[51] The 57th Street building opened on September 25, 1930. The departments in the new store were mostly the same as those in the old location, but the children's department of Hollander's New York City store was discontinued, and a gift shop and a "debonair shop" were added.[32] In 1931, the Fifth Avenue Association awarded its gold medal to 3 East 57th Street for the best structure built in the Fifth Avenue district during 1930.[18][19]

1930s to 1950s

The Hollander Company had been prosperous when it commissioned the new store.[25] However, it declared bankruptcy in February 1932, less than two years after moving into the building,[52][53] for unknown reasons.[53] After a failed attempt to avoid receivership,[54] the company sold all the products in the store the following month,[55] earning $23,000 from the liquidation.[56] A new L. P. Hollander Company was established that June at 8 West 56th Street, one block south.[57][58] In December 1932, the owner of 3 East 57th Street reassigned the lease from the Starrett Investing Corporation to the Zeeland Corporation.[59] The same month, Zeeland subleased the building to fashion boutique Joseph's,[60][61] which opened a shop there in March 1933.[40][62] Under Joseph's occupancy, the building hosted events, including a fundraiser for cancer awareness in 1933[63] and a fundraiser for the Italian Junior League in early 1934.[64]

In December 1939, the Hollander Building was leased for 21 years to Stouffer's for a new unit in its chain of restaurants. Aymar Embury II redesigned the two lower floors with a new white-marble facade. In addition, Embury installed a mezzanine between the first and second floor.[21][22][a] It opened in September 1940;[66] soon afterward, a bomb scare forced the addition of a police presence around the restaurant.[67][68] The Stuyvesant estate transferred the building to St. Luke's Hospital in 1958, and the hospital sold the building to Webb and Knapp in May 1960.[66][b] The Stouffer's restaurant continued to operate in the building until the expiration of its lease in August 1961.[66]

1960s to present

3 (left) and 5 East 57th

Shortly before Stouffer's lease expired, home-furnishing retailer W. H. Plummer & Co. signed a 30-year net lease for the building.[66] In May 1961, Webb and Knapp sold the building to an investment syndicate for $465,000.[69] The Plummer store opened in the first floor, mezzanine, and second floor the following month,[41][70] moving from an adjacent Fifth Avenue building.[42] Other stories were subleased to office tenants, including Laura Dee Advertising Service on the fourth floor and Motion Picture Stages on the sixth floor.[71] Plummer had occupied 3 East 57th Street for less than a year when it went bankrupt in March 1962.[72] Samuel Wechsler acquired Plummer and leased the building that July, with plans to add a shipping department in the basement and offices on the ninth floor, thereby expanding the store to 14,000 square feet (1,300 m2). The other 24,000 square feet (2,200 m2) of space not used by the store would continue to be subleased.[73] The newly combined Plummer McCutcheon store opened in October 1962.[74]

The Hat Corporation of America, which sold Cavanagh-branded hats and clothing, was planning to open a store in the building by April 1964.[75] The company's new store opened that November after the lowest stories were renovated for $500,000.[76] By the following month, the building was fully occupied; it was renamed for the Hat Corporation of America, which had a store on the basement through second story, as well as wholesale showrooms and offices on the third through fifth floors. Plummer McCutcheon and Sound Makers Inc. each took a full story, the Mark Century Corporation took one and a half floors, and Florian de Narde took the remaining half-floor.[27]

Cavanagh only operated a store in the building until 1971, when the basement through second story were leased to numismatic dealer Harmer Rooke & Co.[77] By the 1980s, the building's tenants included philatelic publisher Scott Publishing[78] and an Ann Taylor store.[79] The Ann Taylor store held a ten-year lease for four stories at the building's base until 1994.[80] Designs Inc., a store selling Levi Strauss & Co. clothing, then leased the 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) that had been taken up by Ann Taylor.[81]

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building as a landmark on June 17, 2003.[14] Saint Laurent opened in the building the same year,[82] initially taking up two stories.[43][83] The opening of the Saint Laurent store prompted speculation that its nearby flagship on Madison Avenue would be closed.[84] By 2013, there were plans to redesign the 57th Street store.[85] After a 259-day renovation,[83] Saint Laurent reopened in October 2015.[43][86] The facade was resurfaced in white granite[83] despite the opposition of the local Manhattan Community Board 5.[24] The renovation expanded Saint Laurent from two to three stories.[43] At the time, it occupied about 14,000 square feet (1,300 m2) and was the only three-story Saint Laurent store in the world.[83]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ It is unclear whether the alterations were made. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission indicates that the modifications had apparently not been made,[17] but a New York Herald Tribune article mentioned that the building had been recently renovated.[65]
  2. ^ According to the Landmarks Preservation Commission, the Stuyvesant estate transferred ownership of the building as early as 1954.[17]

Citations

  1. ^ a b "3 East 57 Street, 10022". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  2. ^ a b White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  3. ^ Gray, Christopher (July 6, 2012). "A Woman With an Architectural Appetite". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 357.
  5. ^ "130 West 57th Street Studio Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 19, 1999. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 23, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2003, p. 2.
  7. ^ "In the Real Estate Field; Building on Former Site of Chickering Hall Bought by O.B. Potter Trust" (PDF). The New York Times. April 14, 1904. p. 15. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  8. ^ "'Shanty Land' Now Site of $125,000,000 New Construction: Skyscrapers and Shops Have Replaced Homes of 5,000 Squatters in 57th Street". New York Herald Tribune. January 13, 1929. p. D1. ProQuest 1111941344.
  9. ^ Russell, John (April 24, 1988). "Three Worlds of 57th Street; the World of Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  10. ^ Gray, Christopher; Braley, Suzanne (2003). New York Streetscapes: Tales of Manhattan's Significant Buildings and Landmarks. Harry N. Abrams. p. 257. ISBN 9780810944411.
  11. ^ a b "Sinclair Residence Purchaser Is Augustus Stuyvesant Jr" (PDF). The New York Times. January 11, 1930. p. 32. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Stuyvesant Realty On 57th Street In Long Lease". New York Herald Tribune. August 11, 1929. p. D1. ProQuest 1111999053.
  13. ^ a b "New Building Planned for East 57th Street; Starrett Investing Corporation Leases Site Near Fifth Avenue --Other Leasehold Deals" (PDF). The New York Times. August 11, 1929. p. N21. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  14. ^ a b c d e Diamonstein-Spielvogel, Barbaralee (2011). The Landmarks of New York (5th ed.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 605. ISBN 978-1-4384-3769-9.
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  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Landmarks Preservation Commission 2003, p. 6.
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  20. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2003, p. 1.
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  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Landmarks Preservation Commission 2003, p. 5.
  26. ^ "Metal Walls Coming". Architectural Record. Vol. 67. June 1930. p. 585.
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  46. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2003, p. 3.
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Sources

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